it was fault -- fought elsewhere in the united states. the revolutionary war lasted seven and a half years. since i'm sure most of you are americans you know very little about the revolution -- [laughter] that is because we deny that we had one. it was actually a 30 to 40 year event from 1762 about 1800 and the location of the capital is very much a metaphor for what happened constitutionally during that revolution. more property was appropriated, taken by the states in the united states during that revolution and more people fled france during the french revolution. like all revolutions, pretty much a minority event. probably a third of the people supported it. it had an ideology. republicanism. the belief that a people were capable of governing themselves and they did not need a king or some strong executive figure. secondly, there was something called the westward course toward empire. there was a sense that empire, the concept, had a life of its own and since the time of the fertile crescent in egypt, it had been progressively travelin

was named. when united states botanic garden was named in the 1850's, officially at that time, botanic garden was en vogue. today we typically say botanical garden. so, after george washington laid out a vision for the united states botanic garden in the late 1700's, there was not too much action. the country was going through a lot of changes. we were setting in on a location for the capitol, for the white house, l'enfant the city planner for washington, d.c., was famous ly laying out his design for the city that was going to be realized. and we had a lot going on. there was the war of 1812, and several other major occurrences that made the overall planning or execution of the planning of washington, d.c., take more time than the founding fathers had intended. the united states botanic garden, after being endorsed by george washington, got a much-needed shot in the arm from another founding father in james madison. james madison was a prominent member of an institution early on in the history of washington, d.c., called the colombian institute. it was a gentlemanly, scholarly society that was de

public school and having your story postured all over the media, not just in california, but the united states, was traumatising. >> not only did misty copeland face the challenge of her skin colour, but her body type, featured in a national commercial. today misty copeland wants to pave the way for children of all ballerinas. >> to set an example, to push as hard as i can to make it as far as i can in the ballet world so they'll have an easier pass. >> i spoke to the ballet theatre soloist about her life story recently, in new york. tell me about the moment you discovered ballet. >> i say it discovered me, or it found me. it happened - well, dance was always just a part of my natural state as a child. it's something that i - whenever music played, i was dancing. it became an escape to me, that i don't think i realised was that for many years. it was a way to escape the chaos of being one of six children, so many different things. >> and moving a lot. >> and moving a lot. so many things that weren't ideal as a child, and movement became that escape for me. when i was 13, i tried out for the dance t

those in the united states -- the united states was a powerful nation without an enemy of to -- without an anatomy -- without an enemy. this is, again, an interesting and challenging. -- challenging period, and i hope the panel will talk about how they managed and maneuvered through it. >> thank you all very much. sandy, maybe we should begin at the beginning? as professor strong said, you studied history very carefully. you said clinton's operating style was to solicit advice from people from a wide range of backgrounds and experiences, but it occurs to me that you all, to some degree, were deprived of the lessons of history as you came to office, at least the foreign policymaking and the cold war era was potentially no longer relevant to the world that you are suddenly faced with. or perhaps it was. i wonder what intellectual traditions you found yourself drawing on? >> was great, i think we were nestled between two events that were closer to us. one was the end of the cold where -- cold war and the collapse of the soviet union which had shaped america upon role in the world for 45 ye

united states related to the growing of cotton. but if you look at it as trade in the united states the majority was cotton. the united states matter to the global economy because of this. that is how the united states came to play an important role in this was literally on the stage. >> i have had the pleasure of reading the book and i don't want to give too much away and i have lots of them and nothing but tremendous respect for the work. so one of the central issues that you're trying to deal with here is the great convergence. and you kind of preview this argument or introduced it to us in the talk. but the great convergence required a certain kind of state and the europeans had other political structures in other regions of the globe. it made me wonder, are you sort of implying there that they're other political formations and capable of the same sort of violence the europeans states are capable of to perpetuate to create capital populism? and also was it because we had this very violent state in creating this world i was left to wonder what you thought were how you kind of think about liberalism. is it

