while i speak to dr brought pan county about all this, he's a senior clinical lecturer at the university of accept or medical school and he's joining via skype from bath in the u. k. always good to have you with us on algebra, dr. katia, many countries in africa as you heard and heard, they don't have enough vaccines or simply running out coffee 19 is no doubt breeding nationalism. how, how worrying and damaging is in fact the nationalism we're seeing and watch the solution in your view to equitable vaccine distribution. it will be, is very worrying. and it also is a disgrace that we have forgotten about the plight of africa and other countries. and i think africa and the other countries whoa, been deprived of these vaccines, must not forget what has happened to them. the way forward i feel is like president joe biden has already addressed this is to relax the payton rules and name bo regional countries regional parts of the world to manufacture the vaccines. even if it takes 6 months to set up plant and start manufacture. it is still better than nothing, because if you don't do anything you will

go to a physical testing center during the pandemic we got a lot of institutions accepting our tests. for example, a lot of universitiesow accept our tests. if you look for example, top u.s. universities according to "u.s. news and report" 17 of top 20 accept tests proving english efficiency for international students interesting part of our business and about 9% of our revenue now. >>> and talked about premium rate bringing users into the duolingo ecosystem more than 500 million dpoen loads, but converting to paying customers tougher only 3% of users pay for that premium service. how important is it for you to grow that rate and what's the strategy there >> yeah. actually about 5% of our monthly attributes pay for the premium service and we feel pretty good about that that penetration keeps growing and seems to be growing about 1 percentage point per year. one year ago 4%. two years ago 3% we have more and more people subscribing by basically us adding more features to the premium offering you know, turning off ads is one feature. added many more and we think that will, over time, just continue going up. we see, for e

universities across scotland. they're a sobering reminder of the scale of the problem across the country. professor lesley mcmillan researches sexual violence at universities. is there an acceptance scale of this problem? no, i don't think there's an acceptance across all institutions. i think some institutions have accepted it and are taking active steps to deal with it. universities are concerned to some degree about institutional reputation. and maybe people haven't been so ready to want to talk about it or acknowledge it because of, maybe, fears or concerns around how it might impact institutional reputation, but the crucial first step is to accept there's a problem. professor mcmillan is part of fearless glasgow, a collaboration between universities and colleges in the west of scotland. it's launching a pilot scheme for an online tool called report and support, designed to better assist survivors. the system also gathers data to help institutions tackle the problem collectively. all universities in the area have signed up... ..bar one — the university of glasgow. in the summer of 2019, rumours began to circulate around campus about the behaviour of a high—profile former stud

pulitzer prize winning journalist nikole hannah-jones declining the university of north carolina's offer of tenure, instead accepting faculty role at historically black howard university. the pulitzer prize winning journalist and creator of the 1619 project had been chosen as unc's knight chair in race and journalism. despite the recommendation bit school's tenure committee, her tenure was initially denied by the unc board of trustees. after protests from alumni, faculty, and students, the board changed its decision and offered her tenure at the end of june, an offer she then turned down. nikole hannah-jones joins me in and out of nikole, good to see you. since we last talked, boy, you've had a lot going on in your life. i'll get to your decision to go to howard in just a minute. i want to get to some things happening in the news. your 1619 project remains a rallying cry for those at the right. this is south carolina governor kristi noem at the cpac conference. >> the 1619 project, critical race theory, is hate, division, it's not american. it's offensive. we do not have racism in our dan in -- in our dna in this co

. >> listen, the hope of landing on a universally accepted set of facts over what led to the deadly capitolction was diminished earlier but today it's out the window. house minority leader kevin mccarthy has pulled all five and says republicans will conduct their own investigation into the attack. that came came moments after speaker pelosi rejected jim jordan and jim banks. >> speaker pelosi has denied the minority picks for the select committee on january 6th. this represents something that has not happened in the house before for a select committee. it's an egregious abuse of power. pelosi has broken this institution. >> as you said a busy day in news room. it all happened so quickly. walk us through how we got here. >> reporter: well, it really started in the aftermath of the refusal of the senate republicans to allow an outside bipartisan commission to move forward. they blocked that in the senate. there were not ten republicans because of concerns they viewed that that outside commission would have been evenly divided by ten people selected by both sides. not only members of congress

