i don't think the united states will lose their sanity of the mind if china surpasses the united states. because these 2 countries have very, very different systems. and i don't think china has any desire or commitment to replace the united states as the top dog of the world because we simply see no fun of becoming the top dog of the world. that's why she's being said, the world should be big enough to accommodate both channel the united states. fundamentally, china, the united states, should not be enemies against each other. they should be partners and friends with each other. going folks liked her, i'm sorry to interrupt you, but i want to come to glenn on this because of the meeting. as we mentioned before, was 3 hours long. we only saw a small proportion of it. clearly there was stuff that was being discussed or not in public. what evidence going forward? you think we should look at to see whether or not this meeting has actually had an impact. pause negative on relations between china, the us and obviously all the other countries in that region as well. who will, of course, be dir

the chinese side, the united states, had no justification to talk to china from the position of so called strength. and this is truly unprecedented. i think china feels comfortable enough to tell the united states in very serious and straightforward term that the relations between china, the united states, should be level relations. no, why should lecture the other from above and china, the united states need to deal with each other as equals. now this is reflected very much in this virtual meeting today, president vital and president, she jim being seem to get along very well, very cordially they respect each other. they like each other, they can get along with each other and the working level people, the secretary of state, the national security adviser on the dallas, they said their counterparts in china need to deliver all the good will demonstrate it by the 2 heads of state. this gives hope that china and that is states will not go to war, go to conflict, go to each other's juggler. they will get down to business to treat each other as equal. and then as present, she, you being said

the chinese side, the united states had no justification to talk to china from the position of so-calledstrength." i think china feels comfortable enough to tell the united states in very serious and straightforward terms that the relations between china and the united states should be level. nobody should lecture the other from above, and china and the united states need to deal with each other as equals. this is reflected very much in this virtual meeting today. president biden and xi jinping seem to get along very well, they respect each other. they like each other. they can get along with each other. the working level people, the secretary of state, national security advisers in china, need to deliver all of the goodwill demonstrated by the heads of state. this gives hope that china and the united states will not go to war for my go to conflicts, go to each other's jugular, they will get down to business to treat each other as equal. and then, the world is big enough to accommodate both china and the united states. >> this virtual meeting if i understand correctly, is essentially one

false alarms about china's economic development or the steady development of its defense capabilities. china's defense capabilities are very large. it is on the power of the united stateset me jump in there and talk about the defensive posture in july. we had that core dated u.s. and european condemnation of china for what they saw as hacking. >> if you talk about hacking, read edward snowden's book or writings and you will know who is the top hacker in the world today. don't mention to me about china doing hacking when you ignore what edward snowden has written very eloquently about who is the king of hacking in the world of today. >> let's take that point to robert. as the west increasingly viewing china as an adversary on political, economic and security levels because china is gaining an ability to do back to world powers what they have had them in up lyons doing? -- the monopoly on doing? >> i think that is pretty clear also. china is developing a full-spectrum of military and security presence. not just traditional force protection across water and air but that also means new areas like cyberspace, outerspace will become an issue. that is what happened during the

this is the common aspiration of our people in china and united states as well as the people of all countriesld. and it is also the common mission of the leaders of china in the united states. a sound chinese have a news relationship is required for bensing our two countries, respective development, and for safeguarding a peaceful and stable international environment, including finding effective responses to global challenges such as climate change and the covid pandemic. amy: and this is president biden speaking from the white house at the start of the virtual summit with the chinese president. mr. biden: and happy we found time to meet and look forward to candid discussion michael discussions we've had thus far. it seems to be our responsibility as leaders of china and the united states to ensure the competition between our countries does not hearing conflict whether intended or unintended. it seems to me we need to establish common sense guardrails and be clear and honest where we disagree and work together where our interests intersect, especially on medical issues like climate change. ou

