oning viewers their views changing the united states constitution. our facebook pages -- page facebook.com/cspan. "no, it should not be changed. the constitution of the united states is to keep dictators like obama under control. congress needs to their jobs and hold people accountable to not follow the law of the land." "i do not think the constitution should be changed." even give us a call. republicans, (202)748-8001. democrats, (202)748-8000. independents, (202)748-8002. on the independent line, randall from texas. good morning. caller: good morning. i don't get much time with a national audience. i don't think the spirit of the law should be questioned. thatwoman in juarez knows she can come to a hospital in el aisle to down in the have her baby to give that baby a better opportunity, i'm not going to blame that mother. at the same time, i don't think every issue needs to be a firing squad issue. america is not a war zone. i'm tired of politicians, television, advertising, everything being like we are in a militarized zone. we are more of a hospi

james madison acknowledged father of the united states constitution stood on the floor of the house to protest. he said, and i'm quoting him, i cannot undertake to lay my finger on that article of the constitution which granted a right to congress of expending on the objects of benevolence, the money of their constituents. james madison also said charity is no part of the legislative duty of government. now can you imagine what the american people would do for a presidential candidate today making the same comments. to take the money take the money of one american and give it to another to spend the money of the constituents for the purpose of benevolence. to help a fellow man in need of. i think that reaching reaching in somebody else's pocket to help one fellow man in need is worthy of condemnation, and for the christians among us commandment man shall not steal it didn't mean thou shalt not shall not steal unless you get a majority vote in the united states congress. now we find many americans love government because government does things that if a private person did the identical

and thank you for take my call.- yes, i am for changing the constitution and the reason is this. do we, the united stateswant to stem the flow of illegal immigration into the united inte states? yes or no? if the u answer is yes, then wes a country must change the constitution and turn off one of the magnets, one of the main magnets for people around the world to come in to the united states. and this is gaining citizenship by issue of being born in the united states, even from parents who are well intentioned for - their own family, for whatever n economic reasons, whatever, the reason is that they smuggle into the united states or come thing, illegal e via or legally as tourists or something and extending their stay or coming o through the borders, but the heu purpose is that they know once they make it here, they put their foot in the usa and once r they are on this soil it's enough for them to have a baby l or come with a baby already mad. in mexico or elsewhere and yes give birth in the united states or have the children here.babies so they are anchor, that's why it's proper anchor babies. do we wan

it explores magna carta's strong influence on the constitutional law of the united states, and when legalscholars and historians look back on this milestone anniversary, it is our hope that the content of our exhibition will show how well england's most venerated exports, magna carta, forged the u.s.-british bond of law. i thank you, all of you, for joining us today enencourage you to visit the exhibition between now and january 19th. now, if you would please rise for the playing of the national anthem. ♪ god save our gracious queen, long live our noble queen, god save the queen! ♪ ♪ send her victorious, happy and glorious, long to reign over us, god save the queen! ♪ ♪ o say, can you see by the dawn's early light ♪ ♪ what so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming? ♪ ♪ whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight ♪ ♪ o'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming? ♪ ♪ and the rockets' red glare the bombs bursting in air ♪ ♪ gave proof through the night that our flag was still there ♪ ♪ oh, say, does that star-spangled banner yet wave ♪ ♪ o'er the la

that the supreme court, and i would say most of its members, have little respect for the united states constitution. there's probably two members, i'm not going to mention their names, probably to members who have respect for the united states constitution and are willing to go to bat for it. look, folks, thank you very much. thank you. [applause] >> thank you. again the book is "american contempt for liberty." you will find it quite interesting and very thought-provoking. i do encourage you to pick up a copy here while we have them, and we think our friends at the hoover institution for supplying them to us, and to all of you for your kind attention. >> walter williams will be a guest on both tvs in depth program in november for three hours on the first sunday of the month. for more information visit booktv.org. >> pamela newkirk discusses her book "spectacle: the astonishing life of ota benga" at the 17th annual harlem book fair. watch it now on booktv.nk you v stuck well, thank you very much. good afternoon, everyone. come on now, good afternoon. >> good afternoon. >> we had a wonderful panel th