pulitzer prize-winning journalist nikole hannah-jones declining the university of north carolina's offer of tenure. instead she's acceptingcally black howard university. the pulitzer prize-winning journalist and creator of the 1619 project had been chosen as unc's chair in race and journalism and despite the recommendation by the school's tenure committee, her tenure was initially denied by the board of trustees. after protests from alumni, faculty and students the board changed its decision and offered her tenure at the end of june, an offer she then turned down. nikole hannah-jones joins me now. thank you so much. good to see you. since we last talked, boy, you had a lot going on in your life. i'm going to get to your decision to go to howard in just a minute, but i just want to get some things in that are happening in the news. just this weekend, we saw how your 1619 project remains a rallying cry for those on the right. i want you to listen. this is south dakota governor kristi noem at the cpac conference. here it is. >> the 1619 project, critical race theory is hate, division, and it's not american. it's offensive. w

well, that sounds to me like a rather middle-of-the-road if not conservative position, not accepted universally of course look at the victory the opponents of the enola gay exhibit on the ball and the air and space museum in the mid-'90s one. conservatives when these battles as well as people on the left or liberals here and so there's no particular stable say follow for any kind of historical interpretation of the political spectrum. in the third-place, there are many varieties of revisionist history, and i tried to give these varieties some names. all of you might find a different way to distinguish different times i revisionist history but you might even think the exercise that i put myself through to do so is irrelevant. i don't because to say that something is revisionist history, it's like saying ice is cold or milk is white picket doesn't say very much and will have to ask yourself when speaking of different, fresh challenging interpretations where it fits on a spectrum of revisionist history, what kind of revisionist history it is. and so i nessie revisionist history as falling into a n

it's a growing issue to address within our university system, i think what we seen over time there's a lot of university and colleges that are willing to accept a lot of funding from the chinese government and chinese backed institution without disclosing to make it apparent, what is that relationship and what does that relationship until and what does not entail. >> can i ask you how do you sort the purpose of the students being here, there is some field as a student or as a graduate researcher or professor that has no real impact on u.s. security. >> there's probably some area between retard to make a call, how do you sort that. >> was to the vast majority of chinese nationals coming over in the hard science versus more of what you would classify as liberal arts degrees, we see them in the stem field and elsewhere which is concerning but i think it comes back to the transparency and disclosure making sure that we can but these individuals and look into what types of programs are they going to study in the u.s., and where do they study in china perhaps and who is backing them what's their end goal. asking these questions with a variety of di

university system. there's a lot of colleges and universities willing to accept funding from the chinese government or chinese-backed institutions without disclosing, without making it apparent what is that relationship and what does that relationship entail. that's what we need to see more of at the end of the day. >> how do you sort the purpose of the students being here? there are some that have no impact on security. then there are some that have a strong impact. >> we see the majority of chinese nationals coming over more in the hard sciences rather than liberal arts degrees. we see them in the s.t.e.m. fields, which is concerning. it comes back to that transparency and that disclosure, making sure we can vet these individuals and look into what types of programs are they going to study in the u.s. and where did they study in china perhaps and who's backing them,who's providing the funding for them to come over. asking these questions, making them be transparent about that. we see ties to universities back in china that obviously have a direct tie to the military. that's concerning when you're studying a variet

. >>> renowned journalist nicolle hannah jones has declined the university of north carolina's offer of tenure and she is instead accepting was initially denied by the board of trustees. >> she won the pulitzer prize for her work on the 1619 project which examines the consequences of slavery in the united states. that project has been attacked by conservative critics and politicians and hannah-jones says she was never told why her ten yu was denied, but speaking this morning she suspects politics and race and gender played a role. >> i went through the tenure process and received unanimous approval to be granted tenure. so to be denied it and to have the vote occur on the last possible day at the last possible moment after threat of legal action, after weeks of protest, after it became a national scandal, it is not something that i want anymore. >> hillary rosen is a member of the board of trustees at howard university and a cnn political commentatory. thanks for being with us. we know that she will now be a tenured professor at howard university. you are on the board. i am an alumnus. when i saw the alert this morning i

journalist nikole hannah-jones turning down a tenured teaching position at the university of north carolina, instead accepting professor position at howard university in washington, d.c. she was initially denied tenure at unc until hannah-jones protested. she blames did on her groundbreaking work on the 1619 project. that was when the first slave ship arrived. hannah-jones saying in a statement, these last few weeks have been very dark. to be treated so shabbily by my alma mater, by a university who has given me so much who i only sought to give back to has been deeply painful. >>> we'll be right back. more. it's the simple act of enjoying time with friends, knowing you understand your glucose levels. ♪ you need an ecolab scientific clean here. and here. which is why the scientific expertise that helps operating rooms stay clean now helps the places you go too. look for the ecolab science certified seal. [tv announcer] come on down to our appliance superstore where we've got the best deals on refrigerators, microwaves, gas ranges and grills. and if you're looking for... when you let nature just do its thing..