, including the united states, including all it's 5 i members, state your name it japan. acknowledge that this is the corner stone of china's foreign relations with all the countries in the world. with all the united nations, not the united states, cannot have the cake, i eat it back in 1979, the united states did the right thing. they sever the relations with taiwan. they cancel the defense treaty between the united states and taiwan. they withdrew all the u. s. troops, station leading taiwan. now if they want to really reverse that, be my guest, but the consequences will be there will be no more to provide the relations between china and the united states and the real legal status between channels. mainland anti one is the our finished a civil war. why taiwan ended up with his current situation. first of all, it's because of the cairo declaration pottstown declaration. secondly, it's because of the civil war in china, the nationalist of forces, fred, the mainland, and settled down in taiwan. so if the united states keep provoking that they probably will provoke the resumption of the civil war. and do you think the u. s. w

of diplomats china has. there right now is an imbalance between the united states military positions around the world. so, for example, china only has one military base outside of mainland china, and that's in djibouti. they're working very hard to place military bases in other continents around the world, but the united states is far ahead of china in that respect. still, they've done a lot of work under their belt and road initiative to expand their alliances around the world whether it's in africa or latin america or europe, just everywhere, and they're doing it very quickly. >> when it comes to diplomacy and who's winning sort of the game of influence between the united states and china, you know, china has distributed 1.1 billion vaccines. that's according to some data, guy. and the united states has delivered about 190 billion vaccines. you know, the chinese vaccine may not be as effective, probably as effect as u.s. vaccines, but how do you think the united states has faired when compared to china when it specifically relates to sort of vaccine diplomacy coming out of this coronavirus pandemic?

the china of 2021 is not the china of 1971 or even the china of 2011. china today is challenging the united states and destabilizing the international community across every dimension of power. political, diplomatic, economic military and cultural. i truly believe that china today led by the communist party and from pedal by xi jinping's hypernationalism is unlike any challenge we've faced as a nation before. from its predatory economic behavior and aggressive efforts to coerce neighbors in the maritime domain. ive to the crushing and religious autonomy of tibet and campaign of genocide against the uyghur people and digital authoritarianism. china today is more emboldened thavren before. there should be little doubt that the right framework for thinking about our relationship with china today is strategic competition. not because that is you will need to be clear-eyed about beijing's actions and play a key role in calibrating this administration's emerging policy and strategy regarding china. this committee has engaged extensively on china over the last several months, including passing the strate

china has been doing this independently anyway. but in the case of india, japan, south korea, and of course, britain, it is almost thirdly, political support would be united states of china, japan, south korea, our strategic allies of the u. s. is, is the most important partner and britain. now, freshly out of the you are also seeks close relationships with the united states. so this is, this is the symbolic joining for them, all of an actual additions are supplied. none of them will bring anywhere near as much was the market as the us have done. and it shows that it last via, as i said earlier, program a domestic effort to, to use pump prices in the us rather. ready than the global connected you mentioned before the, the, the international energy authority and it's position in this. if i understand it correctly, it's going to rule that says countries cannot release strategic or reserves for anything other than crisis situations is we sort of alluded to before, but its rules also say that the i e a can't get involved if it might affect market prices, one kind of begs the question, what is the point of the i e a in a situation like this? well, the, i 8 is the, is

[speaking foreign language] xi jinping: right now, both china and the united states are at critical stages of development. humanity lives in a global village and we face multiple challenges together. as the world two largest economies, and permanent members of the un security council, china and the united states will see increased communication and cooperation. we should each run our domestic affairs well. and it should our share of international responsibilities to work together to respond to the calls of world peace and development. this is the shared desire of the people of our two countries and around the world, and the joint commission of chinese and american leaders. [speaking foreign language] xi jinping: we must safeguard a peaceful and safe environment, including finding effective responses to global challenges, such as climate change, which you have referenced and the covid pandemic. china and the united states must respect each other, coexist and pursue cooperation. i stand ready to work with you to bolster consensus, take active doing so would advance the interest of our people an

and that possibility was given a boost when china's top negotiator made a surprise announcement of a joint climate plan with the united statesbiggest polluters agreed to reduce methane, a highly potent greenhouse gas, a positive signal of cooperation. the united states and china have no shortage of differences, but on climate — on climate — cooperation is the only way to get this job done. we will soon see what that adds up to in this last phase of the talks, where china is among industrial giants worried about brakes we will soon see what that adds up to in this last phase of the talks, on its development. and others, like madagascar, victims of climate change, are desperate for this conference to get them help. kevin rudd, the former australian prime minister and now the president of the asia society, which has been working on global agreements on climate change, joins us now. what's your take on this agreement? thejoint statement by the chinese and the americans i think is a significant step forward. it's not a game—changer, as with the us china agreement back in 2014 in the lead—up to paris but it's a big step forward an