united states had. when we were founded we were, quote, these united states, emphasizing it was the states not the nation. we had a problem of this sort, the economy of the south and the economy of the north divers, moral understanding of what the united states meant, divers and we met at gettysburg for of great conference and we agreed at gettysburg with much blood and violence and wars that this was one nation under god, indivisible, with hopefully liberty and justice for all. who will die to preserve the european union? who will go to gettysburg? where will the grand army of the republic be raised from? there is no center of gravity in europe beyond the economic center. the basic reality of europe a continent of nation states. tiexiera note who share note fate, remains the case. it is interesting how they have to do it. the european central bank will not distribute its money. each of the national banks will print the money and they are allowed to buy only their own debt because no nation wants to be liable for another nation's irresponsibility. each nation wants to control how it spents. they don't wa

was his address the united nations in spanish. it was the first time that a representative of the united states of america had addressed the united nations in a line which other than english. it was quite well-received. it was very much appreciated by his latin american colleagues in the body. after the vietnam war, he received hundreds, probably thousands, of letters from returned veterans seeking his support and all sorts of matters, principally in getting their benefits that they had earned as military serving the united states. in his earlier days of his career, dr. garcia had a contract with the government for which he was paid two dollars per soldier to treat their medical needs because there was no veterans administration hospital here. he was the only dr. serving the mexican american community. we have three letters here dealing with the vietnam era. we have a letter of appeal for help from one soldier, handwritten, you notice. another letter from a soldier in 1974. this is a letter to senator benson from dr. garcia trying to pursue senator benson's assistance and getting some information for this woman who has contacted d

hana was one of the most attractive, really beautiful blue-eyed blonde, czechoslovakian intelligence officers working in the united states. she's an elusive woman to track down. she was part of a team. she and her husband came as a unit. they work as a unit. and they left as a unit. so we will get into the story. you might discover somewhere along the way here, while i am delivering a powerpoint presentation, powerpoint is not my friend. the young man in the back of this room named memphis. memphis is my friend. so, we will start out -- [video clip] >> the first foreign agent ever planted inside the cia -- karl koecher was born in czechoslovakia 50 years ago, charged with passing u.s. secrets and the names of intelligence agents to the commonest homeland. the fbi said he was trained to becomea a mole inside the cia. he worked for the agency from the 1970 -- >> from 1973 for 20 years. he worked in the united states for 20 years spying for the czechoslovakian intelligence service, which meant spying for the kgb and the russians because it was a direct line. it went through czechoslovakia, but his real masters were back in

as a result, a sniper school was founded by the united states army infantry school in 1955-1956 to pass on these lessons learned. it was noted a well trained sniper is the best protection against enemy snipers. they must be experts with specialized weapons and combat skills. also thereir commanders' education in this area is vital. the sniper program was short-lived. but vietnam revised the need for snipers because of enemy forces in vietnam, illustrating the effectiveness of sniper techniques under varying tactical conditions. united states snipers in vietnam used 2.3 rounds per kill versus thousands of rounds per kill expended by conventional units. for these reasons, the army conducted sniper courses and educated commanders on all levels on sniper employment. in grenada, army snipers were successful at ranges of up to 800 meters. during recent action "just cause" in panama, the longest confirmed kill documented was 925 meters. snipers in panama accounted for at least 10% of all casualties and were instrumental in intelligence gathering and security, especially around the papal nuncio

it is the first time that it is published that the united states was directly involved. significant is that? why is it important to learn that now? >> it is significant because of the danger. i can't confirm the specific operation, but the united states approach to this was a defensive technique to protect american from a further attack. the cian is prohibited of assassinations under the order. but allowed to undertake to defend ourselves that it are lethal and if the u.s. government participated as the washington post said. those are the terms under which we would have participated. >> when you look at obama administration with osama bin laden killed. the president ran to the mike claim i killed this guy. the bush administration was in pour in 2008 and you never heard a word from them and that would have been just as important as osama bin laden. >> everyone looked at israel. oh israel must have done. this how unusual for the cia to target individuals like this? are we doing something similar today? >> look after 9/11, the rules were changed up to 2001, you know executiv