a pulitzer prize winning journalist is ending a tenure controversy at the university of north carolina chapel hill by accepting, a piece that put the history of the united states into context with the arrival of the first slave ship that year. her tenure was initially denied by the unc board of trustees, but the decision was reversed after protests from alumni, faculty, and students. hannah-jones will be joined by author coates. she will found a new center for journalism and democracy. she said she never wanted the public scandal of the tenure battle. >> it was humiliating. it was deeply hurtful, and it was enraging because as you know, you don't grow up a black child in this country without being told that you have to work twice as hard to get half as far, that you have to be twice as good. but i've been that. and to do everything that you are told to do to be successful and then have them change the rules at the end at a school that i am an alum of, and for a job that i didn't seek out but that i was recruited for. >> what has happened is that the black students and the white students and students of all rac

university system. and i think what we have seen over time, and there's a lot of university colleges out there that are willing t accept a lot of funding from the chinese government, or chinese-backed institutions, without disclosing or making it apparent what is that relationship. and what does that relationship entail. i think that is what we need to see more of at the end of the day. >> can i ask you, how do you sort the purpose of the students being here. clearly there's some feel they can go into as a student, or as a graduate researcher, or as a professor. it has no real impact on u.s. security. and then there's probably some area in between, so how do you make a call how do you sort that? >> i thinwe see the vast majority of chinese nationals coming over are in the hard sciences, more than in the liberal arts degree. we certainly see them in the stem field, and elsewhere and that is concerning. but i think it comes back to that transparency, and that disclosure. making sure that we can, that we can look into these individuals, and what type of programs are they going to study in the u.s.. and where did they stud

journalist nikole hannah-jones turning down a tenured teaching position at the university of north carolina, instead acceptingnitially denied tenure at unc until hannah-jones -- faculty protested. she blames did on her groundbreaking work on the 1619 project. that was when the first slave ship arrived. hannah-jones saying in a statement, these last few weeks have been very dark. to be treated so shabbily by my alma mater, by a university who has given me so much who i only sought to give back to has been deeply painful. >>> we'll be right back. this may look like a regular movie night. but if you're a kid with diabetes, it's more. it's the simple act of enjoying time with friends, knowing you understand your glucose levels. ♪ the time is now. to stop talking. to start doing. time to create clean energy jobs. it's time to inspire, to hire, to build. and to lead. it's time to shine. and to move. time to punch the clock, roll up our sleeves and get to work to fight climate change. our president put forward a plan to create clean energy jobs in big cities, small towns, and everywhere in between. now it's time for

research project to better understand the benefits cliff on maryland residents using the basis of universally accepted report which stands for asset limited income and with those economic conditions of working-class families throughout the state within the report those household survival budgets to establish the minimum basic needs geographically and with inflation. to have a three family static model a single parent with two children and twowo parent to children household with inventory social service programs of which that benefit has a larger share of participation the results of twostudy indicate that parent households are penalized with the benefits cliff even if they receive housing assistance which is unlikely. two parent families one working full-time don't have enough resources to cover basicc survival budget expenses on both parents work minimum wage jobs to adult to children household is only better off and with that marginal increase in such as snap decreases whatever the two period families are not the only group negatively affected by the i benefits cliff going up to ten dollars and mary

so, when tom payton, the director of trinity university press invited me to be part of the new book they were preparing to republish, i accepted the invitation and committed to elevating the life and legacy of mary barra --parrish. a woman alone, though, some records indicate she was with her husband in tulsa, though her own account all but explicitly establishes her as a single mother. she managed to get this book done. she worked as a teacher in the local branch of the ymca in greenwood, teaching secretarial sciences, and ran her own school teaching those same skills. it was a time when many exceptional women, and certainly black women, took jobs as secretaries to gain entry into the workforce and help support their families and played an increasing role in the economy and society. when women would have been eager to learn these skills, so, mary parrish would have had strong demand for her business. by her own account, she had never worked for white people, although, many black women worked as domestics in white helmets. this was likely -- white homes. this was likely the mechanism by which black women saw the limited posses