of change to the current status quo? >> the united states believes that the status quo in taiwan has served the interest of china, taiwan nd the united states as well as regional interest of regional stability. we continue to adhere to the one china policy, taiwan relations act and oppose any unilateral changes to the status quo. and we have been concerned about chinese activities that have shaken to a certain extent the security and stability across state relations but fundamentally what we're looking for is the maintenance of peace and stability, and, therefore, maintenance of the status quo. >> if china were to do something short of military aggression, massive cyberattack, would that in your view trigger the taiwan relations act and would the united states come to taiwan's assistance? >> fareed, i learned long ago not to accept hypothetical questions when it comes to taiwan. i think the important thing here is under the taiwan's relation act we have a responsibility to provide defense articles to taiwan for their defense. we have a responsibility to help them protect and defend their own security, and we have done so

of fatigue in the united states about that. but i think there is also concern that one of the ways the united states might pivot foreign policy is towards an as extensional -- existential identity with china which may make the war on terror look small by comparison, given all of the new bells and whistles and toys that are being proposed, including out of congress in terms of new capabilities that will be required to confront china. or, if we don't, authoritarian sort of new curtain will drape itself over the world. are you concerned at all that there could be -- this push could result in even more unaccountable far-flung spending at the pentagon where a lot of the domestic agenda of the democrats support could fall by the wayside? rep. castro: at this point, that certainly is possible. i would argue that, to a great extent, even how we spend our military dollars now, i don't believe is completely in step with the challenges that china poses militarily. we still spend a lot of money on what would be considered traditional, mainline military weaponry. tanks, airplanes, ships and so forth. get me wrong, i understand those are necessary, but china is engaging on a whole other front that to m

and trying to think that the united states is trying to keep trying out of a dominant appropriate role in the world. the united states is concerned about a modernizing china, particularly militarily and economically. that is, says your correspondence said one of great competition with the united states. so i think it's a very wrong period for the bilateral relationship. what does president biden bring to this relationship? because he is some someone who, as prided himself on his personal relationships with, with certain leaders what, what, what, what can he bring to this, that perhaps donald trump didn't well, he brings a lot more experience in engaging with foreign leaders. president biden has in fact been involved in foreign affairs for decades. president trump was not in terms of representing a nation. president biden has met with us. she's been paying several times in the past as well as several other chinese leaders. so i think he brings some confidence into this meeting, but i think that the tension that exists and is growing over the question of what we see changing in the western pacific really is a leading trend that those in the united states an

china and united states have jointly released at china us joint glasgow declaration and enhancing climate action in 2020 a line. shortly after that came john kerry confirming what amounts to some sort of partnership the united states and china have no shortage of differences. but on climate and climate cooperation is the only way to get this job done. this is not a discretionary thing, frankly. this is science, it's math and physics that dictate the road that we have to travel. china and the u . s. aren't only the 2 biggest economies on earth. they're also responsible for the biggest emissions of carbon dioxide and methane gases. and that's why such a joint effort may have added value details about exactly what effect to below have . i'll limited at this stage. but regardless of that, it's given a lift to proceedings here at a difficult time. earlier boris johnson had headed back to glasgow on an electric train, not the private jet. he used to fly to london last week. his mission to try bridging the gaps on a final agreement. the world is hud leaders from every country continent stand here and acknowledge the need for action and the world will find absolutely incomprehensible. if we f

and that possibility was given a boost when china's top negotiator made a surprise announcement of a joint climate plan with the united statesworld's two biggest polluters agreed to reduce methane, a highly potent greenhouse gas, a positive signal of cooperation. the united states and china have no shortage of differences, but on climate — on climate — cooperation is the only way to get this job done. we will soon see what that adds up to in this last phase of the talks, where china is among industrial giants worried about brakes on its development. and others, like madagascar, victims of climate change, are desperate for this conference to get them help. daniel schrag is the director of the harvard university center for the environment. hejoins us live he joins us live now from cambridge in massachusetts. that the impacts were foreign away— that the impacts were foreign away would _ that the impacts were foreign away would affect _ that the impacts were foreign away would affect other - that the impacts were foreign. away would affect other people and you — away would affect other people and you may— away would affect other