it explores magna carta's strong influence on the constitutional law of the united states, and when legal scholars and historians look back on this milestone grand jury, it's the hope that the content of our exhibition will show how one of england's most venerated exports, the magna carta, forged the u.s. british bond of law. i thank you all for joining us today and encourage you to visit the exhibition between now and january 19th. now, if you would please rise for the playing of the national anthems. ♪ god save our gracious queen, got save our queen ♪ ♪ ♪ god save the queen ♪ oh, say can you see by the dawn's early light ♪ ♪ what so proud we hail at the twilight's last gleaming ♪ ♪ whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight ♪ ♪ o efrmtsr the ramparts we watch were so gallantly streaming ♪ ♪ and the rocket's red glare, the bomb's bursting in air gave proof through the night that our flag was still there ♪ ♪ o, say does that star spangled banner yet wave ♪ ♪ or the land of the free and the home of the brave ♪ >>> the law library here at the library of congress is cust

>> guest: judy the idea that the magna carta somehow directed the united states constitution i thinkit's a startling correct. it's like the mayflower compact and other things that my friends on the religious light -- religious right in the do a lot of friends of the religious right but i think they are fundamentally wrong about that. we setup the united states constitution the first thing we did was article iii no religious test for public office and then we have mandated that the bill of rights passed by congress ratified by the states with this very clear unequivocal comment that congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. people say that's congress that we passed the 14th amendment and frankly at that time republicans leaving the charge for the 14th amendment and it was very clear that their intent was to apply the bill of rights to the states. this new found interest in the 14th amendment on the partisan candidates maybe they should go back and look at what their own partyu thought the 14th amendment meant at the t

there is no affirmative right to vote in the united states constitution. allowedhe states are to deprive prisoners the right to vote. roland martin: there is no affirmative right to vote at all of the united states constitution. -- you cannot be discriminated against that there is no affirmative right to vote. is tryinglicia riche to get a voting rights bill that puts it in the state constitution is supposed to the federal, but go ahead. >> i was wondering about prisoners index prisoners not being allowed to vote, being deprived of that right. roland martin: here's the deal -- in florida, the governor has an executive order, but that is not law. some states are trying to make those changes. benjamin crump: president obama signed an executive order, and that is how he got florida. florida is always a tossup it simply your governor doing an executive order and that makes all the difference. roland martin: but here is the other piece that black folks have to do. when it comes to criminal justice reform, give the republican governors who are better on this issu

states. i am a big believer in the constitution of the united states of america. i put my hand up an i swore and allegiance to the constitution states as i was aed united pilot from 1972 in 1977. my father did the same thing. tailgunner in-17 1944 and 1945. he flew five missions over nazi germany to help liberate that continent. my dad wanted to go home, live in peace, and farm. that is what he did. my dad is a 90-year-old man living in texas today. he taught me everyday about giving back to my country, giving back to my state, giving back to my community. he understood that public service is an honorable thing. america is great because men and women hold up their hand and say here am i. send me. there are a lot of ways you volunteer this country and get back to this country. it is one of the reasons we are a unique country. you can join the peace corps or the marine corps or anything in between. get back to this country. -- give back to this country. that is what we need in this country again is americans who believe that you can attain the american dream. we are

along with it were things like the test that means you had to read a united states constitution or state constitution or something to the satisfaction of the registrar of that state. and strangely enough, and i'm sure you all could figure this out, if you had a ph.d. if you were an african-american you couldn't read to the standards that were necessary. if you had a different kind of background you could. again, it was a way of stopping people from voting without saying because you're african-american, you couldn't vote. probably the most interesting device -- if your grandfather. again, you couldn't vote going fourth -- it wasn't a slave you could vote thereafter. you had a series of vices put into place. -- other important changes took place, which i think is a harbenger is the creation of the democratic primaries. >> because they were privately run activities they could, in fact, exclude african-americans from participating in those primaries. since 1940 in the naacp argued with the state of texas that, in fact, this goes against the 15th amendment that you have from those early steps

states. i am a big believer in the constitution of the united states of america. i swore allegiance to the constitution of the united states when i wore the uniform in the united states air force from 1972 to 1977. 17 tailgunner that flew 34 missions over nazi germany to liberate the continent. he wanted to live in peace, get married, and farm. that is what he did. he is a 90-year-old man in texas today, but he taught me every day about giving back to my country, giving back to my state, giving back to my community. he understood that public service is an honorable thing, that america is great because there are men and women who hold of their hands and say, send me. is one of the reasons we are a unique country. you can join the peace corps or the marine corps or anything in between. but give back to the country. that is what we need in this country. americans who believe in the american dream. americans who believe you can attain the american dream. we are not going to do it unless we deconstruct the crap going on in washington dc. [applause] that is the challenge