university of british columbia. he says, world leaders must accept the climate change is no longer a future threat. it's already here. well this, this event, these he waved are clearly due to climate change. we've already had kind of forensic analysis sort of like the c s i team coming in after the crime scene looking for fingerprints. and then that analysis shows that the heat waves that we experienced in canada last week, we're more than 99 percent attributable to climate change. or another way to think about that, is there a $150.00 times or more, more likely to happen because of the human impact on the climate system. these are rare events that are becoming and incredibly more common because of climate change . and so there's really, there's really no doubt in the scientific community about that. you know, we're really getting to the key question. i mean we, what we're learning is that we cannot live with easily with climate change. the core of the problem is that the climate is changing faster than we can adapt right in the climate is changing because of human activity. so means we need to red

and i wasn't going to the university of alabama because i knew everything was segregated and they wouldn't accept me. there was a program where they would pay a portion of the tuition enrollment board for blacks if they wouldn't go to the university of alabama or auburn university for graduate school or professional school, but those courses they could not get the historical black school, alabama state, alabama a&m in tuskegee. the other part of that was i was going to take advantage of some money they would give us in order to go out of state to take those courses to keep us from going to the white schools. but i was going to become a lawyer, and this is the part i didn't tell them about. i told people i wanted to be a lawyer, but i didn't tell them what kind. i was going to finish law school, take the alabama bar exam, pass the bar exam, become a lawyer and destroy everything segregated i could find. that was my commitment as a youngster, an upper teenager in the cradle of the confederacy. my introduction of becoming a lawyer, and now i've been one for over 65 years. >> that's an extraordinary

has announced that said she will not join the faculty at the university of north carolina after an extended tenure fight. instead she's accepting a job at a historically black school, howard university. she explained her decision to gayle king yesterday, exclusively on "cbs this morning." >> to be denied it and to only have that vote occur on the last possible day at the last possible moment, after threat of legal action, after weeks of protests, after it became a national scandal, it's just not something that i want anymore. >> hannah-jones' tenure was initiallyni by thunc board tru week after protests from alumni, faculty, and students. some faculty at unc's journalism school wrote a public letter saying that the way the university treated her was racist. >>> the number of covid cases nationwide is on the rise as the delta variant spreads. the coronavirus has left tens of thousands of americans with chronic lung problems. nearly 150 have needed lifesaving transplants, including a 42-year-old father. carter evans introduces us to him. >> reporter: when covid came for the horbaczewski family, all five got it. but bob got it the

history of 1st generation lebanese australians, exploring the conflicts and the struggle for acceptance. once upon a time in punch bowl, on our 0, i was a bang energy to every part of our universe. more small. to continue the change all around the shape by technology and human ingenuity, we can make it work for you and your becoming a living legend of a young age with simply not enough. he transformed his influence on the pitch into political clout, the brought peace to the ivory coast. posted by eric comes to football rebels, the life of the drop by the football who succeeded, where politicians had not dropped the boy and civil war analogy there. oh, watching all just bear with me so hell, rosalind, reminder of our top news stories typhoon in far is hitting heavily populated regions in eastern china. it comes days after flooding 4000000 people from their homes and killed at least 58. thousands of people have been moved to emergency shelters. the typhoon has also hit taiwan, causing major damage in some areas. gusts of wind reach, 191 kilometers. now even though the eye of the storm states more than 300 kilometers out to see.

achievement as one of the world's longest serving leaders. university president praise the chancellor's science based response to the start of the corona virus pandemic ball. in her acceptance speech, chance a miracle. look back on the impact of the pandemic on people around the world to take a listen. and let's see if i think back my last night it's late in may. 2019. come on, come fuck. it's hard to imagine what has happened since this time, 2 years ago, very few people and the thought of a virus when they heard the word corona, but since 18 months. now we have seen how the world has been in the grip of this virus and how it isn't changed world as well. the chances are they're speaking at moments ago. do you wash and burn in a pole is on the white house lawn were joining her there. i see at some commotion behind you. people are getting ready for the chancellor's visit to the white house. but before we start talking about that, i want to get your take the chancellor has of course her visit is overshadowed by the catastrophic floods that we're seeing here in germany. and she addressed that with the she se, right, layla, you could really see and tell that she was really shak