the united states wants to push back on the rise of china. inese have benefitted from decades of stabilities, decades of cooperation and want to maintain that stability, that cooperation with the united states. and so, as long as the two sides are coming at each other so differently, it will be hard to go forward with a cooperative relationship. >> it seems like it. on a scale of 1 to 10 right now, 10 being the highest level of tension and conflict, where would you say u.s./china relations are? >> well, we're -- the relationship is the worst it's been since normalization relations in 1979. and the united states has shown no interest in trying to dial it back, as you say, it wants to simply prevent it from getting worse. now, i don't think we're close to hostilities. we're not close to war. but the problem for the united states is as we challenge china on taiwan in particular, we don't know where the chinese red line is. we don't know what too far means. and so we both sides run the risk of escalating the relationship and finding ourselves in a

as i've said before the china of 2021 is not the china of 1971 or even the china of 2011. china today is challenging the united states destabilizing the international community across every dimension of power. political, diplomatic, economic, military, and even cultural, with an alternative and deeply disturbing model for global governance. i truly believe that china today led by the communist party and propelled by xi jinping's hypernationalism is unlike any challenge we have faced as a nation before. for decades, we failed to comprehensively address china's growing reach of its predatory economic behavior and aggressive efforts to coerce its neighbors in a maritime domain. its dangerous flexing of military muscle against taiwan, and its campaign of genocide against the uyghur people as well as the imposition of the chilling system of digital authoritarianism to suppress its own people. they are more active and more emboldened than ever before. the right basic framework for thinking about our relationship with china today is strategic competition. not because that is necessarily what we want but because of the choic

and that possibility was given a boost when china's top negotiator made a surprise announcement of a joint climate plan with the united statess two biggest polluters agreed to reduce methane, a highly potent greenhouse gas, a positive signal of cooperation. the united states and china have no shortage of differences, but on climate — on climate — cooperation is the only way to get this job done. we will soon see what that adds up to in this last phase of the talks, where china is among industrial giants worried about brakes on its development. and others, like madagascar, victims of climate change, are desperate for this conference to get them help. a core challenge to moving away from fossil fuels is how to fund the transition — in the united states congress has just passed an infrastructure spending package worth one trillion dollars, with hundreds of billions of dollars devoted to funding infrastructure upgrades and new energy projects. but how will the us go about spending it? to find out, i'm joined byjoseph kane from the brookings institute — he specialises in infrastructure and environment in the first instance, the n

and that possibility was given a boost when china's top negotiator made a surprise announcement of a joint climate plan with the united statespolluters agreed to reduce methane, a highly potent greenhouse gas, a positive signal of cooperation. the united states and china have no shortage of differences, but on climate — on climate — cooperation is the only way to get this job done. we will soon see what that adds up to in this last phase of the talks, where china is among industrial giants worried about brakes on its development. and others, like madagascar, victims of climate change, are desperate for this conference to get them help. our science editor david shukman joins us from glasgow. lets talk more about that surprise announcement by china and the us. what's the likely impact of this statement on the outcome, do you think? �* , ., statement on the outcome, do you think? 2 ., , ., think? it's worth bearing in mind that if you _ think? it's worth bearing in mind that if you add _ think? it's worth bearing in mind that if you add together - think? it's worth bearing in mind that if you add together the - think? it's wort

but in the last couple of hours, united states and china of joy announced a greater cooperation to strengthen their targets. delegates have until friday to finalize the text that aims to keep global warming to less than one and a half degrees above pre industrial levels. the united states and china are releasing a joint declaration which lays out how we will limit warming on this planet. and.

united states, the world to biggest polluters agreed to move towards using clean energy and they said they would reduce methane, a highly potent greenhouse gas in a positive sign of cooperation. the united states and chinaage of differences. but on climate, on climate, cooperation is the only way to get this job done. today, countries are also joining together to announce an ambitious and initiative. a plan to phase out oil and gas led by costa rica and denmark. they want nations to join them in setting a date to end their use. coal as well, in setting a date to end their use. coalas well, responsible for half of greenhouse gases will also be a focus on whether plans to stop its use make it to the final agreement. there will be much wrangling in coming days and sleepless nights for negotiators trying to thrash out a deal. the process of the united nations means getting nearly 200 countries to agree. each with different current problems economies and agendas. we'll have lots more from cop26 in the business — including a look ahead to the role of cities and towns in climate change. as always, our website is packed full of background and analysis, including this article by matt mcgrath — who's interviewed