what we know is that the 14th amendment of the united states constitution makes this a right and it can't be changed. >> well, i might argue with you. let's move to the next issue. the issue of birthright citizenship stems from the 14th amendment that says if you were born in the u.s. and subject to the jurisdiction there of, you are an american citizen. trump isn't the only candidate opposed to this idea. rand paul, lindh see gram, rick santorum and ted cruz, all republicans, and here is the donald arguing with bill o'reilly about it. >> from you born here, you are an american, period. period. >> but there are many lawyers who are saying that's not the way it is in terms of this. what happens is they are in mexico and they will have a baby and they move over here for a couple of days and have the baby baby -- but bill they say it won't holdup in court. >> let's see how one anchor baby reacted to trump's comments. >> i would much rather find out whether or not anchor babies are actually citizens. >> test it out. have your guiles file a federal suit tomorrow. >> we are going to test it out

and we have a supreme law called the united states constitution. and the second amendment of that constitution gives citizens the right to keep and bare arms. therefore, anything that we're going to do has to be done with respect to the second amendmented. >> let's move on now and talk about the polls. also, you're second in some key states, as well. why do you think you have suddenly taken off. i don't want to say the new golden boy, but you have certainly made a mark in the polls. >> i think it's because people are actually getting a chance to hear me. before the first debate, half the people didn't nope who i was. and they've been doing their homework, sub sell kwerntly. and, actually, getting a chance to hear from my own lips what i've said. >> we've been talking tonight about donald trump and race. the shooter, as well. how do you think donald trump is dealing with the immigration iss issue? >> the wochnderful thing about e political process is everybody gets to express themselves. and, over the course of a period of time, some people complain

one of his positions is at odds with the united states constitution. nt to the constitution says all persons born or naturalized in the united states are citizens of the united states. trumps call for ending that so-called birth right citizenship. let's bring in senior political reporter nia-malika henderson and cnn political reporter sara murray. nia, this is a major shift on his part. he would have to have a constitutional amendment if we were to get his way. >> that's right. this is a big deal, it's something splitting the republican field in many ways. john kasich, for instance, he seemed to be aligned with this idea, seems not to like this idea now. chris christie i think was asked on our air this morning about it, was more vague in terms of what his approach will be. but think, i think, will do him good among conservatives. conservatives that boosted him to the top of the polls. other more moderate republican, people like jeb bush, people like reince priebus would be alarmed with this six-point plan because they want to do well with latino voters.

united states and subject to the jurisdiction thereof are american citizens. i want to make a point. and i hope bill o'reilly hears this as well. there are no redundant clauses in the united states constitution that clause "and subject to the jurisdiction thereof" was a carefully thought out and drafted phrase, much debated back in that era of 1867 and '68 to ensure that the babies born to diplomats or their staff or their families would not be automatically citizens of the united states. the people that say that the constitution has to be amended in order to end birthright citizenship are invariably the people that think it's a good idea and those who think it's a good idea generally are the beneficiaries of it. whether it would happen to be the cheap labor beneficiaries or whether they are the political beneficiaries, generally democrats at least 2-1 to republicans. >> in the heat of the campaign some are charging that the use of the term anchor babies is offensive, but not only is trump saying that he's going to continue to use the term, others like jeb bush are saying it is not offensive at all, and becaming democrats for perpetuating the idea that it's a loaded term. >> i remember a con

the problem that this lawsuit allegation i alleges isw appears to be in conflict with the united states constitution. >> some say taking advantage of young girls was part of the culture at this new england prep school. >>> and in new orleans, after katrina, those that desperately need help. help. >> "inside story" takes you beyond the headlines, beyond the quick cuts, beyond the sound bites. we're giving you a deeper dive into the stories that are making our world what it is. >> ray suarez hosts "inside story". only on al jazeera america. >> hi everyone, this is al jazeera america, i'm john siegenthaler. st. paul's trial, elite bordering school, rocked by a rape allegation. why prosecutors say there's a culture of sexual exploitation. katrina's legacy, progress for some, others still treading water. the mayor speaks. >> basically left their property for somebody else to take care of. >> and the city still on the mend. high point. the new documentary on an inspiring and terrifying journey. >> it was so stunning and so quiet and it just felt like we're in outer space. >> we'll talk to the director and