the life expectancy of a man and there was starvation misery, suffering now we have the backlash of the extreme. and we pay attention to this in the united states. plus there was this talk and so forth and that was seen as a hostile place. and my question is -- i wanted to comment on that. >> sure. >> the united states is 25% of the world economy and therefore bears responsibility even by default in some way for this. however, the question of europe is a european question and the intent to shift the burden to the united states is shifting the burden of the civil war and the british. one of the things that happens when this happens is what happened in russia ultimately was the russian doing. what happened in the united states was ultimately the american doing. as for the europeans the gdp of europe is greater than the united states if they wish to stabilize the situation in russia, nobody would stop them. but of course the germans didn't want to stabilize the situation in greece or spain, so even less. the idea that had the united states engaged in trying to rebuild russia and the united states would not be resented deeply for rebuilding russia,

and officially the united states was a neutral country. it wanted officially to do business with all the parties, the idea of freedom of information so they allow this literature to come in. they were tracking it, they were aware of it, the embassies in the united states trying to influence public opinion as well. though wilson administration was very concerned about being pushed 1-way or the other. a lot of posturing by the combatant countries but also there was a sensitivity to influence domestic public opinion and that is a political issue as well especially in 1916 election where you now have your being at war for two years and the question is what is the united states going to do it? it is clear the united states is trading heavily with great britain and france and russia with germany. then there is a question of germany itself is an occupying country, occupying belgium and luxembourg as well as northern france. one of the big themes for britain, belgium and france is ed discussion that the german army in its willingness to break an i

we are seeking normal relations with the united states. it was not the united states come up it was us, that that provided daily contact, and it is not us who withdrew from the abm treaty. it was not us who refused to ratify the cfe treaty. we have to pick up the pieces and carry on. we must agree on a new system of security where everyone can feel safe, including ukraine, including georgia, including those whom our american colleagues, but they made a choice. you've got to reduce your cooperation with russia. i know that ambassadors receive such instructions. i can see a short while ago, gave an interview where he heard that nato is the most peaceloving alliance in the world. and who bombed yugoslavia? who dropped bombs on libya in violation of the un security council resolution. such unilateral action can have the kind of result that we are witnessing in the middle east right now. it is not important to us whether nato is a model security organization. it should be an equal part of partner in the dialogue to ensure security and stability, so wh

this was same problem to united states had one we were founded and recalled these united states emphasizing the states. we had a problem of this sort, which was the economy of the south and the economy at the north the verge, the moral understand what the united states meant diverse and we met at his work for a great conference and we agreed with as much blood and violence in order that this was one nation under god, indivisible but hopefully liberty and justice for all. who will die to preserve the european union? who will go to gettysburg? where will the grand army of the republic be raised from? there is no center of gravity of europe beyond the economic center. the basic reality of europe, which is the nation -- a continent of nations gave to share no fate remains the case. we've just seen the decision by the european central bank to do what is called kiwi which is print money. too little too late, but they will print money. it's very interesting to find how they have to do it. the european central bank will not distribute this money. each of the national banks would print the money and

he had a motto when he was in iraq, in charge of surveillance of the iraqi population against whom the united states waged war, which was, collect it all. >> what do you say to the people who are like, i don't do anything wrong, i don't care if they see my emails or hear my calls? people who say that don't actually believe it. they put locks on their bedroom and bathroom doors. every time somebody says to me i have nothing to hide, i don't care about privacy, i always say to them, please give me all the passwords to your email accounts and your facebook account. nobody has ever taken me up on that offer because we instinctively as human beings know that we crave privacy. j. edgar hoover had information on everybody in congress and the white house. this now is information on them and everybody in the country. and everybody in the world really. >> before edward snowden, there was william binney: a former senior official at the nsa who helped develop some of the early technology being used in the data collection programs. >> he says 9/11 was a turning point for the agency. he left his job just weeks af

