second, a research fellow at the university of edinburgh center for african studies.lso aniete iwang, researcher at human rights watch. a warm welcome to you all. mike, what is happening in kaduna? has it become the breeding ground for armed groups and bandits? >> well, so it seems. it's quite unfortunate that such incidents are taking place on a continuous series of attacks, especially on schools. and what one could ask is what is responsible for this surge in the attacks of schools? you recall that the state government in the northwest of nigeria declared the intention earlier to negotiate with the bandits. and nigerians were also, because of the rising wave calling for the change of the leadership in the military in our security agencies, which was affected by government. and the federal government has come up with a position that they are no more ready to negotiate with bandits, which is a normal thing to do. so i think this has provoked the bandits to do a condemnable act against diversities. >> before we go into detail with that particular issue of settlements w