there is no affirmative right to vote in the united states constitution. allowedhe states are to deprive prisoners the right to vote. roland martin: there is no affirmative right to vote at all of the united states constitution. -- you cannot be discriminated against that there is no affirmative right to vote. is tryinglicia riche to get a voting rights bill that puts it in the state constitution is supposed to the federal, but go ahead. >> i was wondering about prisoners index prisoners not being allowed to vote, being deprived of that right. roland martin: here's the deal -- in florida, the governor has an executive order, but that is not law. some states are trying to make those changes. benjamin crump: president obama signed an executive order, and that is how he got florida. florida is always a tossup it simply your governor doing an executive order and that makes all the difference. roland martin: but here is the other piece that black folks have to do. when it comes to criminal justice reform, give the republican governors who are better on this issu

in which it is an open debate about whether we should repeal the 14th amendment to the united states constitution, whether we should rescind citizenship, a principle that has been enshrined for 150 years. what is going on in. >> it is unfortunate. by the way, birth right citizenship goes back a lot longer than the 14th amendment. it was actually part of english common law. this idea of talking about revoking citizenship for those born here. i think is a disaster. i think if the republican party goes down this road, it is going to go the way of the wigs. it is not going to be a viable party anymore. i am confident at the end of the day, you're going to see a nominee of the republican party who is going to have a sensible free market, more pro immigrant approach to immigration because it really is inconsistent with republican principles. what donald trump is talking about is raising the wages of high-tech workers to be above prevailing wages. that's a democratic solution. that's not a republican solution. >> let me bring in howard dean. as you watched this phenomenon unfold and the fact of the matt

now or the right, conservatives, are making an argument that the 14th amendment to the united states constitutionoversial. i would submit to you that the argument that the left should make is that they're dealing with the wrong amendment that is it is the second amendment to the united states constitution that needs changing. if left has the courage to do that, that is appropriate. the second amendment is stupid. right to keep and bear arms nation of 330 million and we have 330 million weapons. that is stupid. >> how do you want to change it? >> that's the argument. you need two-thirds of congress of the united states, three-fourths of states to ratify change in the amendment. it is virtually impossible. we're stuck with the 14th amendment and 2nd amendment. now you have to have discussion on law enforcement. there's way too many guns. 33,000 in this country killed by guns every year by murder or suicide. >> i have a lot of guns, and i don't make this country more dangerous. >> you don't but this guy flanagan can did. >> it was a mental health issue. >> i think when trump eluded to that he was ri

. >> under the united states constitution, prosecutors are required to give the defendants evidence thathe defense, and these prosecutors did not. >> your job is to prosecute the guy and seek a conviction. that's your job. >> ada bruce whittaker received the blood report showing thompson didn't commit the carjacking. in a deposition, michael asked him if the prosecutors were obliged to disclose evidence. >> the understanding was, if you disclosed -- >> exculpatory evidence? >> exculpatory meaning what? >> that's a good question, i don't know if that's -- that's the kind of stuff that was never, perhaps, clarified to the extent it should have been clarified. >> was there training for prosecutors on what that obligation meant? >> i don't recall there ever being training on that. i don't recall there being training, period. >> jim williams who prosecuted thompson was asked who decided what evidence would be shared. >> it was up to the attorney trying the case. we were expected to follow the rules. >> were there any other guidelines that you can recall as to how you were to make that determi

religious freedoms of everyday americans and it's something i think that is inherit in the united states constitutions president, my administration will defend those rights each and every day. >> and you would defend as i think would governor kashich would say it's the law of the land, the supreme court ruled and you would accept that as president? >> well, what i've said is i think i support a constitutional amendment that would allow that decision to be made by the states. in the meantime, i think the most important thing the president should be focused on is making sure that religious freedoms are upheld on something that founders of the country were talking about them. many of them came from other places because of religious persecution and not freedom from religion. it's freedom of religion and i would defend that every day. >> maybe owing to your discuss in the polls and you have become a serious candidate, maybe to the left a serious threat, as much as marco rubio, they're going through your financial records and your own personal finances and bills, and much like marco rubio and many american

who are continuing to risk their lives to fight for what is promised in the united states constitution, by we the people of the united states. and i appreciate this opportunity to present this material today, and i strongly encourage all of us to consider what the perspective of the students are today, the young people in today's school and the potential that they have to help make this a true democracy. thank you. [applause] >> dr. aram god size january. >> good afternoon. my book is called "down to the cross roots: civil rights, black power, and the meredith march against fear." let me begin near the beginning. june 6, 1956, just south of hernando, mississippi, and james maine divot is walking down -- meredith is walking down highway 51, famous for integrating ole miss four years earlier which sparked riots, but this walk is mores the endeavor of -- more or less the endeavor or a solitary man. he's on the second day of a planned trek for which he's outlined two goals. the first to, quote, challenge that all-pervasive fear that dominated the day-to-day life of the knee grow in the uni