history of such generation lebanese australian, exploring the conflict and the struggle for acceptance. once upon a time in punch bowl, on our 0, i was a bang energy game to every part of our universe. or small to continue the change all around the shape by technology and human ingenuity. we can make it work for you and your business. the 2020, the year of lock downs and social distance saying you can't reach across the screen and get someone to re explore is one of the global hands that makes the biggest side effects. loneliness. everyone who lives alone has been forced to be socially isolated for the 1st time ever highlighting its effects on physical and mental health and discovering unique ways of coping. controlling, being alone to get back to episode to of all hail the locked down on al jazeera. ah hello again, peter, they'll be here and how you top stories on al jazeera, at least 16 people have died in severe flooding in china as he none province. whether expert say, is the result of the heaviest rainfall in generations with more rain in the forecast. there's the possibility of them in the region could collapse at any time . katrina, you has more for us now from aging while w

so when tom paton, the director of trinity university press, invited me to be part of the new look. they were preparing to republish, i accepted the in the station and committed to elevating the life and legacy of mary parrish. a woman alone, and this is debatable because some records indicate that she was with her husband in tulsa, the her own account of her life in 1921 all but explicitly establishes her as a single mother to her daughter. she managed to get this book done. she worked as a teacher at the local branch of the ymca in greenwood, teaching the secretarial sciences. she ran her own school teaching those same skills. it was a time when many exceptional women, and certainly black women, took jobs is secretaries to gain entry into the workforce, help support their families, and thereby played an increasing role in the economy and society. when women -- women would have been eager to learn the skills, excuse me, so mary parrish would have had strong demands for her business. by her own account, she had never worked for white people, although many black women worked as domestics in white homes. of course, this was like

the likelihood of there being a universally accepted 9/11 commission styled report seems pretty unlikelyublicans and congress ultimately did not go with the bipartisan deal to create a bipartisan commission. instead, you will have a committee that will easily be portrayed as partisan. judy: so it will just hang over the next election and beyond unresolved. >> the real question is what kind of people will kevin mccarthy a point to this? will he put on firebrands, those that are donald trump acolytes -- that will not just push back ainst the commission findings but go full throated into these said conspiracy theories or will he put people on there that will look at this and maybe make some good recommendations but ultimately say that this was not the fault of president trump. whatever happened was not the fault of the president which is really what a lot of the debate at the impeachment was. we acknowledged these violent things happened. we cannot make the connection between donald trump asking them to do these things and creating that. judy: i want to ask you both about something presiden

it cannot happen so the likelihood of there being a universally accepted 9/11 commission style reportsms pretty unlikely at this point given that republicans in congress ultimately didn't go along with the bipartisan deal to create a by part san commission. instead you will have a committee that will easily be portrayed as partisan swons it just hangs over the next election and beyond as you just said unresolved. >> unresolved. the real question is what kind of people will kevin mccary appoint. is he going to put on the sort of fire brangd, the ones who are the trump accolytes who are going to not just pushack against the commission findings saying well, this is partisan, but really go full throated into many of these same conspiracy theories or will he put people on there who will look at this, maybe make some good recommendations but ultimately say this wasn't president trump's fault. whatever happened here, he was not the fault of the president. which is really a lot of what the debate about the impeachment was too. we acknowledge the violent things happened. you can't make the conn

foundation, the american battlefield trust, the university of virginia board of visitors, and for 15 years the texas historical commission. he only gave that b up to acceptdential appointment as the chair of the national advisory council on historic preservation where he served for nine years. john is a longtime trustee and generous supporter of the guilder lehrman, where in partnership first lady laura bush he created the national street teacher of the year program operating in all 50 states. now it is in its 17th year. he is also the founder of theen john now center for civil war history at uva with his illustrious faculty and programs. with a jury selected a historian for uva as the winner of the 2020 lincoln prize, we immediately asked john if you'd represent us in presenting the prize to her. here, to do that right now is our good friend john. >> good evening everyone. thank you, jim, for that very kind introduction. tonight, it is my honor to join you to present the 2020 lincoln prize on behalf of of dick guilder and lou lehrman. established in 1990 the gilder lehrman lincoln prize is awarded annually for the finest scholarly work in english on abr

understand the impact of the benefits on maryland residents using the basis of the unitedndd way universal -- universally accepted by analysis report which stands for asset limited income constrained employed which highlights on the overall economic challenges in the social economic conditions of working-class families throughout the state. within the report we arere ableo identify a household survival budget which establishes them minimum basic need budget adjusted it geographically and with inflation. we were able to create a three familiesog that it model consisting of a single individual household a single parent with two children and a two-parent, two children household. we used an inventory of traditional social service soprograms of which app benefits have a larger share in social programs. the results ofam our study indicate that two-parent households are penalized on the benefit cliff even if they receive housing assistance which is oftentimes unlikely and the maximum tax credit. two-parent families with one persontwo working full-time at minembwe should not have enough resources to cover the a sick surv