pickup truck and managed to get and underneath the portico and exploded and it was the 1st suicide bombing against the united states which was a a huge mystery to us at the time. it mystified the fbi that the guys who had made the explosives actually right around the firing device so they're was know signature on the bomb. there always signatures on bonds. there was none on that. the truck and truck and been stolen the suicide bomber we cannot identify. such a thorough explosion that they're was know trace on the wall and this clearly is of such professionalism that no one in the united states government had ever seen this. you are presenting me with this mystery to try to solve >> you can watch this and other programs online. >> is a look at some books being published this week. barcomb and explores the increasing ways technology is making people's personal information vulnerable. bruce hoffman recounts the three decade-long effort that led to the founding of israel in an anonymous soldiers. the economic impact of global warming. in discontent and civilizations a collection of essays on topics ranging from interna

the united states was not at war. ted states utilized jordan the kingdom of jordan to have the car bomb to riven through. it was associated with israel in the strike. of course, there is a different standard for the goose and a different standard for the gander. there's been no real international questioning of what has happened. there's been no real outrage. i'm not surprised at the security council this question wasn't raised about using this kind of violence. meanwhile, 2005, the man is still inside the root. a major politician in lebanon. there's been a huge u.n. process of trying to uncover who killed him. here, cia officials are directly saying that they conducted in assassination and damascus and there is been absolutely no condemnation of it. >> professor, will you have two minutes and we want to deal president obama's trip to saudi arabia. start with saudi arabia. >> the united states has begun to put a lot of eggs into the basket of saudi arabia hoping they'll have state of the lysing the situation. stabilize

thank you very much. >>> when we come back his father was a president of the united states, his brothersident of the united states. now we're going to see what jeb bush is trying to do to put a little distance between himself and his dad and his brother. he's delivering a major national security speech. stand by. meet the world's newest energy superpower. surprised? in fact, america is now the world's number one natural gas producer... and we could soon become number one in oil. because hydraulic fracturing technology is safely recovering lots more oil and natural gas. supporting millions of new jobs. billions in tax revenue... and a new century of american energy security. the new energy superpower? it's red, white and blue. log on to learn more. it's happening. today, more and more people with type 2 diabetes are learning about long-acting levemir® an injectable insulin that can give you blood sugar control for up to 24 hours. and levemir® helps lower your a1c. levemir® comes in flextouch® the only prefilled insulin pen with no push-button extension. levemir® lasts 42 days without ref

he was chief justice of the united states for those 34 years. and as i say was probably the individual who in the history of the land probably had the most dramatic impact on the sheet and power of our federal government today. if thomas jefferson had have appointed a justice of the united states, we would be looking at a very different government today, three different federal government. but at the same time the thing people don't realize is the entire time john marshall sat on the supreme court as the chief justice, he also looked at a trial judge in the eastern district, what would have been the circuit court for the eastern district of virginia. it was named the circuit court because every supreme court justice had a circuit and in those days there was inconvenience and discomfort and all that sort of thing. when he was chief justice marshall spent two months a year in washington. he spent ten months a year either in virginia or north carolina writing as a trial judge. that meant that he impaneled juries, sentenced criminals from a pooled on

it is unclear when this money man arrived in the united states. he wasere long enough to open up a string of kiosks up and down the east coast of malls in virginia beach, savannah as well as philadelphia. he did overstay his visa. about two years ago, he signed up as a part-time student at a technical college here in new york. unclear if that was an attempt to stay in the united states legally once his visa expired. right now, the fbi looking and following the money trail and tracking down the other individuals. christine. >> thanks, deb. interesting. recruiting arm of isis reaching into canada. six young people from quebec including two women, left the country to join isis in january alone. at least three of them attended a college in montreal. students there stunned by the news. >> it just makes us think what were they thinking. >> i can't believe that some students could have their mind blown by that and leave the country to go there. >> a teacher at the college who caught arabic and koran studies course has been linked to a student who had join isis.