. >> united states constitution clearly protects my right of freedom of speech and freedom of religion. ♪ the goodness that goes into making a power kale chicken caesar salad is rivaled only, by the goodness felt while eating one. panera. food as it should be. ♪ it's a calling. a love affair. a quest. the next horizon. everyone loves the chase. let's discuss medical supplies i'm kind of happy with my guys. i think you'll love our newest line the stuff my vendor sells works fine. and my budget's small, just so you know. ♪ should i stay or should i go ♪ when you choose to go for business go to the new choicehotels.com it makes finding the right room faster and easier than ever. book now at choicehotels.com morning ted! scott! ready to hit some balls? ooh! hey buddy, what's up? this is what it can be like to have shingles. oh, man. a painful, blistering rash. if you had chickenpox, the shingles virus is already inside you. 1 in 3 people will get shingles in their lifetime. ah. after almost 3 weeks i just really wanted to give it a shot. you know, i'm not feeling it today. talk to your doc

you asked a candidate for president of the united states whether he would ignore the constitution of united states constitution and would actually deport a u.s. citizen. you were born a u.s. citizen when you were born in america. he could not answer that question. why do i bring this up. i bring this up because this is august and this is the month i believe that rick santorum four years ago started talking about contraception in ways that scared the hell oust a lot of republican women that voted for republicans and would never vote for democrat. it came up four months later, suddenly rick son tar rum was indignant that people were conduct u talking about contraception. it is happening here again chuck todd where they are actually talking about ignoring the constitution to the united states of america, to win a few cheap points on an iowa state fair. >> them bracing a birthright citizenship. if the party, if more and more of the party do this -- >> but that's the constitution. it's in the constitution. you are not embracing birthright citizenship. you are saying -- >> to ignore an ame

you say that trump is right legally, the basic legal document in this country is the constitution of the united statese constitution of the united states is the 14th amendment, passed in 1868. >> they're not citizens. >> everyone born here subject to the jurisdiction of the united states is a citizen of the united states. >> excuse me, i just went over it, the guy that authored the 14th amendment -- >> it was not mark -- >> no, it was senator howard jacob, and he pointed out the interpretation it did not include alien citizens. >> why are conservatives, generally, and trump, if you consider him a conservative, certainly on this issue he is, going to argue to alter the constitution? >> not altering the constitution. >> when you can make meaningful arguments about certain aspects, the wall for example is a good argument if you want to spend the couple of hundred billion dollars it take to build a wall, god bless, go do it. you want to talk about a program being enormously enhanced. you want to talk about mexico having fiscal responsibility for the -- >> let me bring laura in here. the author of the clau

there is no affirmative right to vote in the united states constitution. firmative right to vote at all in the u.s. constitution. if you read bush v gore decision. >> i mean the amendment. rvels no. it says you cannot be discriminated against. there is no affirmative right to vote. it's one of the reasons why in ohio, they're trying to get a voting rights bill that puts it in the state constitution as opposed to the federal. but go ahead with your question. >> prisoners and ex prisoners not be allowed to vote. >> here's the deal. in florida, you have the governor who signed the executive order. it's not law. can you speak to it quick? >> certainly. president obama got votes for ex offenders that charlie christie signed an executive order. that's how he got florida. it's simply your governor doing an executive order that makes the difference. that's why you've got to vote. >> here's the other piece. right now when it comes to criminal justice reform, republican governors are better than some democrats. forget the d and r. next question. >> charlie crist was

in contrast to particlelity, it is very difficult to actually a amend the united states constitution. so no simple majority vote of the houses of parliament -- excuse me, of the congress with the president can alter any of our rights. and i think that's made a great difference. the british trust and parliament and their view and it is i think a rationale choice, they feel that they must defer to the democratic branches. we have embedded these rights to magna carta in our constitution and made it very difficult for anybody, or even our legislature by itself or the states to make any change in that. in closing, i'd just like to cite the author of the federal farmer writing during the debate over the american constitution in 1688 where he explains how our freedom depends on keeping in view this legacy of magna carta. the rights. the people might not forget these rights and gradually become prepared for arbitrary government. their discerning and honest leaders caused this instrument to be confirmed near 40 times and to be read twice a year in public places. not that it would lose its vali