. >>> speaking of social media, it turns out laughing until you cry is a universally accepted language. >> the laugh and cry emoji which is the most popular in the world. researchers analyze millions of tweets in 30 countries and the laugh cry image is the most used. even more than the traditional smiley face. this is a reminder that despite differences, the emotions we feel are the same worldwide. >> i was just looking and i am surprised that is my number one. >> remember the other study that said it was for old people? do you remember that? >> i do remember that. >> the sideways one is not for old people. >> that is the cool one. >> so i'm cool. >> why do i have crown so high up? >> i love that. there are so many queens in my life. >> i say king allowed to people. >> uplift your friends, mike. >> stay positive. i like it. hopefully a smile and not laughing. >> we will be the judge of that. >> this is san jose and 87. cloud cover and like yesterday where we start our placentia and. widespread clouds and patchy drizzle. that is going to lock in a springlike afternoon. the coolest after

university of north carolina. the board of trustees initially denied her tenure only to reverse that decision after protests from alumni, faculty and students. she has now acceptedaculty position at howard university, tenured position and will take on new roles focussing on race and investigative journalism. joining me now is creator of the 1619 project nicole hanna jones, if i can call you professor or soon to be professor, listen, thank you so much for joining us. your statement, something jumped out at me in the statement you released overnight and i want you to explain what you meant by it. you said at some point when you have proven yourself and fought your way into constinstitutions built for you, you have to decide that you are done forcing yourself in. what did you mean by that? >> well, as i also -- first, thank you for having me. but as i also said in the statement, i've been trying to prove myself in predominantly-white and historically white institutions really my entire life. i started being bussed into white schools as part of a voluntary desegregation order in the second grade and i've spent my life since then really trying to prove that i was goo

university. i'm excited and honored to accept this position, to be a part of this community and to be a part of this u.c.s. project. i want to first thank the apri for the leadership development to prepare me for this opportunity. next, i want to thank my family for always being here and supporting me. [applause] this park is a symbol of hope. it starts with us. i really want to help this community in different ways and it starts with this park. thank you, thank you. i want to encourage all youth of all ages and all races to help this community. so together we can change how the bay view looks. it starts with the youth, so when we get older we can be in the same position that everyone else is. but thank you for your time. [applause] >> all right, thank you so much, darryl. and, again, that's just one very small example of making sure that we invite our young people to participate on this project and build equity from within. so we're going to just acknowledge a couple more folks from our mohcd, eric shaw, and thank you so much for coming. from oewd and city build, ken nim, our trades workers over he

understand the impact of the clip effects and benefits on maryland resident using the basis of united ways universally accepted by emmanuel produced out this report which stands for asset limited income constrain employed which highlight some of the overall economic challenges and social economic conditions of working-class families throughout the state. within the alis reform were able to identify the standards of household survival budget which establishes a minimum basic need budgeted adjusted both geographically and with inflation. from there we were able to create three family static models consisting of a single individual household, a single parent with two children and a two paired two children household. we used an inventory of traditional state-supported social service programs of which s.n.a.p. benefit has a larger share of participation among the states social programs. the results of our study indicate that two. two parent households are penalized by the benefits clip even if they receive housing assistance which is oftentimes unlikely and the maximum health insurance tax credit. two two parent fa

i wasn't going to apply to the university of alabama because i knew everything was segregated and they would not accept me. but, i would finish, get enrolled in somebody's law school, take advantage of a program the southern states had, where they would pay a portion of the tuition, room and board, for blacks, if they wouldn't go to the university of alabama or auburn, those courses they could not get at the historically black schools, alabama state, alabama a&m and tuskegee. and then the other part of that was i was going to take advantage of some money they would give us in order to go out of state and take some courses to keep us from going to the white schools. but, i was going to become a lawyer. and this is the part i didn't tell anybody. i told them i wanted to be a lawyer but i did not tell them what kind. the secret was i was going to finish law school, take the alabama bar exam, pass the bar exam, become a lawyer and destroy everything segregated. that was my commitment as a youngster, an upper teenager in the cradle of the confederacy. that was my introduction to becoming a lawyer. and now i