back to worlds apart that constantine song and professor at the university of chicago school of public policy it was just one in three just before the break we started talking about the reform to increase or the proposal to increase the retirement age. for the russians and i think agreed that this kind of proposal is motivated by one of the most accurate challenges for the russian economy the prospect that shrinking it in its labor force i saw some of the speakers cited for example by russian economist alexei kudrin that russia may lose about ten million working age population over the next ten or fifteen years. i suppose an increase in retirement age should not solve the problem long do you expect it to be sort of a stand alone policy or would it have to be accompanied by some i think this is sort of a technical adjustment so miss it clear there is some crap in this at the highest level with the economic situation is such there's no desire to make reforms these sequence some accountant can just meant for example there is not enough money to pay pensions these three was basically i think this wa

of the university of chicago harris school of public policy. welcome, professor, good to have you. beg yoursay dean, pardon. we have not had the amazon affecting pharmaceuticals, and given the price discovery, it really transform, change the cost curve on pharmaceuticals. is that right? katherine: i think people are placing a lot of hope on the new amazon deal without knowing what it really entails. but there is huge potential to rationalize the way we finance health care and to consolidate the way patients took pharmaceuticals and the effect that has on hospitalizations and downstream health care. david: we have heard for years and talked on bloomberg with you benefite pharmaceutical manufacturers, and the extent to which they at cost to the system. somewhat more opaque and less transparent. is it possible that amazon could cut through that? katherine: having more competitors in that space is bound to squeeze margins and improve the value patients see from the system. right now they don't read the full benefit from lowering of health care costs. better medication management, targeting medicine to the right patients at the right time. this entry could really drive a lot of price competition in