sherman who is going to end up signing not only the declaration of independence, the united states kons constitution but also the article of confederation. only two men who can make that claim. benjamin franklin from right here in philadelphia, which is far and away the most famous american at the time. 70 years old. oldest man in congress. and then one of the younger guys in congress, our fifth member, thomas jefferson. 33 years old. the growing reputation for his writing and his political thought. and the committee sitting, deciding what to say, decides jefferson should be the writer. he works for about 17 days on the declaration of independence, and he will especially go to john adams and benjamin franklin for some of their ideas and critiques of his writing. but generally it's his work. he's building on a lot of other things that both he and others had written. some of the grievances they'd already been talking about make up a big bulk of that declaration of independence. by june 28th, the declaration is sort of back here in the assembly room. but that's a friday. they'll wait until the next mon

will hear a lot tonight about the impact magna carta has had in this country in both state constitutions and in the united states constitution. since england never adopted a constitution, in some ways, the influence of magna carta is even greater in this country. certainly the notions of due process of law, the right to jury trials have developed directly from magna carta, as well as separation of powers, principles, and tradition -- judicial decision-making on what law is. some of this is really fascinating, historically. for example when the barons demanded a jury of their peers with magna carta, they certainly were not envisioning a jury of commenters, their peers were clearly other barons. so some of their notions would be a surprise to them if they were here 800 years later to know how we interpret a jury of your peers. to include mere commoners. but i'm a card has become a rallying cry for centuries now regarding with the law of the land requires. as we debate today current topics like whether the president can legally authorized drone strikes to kill american citizens, we hear citations for magna c

in bernie versus florez, which is the follow-up case, they ruled rifra to be united states constitutional on the state level, because only the supreme court can interpret the constitution. it is different to say they are the only interpreter versus one of the interpreters. >> more calls for michael farris. >> caller: good morning. i too am a veteran that was drafted and served before we had the opportunity to vote. i also take exception to the gentleman saking they are luna ticks and i take exception to him and his organization that are doing nothing but trying to circumvent the constitution that we veterans swore to uphold and defend. thank you. >> well, first of all, i didn't say anyone that opposes me is lunatic fringe. i say the people that make the argument that the constitutional provision of article v will automatically result in a run away convention, the extreme left and the extreme right, are the ones that make that argument. there is no law, policy, political reality behind that. that particular argument is the argument of the lunatic fringe. there are other people that oppose

there is no affirmative right to vote at all in the united states constitution. int is it says you cannot be discriminated against. there is no right to vote. that is why in ohio, they tried to get a voting rights bill that puts it in the state constitution, instead of the federal. >> i was wondering why prisoners and express this art allowed to vote. >> here is the deal. in florida, you have a governor that signed an executive order, but that is not law. crump: president obama got votes. florida is always a tossup. it is simply your governor doing an executive order, making the difference. that is why you have to go vote. roland martin: many republican governors are actually better on this issue than some democrats. that's why and saying, forget the r.nd question? >> good evening. roland martin: right to the question. national urban league support of elected officials? roland martin: they can't. the 501(c)(3) status says you positions, not actual candidates. >> can mike millon clarify on how to -- michael mcmillan clarify on that? michael mcmillan: as an individu

united states. he was one of only two persons to sign all three founding documents of the united states -- the constitution, the declaration of independence, and the articles of confederation. he was one of pennsylvania's first two senators and the first to use the dollar sign in correspondence. the "s" with the line through it. apparently, this is attributed to morris in correspondence. so mr. morris is a familiar name, perhaps not all that famous. that's what he looks like on banknotes. stephen decatur was a famous admiral, fought in the barbary wars. fought in the war of independence, and he was, he was commander of the uss constitution and several other ships. here is important naval hero. the last fellow is when i want to spend time on -- charles sumner. his name has come up in today's news. hear a lot about all the acrimony and paralysis in congress. and how people are not getting along very well. the incident that mr. sumner is famous for my put this in a different perspective. he gave a speech in may, 1856, on the floor of the senate -- the crime against kansas speech. in 1854, the kansas-nebraska