>> arming one group against a larger group, the united states was armed by the french in the war of independencethout that, i'm not sure we would have won. we are arming rebels in africa and angola, so arms can make a difference. but let's understand what's happening in ukraine. in ukraine, a country which chose an open society which chose a democracy was first invaded by russia and croox and crimea and crimea was annexed. there was no spontaneous repel i don't know in the east. the russians organized supplied and provided leadership for the outbreak in the east of the quote unquote insurgency which was manufactured in the kremlin. alex barade ink a moscow consult, and fsb colonel. this was a rebellion manufactured in moscow. now a ceasefire was established in theory in september. since that ceasefire in september the separatists armed led financed quipped by moscow have gained 500 square kilometers. over 225 ukrainian soldiers have died in this period. we suggest giving ukraine defensive arms because mr. putin has a very serious vulnerability. his people do not want russian soldiers fighting in

the united states was at war. ability to convert the american economy using the gnp information would be critical for our survival. our war program for the coming fiscal year will cost $56 billion or, in other words more than half of the estimated annual national income. we shall produce 60,000 planes. we shall produce 45,000 tanks. we shall produce 55,000 anti-aircraft guns. we must convert every plant and tool to war production. when roosevelt led the country into world war ii, he depended heavily on the gnp framework to predict our military strength. the economy exploded during those four years. 17 million new jobs were created. the index of industrial production doubled. the gnp grew $75 billion. richard gill points out that estimates of gnp were helpful during the war. without knowing our real gnp we could not have judged how much war production was possible. we needed to know how many goods would be left over for civilian consumption and what taxes the government would have to levy. look at our circular flow

a dna match was finally made and today they are here to bury him. the boy's mother lives in the united states, and was trying to bring her son there. >> the gangs not the state, were setting the rules you pay me or you die. that's a rule. your children will be a part of my group or they'll be ousted or killed that's another rule. your daughters will serve me or my group as sexual partners, or they'll be ousted or killed. that's another rule. those are the rules, the state doesn't have the capacity to overcome those rules in those communities. >> two of these gangs formed in los angeles, where many refugees of the salvadoran civil war had settled. >> president reagan addressed joint sessions of congress in the 80s saying that central america was the last frontier -- that the communists were to come to america and to the us if the us did not draw a line there. and guess what they decided to draw a line in my country. >> while the us sent aid south salvadorans fled north. >> we were ruled by violence and as a society we responded to that ruling with violence. it's because we have lived in this k

was his address the united nations in spanish. it was the first time that a representative of the united states of america had addressed the united tions in a line -- in a language other than english. it was quiet were received. it was very much appreciated by his latin american colleagues in the body. after the vietnam war, he received hundreds, probably thousands, of letters from returned veterans seeking his support and all sorts of matters, principally in getting their benefits that they had earned as military serving the united states. in his earlier days of his career, dr. garcia had a contract with the government for which he was paid two dollars per soldier to treat their medical needs because there was no veterans administration hospital here. he was the only dr. serving the mexican american community. we have three letters here dealing with the vietnam era. we have a letter of appeal for help from one soldier, handwritten, you notice. another letter from a soldier in 1974. this is a letter to senator benson from dr. garcia trying to pursue senator benson's assistance and getting some information for this woman who has co

european union was a treaty a treaty of sovereign nations that can go their own way that was not a united states of europe which came out more and more and more. here was the fundamental problem of europe. germany at its heart is the 4th largest economy in the world. it exports 50 percent of its gdp. one one half of that going to the free trade zone of europe. germany needs a free trade zone desperately. so belligerent, a bit of a bluff, guys. they are in huge trouble. imagine imagine if the united states exported 50 percent of its gdp and half of that went to mexico. what would be the condition? the germans used the yellow because they had to to set prices in way that is facilitating both their exports and protecting them from massive inflation. the tax structure of europe and the fact that nearly going bankrupt does not mean that the people you have laid off are not your problem. so we are in the poor countries and you would expect massive risk-taking. it did not occur but when it occurred as occurred in the black market because no one can afford the taxes. there was know google that was going