. >> that possibility was given a boost when china's top negotiator made a surprise announcement of a joint climate plan with the united statese world's two biggest polluters agreed to reduce methane, a highly potent greenhouse gas, a positive signal of cooperation. >> the united states and china have no shortage of differences. but on climate, on climate, cooperation is the only way to get this job done. >> we will soon see what that adds up t in this last phase of talks where china is among discussed real -- industrial giants worried about brakes on develop it. others like madagascar are, victims of climate change, are desperate for this conference to get them help. david shukman, bbc news in glasgow. >> as leaders debate commitments to curb climate change, the effects of global warming are clearly visible across much of africa. the number of droughts on the continent has increased sharply in the past decade. in south africa, parts of the country are experiencing a dry period that has gone on for seven years. the city of cape town came close to running out of water completely three years ago and is finding an unusual way to

of pressure on china and india. i mean, their missions have been skyrocketing, whereas in countries like united states in the u, they've been flat lining or actually are falling off. and so there is a lot of need for china in india to be more aggressive. it's disappointing by china hasn't really provided a lot of firm commitments. i think that there's a lot of tangling right now between united states and china on a number of different non climate related issues. dealing with taiwan. pod, china's firing of hypersonic missiles that i think, depending upon how some of those negotiations play out, we might then see a firmer commitment by china. and so climate change as sort of become a negotiating card among some of these top nations. when you're trying to address a whole suite of different diplomatic of issues between these countries, florida definitely seems like a climate change and, and you know, saving the environment and things like that should be a situation geopolitically where everybody should be able to get together and kind of come to some sort of terms, but that's not always the case. now we talked about with t

of blaming china for the coronavirus is just one small aspect of that. i think it has more to do with the relative position of the united states and china and the world economy. and this idea that both countries have, unfortunately, that each one's prosperity can only come at the expense of the other. you have i think both sides of very heavy nationalistic rhetoric. the fact competition with china redounds to chinese americans asian americans and we are than the target. >> will come back to that at a moment. i want to go back to your notion of "slaying goliath" the coolie notice. and so, there was this ideology that the chinese were a coolie race and slaves, a threat to free labor, a threat to women. what rule did it play in the passage of the exclusion laws and the violence at which we will get to in a moment? and what efforts of the chinese make to fight than this? i think that's a big part. >> sure, sure. the charge of coolie is in or the idea chinese -- the idea wasn't just that chinese came under contracts. but that there was something racial about chinese that made them inherently servile. inherently despotic because they were enslaved by other chinese

. >> seems to me our responsibility as leaders in china and the united states is to >> seems to me our responsibilities ofa and the united states, to ensure the competition between our countries does not veer into conflict, whether intended or unintended, just simple straightforward competition. laura: by competition the ccp gets what it wants while american workers and businesses get the shaft which can we trust the sanitized readout provided by the white house, the white house claimed president biden underscored the us remains committed to the one china policy and opposes attempts to undermine peace and stability across the taiwan strait but the ccp claims biden said he does not support i independence. so what did biden really say in his video chat with old friends? joining us is bill haggerty. gordon chang, one of the most brilliant writers on china affairs was on my podcast today and he said we need congressional inquiries into what was committed to or discussed in this call because we can't stress this readout. >> i totally agree. is great at this. we see old friends get together and are aware of the

a lot of it is competition between the united states and china, economic competition. i think the former president's rhetoric blaming china for the coronavirus is just one small aspect of that. you know, i think it has more to do with the relative position of the united states and china in the world economy and this idea that actually both countries have, unfortunately, that each one's prosperity can only come at the expense of the other. so there you have, i think, both sides a very heavy nationalistic rhetoric. but that competition with china was down to chinese americans, asian-americans and we are then the target of that. >> yeah. we'll come back to that in a moment. i wanted to just go back to your notion of slaying the cooley myth. and so there was this -- this ideology that the chinese were a cooley race and slaves, a threat to free labor, a threat to women. how did -- i mean what role did cooley-ism play in the passing of the exclusion laws an the violence which we'll get to in a moment. and what efforts did the chinese make to fight the myth, i think that is a