they've also been exposed to the modernity of that and israel is a part of that picture and the united states wasculptor and architect in essentially the security guarantor for that. much bigger problem is not that. it's fear throughout the region that the united states is not playing the role that it once used to play in the region and that a void has emerged that groups like isis are filling or iran and its transnational networks are filling and that's why there is, in many of these countries, less jordan than in places like kuwait, saudi arabia, bahrain and others are in the private sector continuing to send money and to privately support groups like isis or now al nusra because they believe that these groups are the only check on growing iranian power because the united states is absent and that the united states is only bombing from the air and fundamentally is not the kind of bold, decisive cutting-edge power that it used to be. so -- so i would worry less about people not liking the united states than folks in the region doubting america's resolve to be engaged in the region. >> steve clem

that were anti-american directed at the united states, that same question arose, why could they possibly be so angry at us? it has evolved to the point where there was bafflement they were not grateful to the united states for all the freedom we brought them. this to me really underscores how completely muslims are excluded from anything we think about or talk about in the united states. themve debates about without their participation, we have discussions about what they are thinking without actually hearing what they are thinking. we have constant reports about who we are killing and how many people we are killing without ever stopping and thinking about who those people are or whether they have done anything that warranted that violence. so much so it was recently revealed a couple months ago by the new york times the obama administration has adopted a new definition of militants, which says that any military aged male and a strike zone, meaning any male who dies above the age of 16 or below the age of 55, is automatically deemed a militant without knowing anything else about them. this is how we have come to think about muslims, to the extent we

that they live in the unique part of the region and israel is a part of that picture and the united states was sculpture and architect and eventually the security guarantor for that. to the degree that these democracy like of the united states, the much bigger problem is not that it's fear throughout the region that the united states is not playing the role that it once used to play in the region and that a void has emerged that groups like isis are filling for iran and its transnational networks are filling. is and that is why there is in many of these countries, less jordan than places like kuwait saudi arabia bahrain and others are in the private sector continuing to send money and to privately support groups like isis because they believe ta these groups are the only check on growing iranian power because the united states is absent and that the united states is only bombing from the air and fully is not the kind of bold, decisive cutting edge party that it used to be. so i would worry less about people not liking the united states than folks in the region doubting america's resolve to be

it did try to have a prisoner exchange with isil, even though a major ally of the united states was pretty opposed to that the u.s. does not negotiate with so-called terrorists and expects its closest allies not to, especially a member of the international coalition against isil. that said, definitely, there are divisions, we understand, within isil. there were people who were trying to create problems in jordan but at the same time, there was that other camp that was really pushing for a prisoner exchange, so as not to lose popularity in jordan. there are isil sympathizers in jordan and people neutral toward isil. there was that idea if they killed muath al-kaseasbeh, more people in jordan would hate isil and they didn't want that to happen. as i said, there is that other camp that prevailed the camp that doesn't believe in negotiating with members of the coalition, not a number of prisoners could be enough in exchange for a high profile person like muath al-kaseasbeh, so that camp prevailed and he was executed. >> just a final brief thought. when this hits the morning papers tomorrow in

public school and having your story postured all over the media, not just in california, but the united states, was traumatising. >> not only did misty copeland

hernandez, whom the united states was so eager to facilitate that his wife gets pregnant through artificial which i never heard of that for someone convicted of killing americans. >> since then, the five have returned to cuba and given a hero's welcome and hernandez returned to his wife who gave birth to a baby girl this month thanks in part to senator lehe. >> he killed and defoyed and he was returned to cuba thanks to the u.s. government and president obama. >> some feel betrayed. but those who take the spectacle personally. >> he is a murderer and i think it is sad that our president let him walk out of the door. >> this is the daughter of one of the men who died in the shoot down because of the cuban five. he'd escaped cuba at age of ten and served as a u.s. marine and became an american citizen. mar lean believes that president obama solid out all that her father believed america stood for. >> my father fought to bring democracy to cuba and it would hurt him terribly that the country that he could have begin his life for has complete plea dishonored his memory. the mysterious part of t