first we have joseph tachovsky graduate university of minnesota commanding officer committed in the battle of saipan and cindy had teethree holds a ba in journalism from marquette and a masters from university of minnesota and msa from university of southern maine. nothing on - - an author of the book high cost of flowers thank you for joining us and you can take it from here. >> thank you. i will begin with the impetus writing this book and it all began at my father's funeral with the eulogy deliver their because dad never talked about the war. was obvious he was a colonel in the marine corps but world war ii or something he never talked about but then he made a left turn and talked about the first time with frank tachovsky from the university of wisconsin madison. this young fellow was there as naval rotc candidate there was a marine sergeant but one day he saw the sergeant and was and on - - and characteristically happy and then it happened a couple more times and then woke up to the sergeant said excuse me how do you know frank tachovsky he said that's lieutenant t13 to you and when yo

can do ok so nature of his all political science professor at the university of minnesota professor we appreciate your time in your insights tonight thank you it's been a pleasure. gary and chanting mafia of state and down with the government thousands of protesters of all ages across the country took to the streets last year demanding that the incumbent prime minister boyko or a solve his cabinet and the chief prosecutor resign over corruption allegations that did not happen or solved survive the protests and the protesters what did they achieve our correspondent funny for char reports tonight from sofia as bulgaria is gearing up for parliamentary elections this coming sunday april 4th this figure is turning heads in bulgaria's capital sofia a new opposition party called rise up muffy out ridiculing prime minister bloody self many here consider him in corrie gibli corrupt as does dimiter dimitroff an activist in his twenty's we meet him in front of bulgaria's problem in building which used to be the house of the communist party that iran is long gone but autocratic rule is still prese

can do ok so the issue of his all political science professor at the university of minnesota professor we appreciate your time in your insights tonight thank you it's been a pleasure. org ariens chanting mafia of state and down with the government thousands of protesters of all ages across the country took to the streets last year demanding that the incumbent prime minister boyko burra solve his cabinet and the chief prosecutor resign over corruption allegations that did not happen or solve survive the protest and the protesters what did they achieve our correspondent funny for char reports tonight from sofia as bulgaria is gearing up for parliamentary elections this coming sunday april 4th this figure is turning heads in bulgaria's capital sofia a new opposition party called rise up muffy out ridiculing prime minister body self many here consider him in corrie gibli corrupt as does dimiter dimitroff an activist in his twenty's we meet him in front of bulgaria sprawling in building which used to be the house of the communist party that iran is long gone but autocratic rule is still pre

can do ok so the issue of his all political science professor at the university of minnesota professor we appreciate your time in your insights tonight thank you it's been a pleasure. vogue ariens chanting mafia of state and down with the government thousands of protesters of all ages across the country took to the streets last year demanding that the incumbent prime minister boyko or a solve his cabinet and the chief prosecutor resign over corruption allegations that did not happen or solve survive the protest and the protesters what did they achieve our correspondent funny for char reports tonight from sofia as bulgaria is gearing up for parliamentary elections this coming sunday april 4th this figure is turning heads in bulgaria's capital sofia a new opposition party called rise up mafia out ridiculing prime minister self many here consider him in corrie gibli corrupt as does dimiter dimitroff an activist in his twenty's we meet him in front of bulgaria sprawling and building which used to be the house of the communist party that iran is long gone but autocratic rule is still presen

. >> the graduate of university of minnesota and the sun. commanding officer of the buy and also known as takeoff these tears. [inaudible]. and cindy holds a to be a internal is him a master's degree from the university of minnesota and msa from the university and she is an author of five notables including the award-winning book high cost of flowers. his thank you very much for joining us today and you can take it from here. >> so i am going to begin with what was the impetus to begin to work with this book. joseph: it will begin my father's funeral. with eulogy it was delivered there. because dad never talked about the war which obviously was a colonel in the marine corps but it was world war ii was something he never talked about entering his funeral this gentleman got up to speak about dad in his tenure as mayor but then he sort of mated a left turn in talked about the first time that he met frank at the university of wisconsin and this young fellow was there is not to see candidate and dad was there on the g.i. bill and he stood up becau

can do ok so the issue of his all political science professor at the university of minnesota professor we appreciate your time in your insights tonight thank you and a pleasure. well gary and chanting mafia of state and down with the government thousands of protesters of all ages across the country took to the streets last year demanding that the incumbent prime minister boyko or a solve his cabinet and the chief prosecutor resign over corruption allegations that did not happen or solve survive the protest and the protesters what did they achieve our correspondent funny for char reports tonight from sofia as bulgaria is gearing up for parliamentary elections this coming sunday april 4th this figure is stirring hads in bulgaria's capital sofia a new opposition party called rise up mafia out ridiculing prime minister body self many here consider him in corrie gibli corrupt as does dimiter dimitroff an activist in his twenty's we meet him in front of bulgaria sprawling building which used to be the house of the communist party that iran is long gone but autocratic rule is still present he

becoming a judge in 2007 the same year sworn into the senate that connections began at the university of minnesota working as a clerk who had been a top criminal defense attorney for decades. as you learn about her watch the first day of the trial, what is your reaction? >>caller: i am a first time caller. i did watch the video

and stop the spread of covid-19, joining forces with the unit assertive -- university of mayo clinic -- university of minnesota and mayo clinic. surpassed that goal in two months. we test 40,000 minnesotans every day at sites across minnesota. with a focus on our kids, we have a nation leading testing program in our schools and in childcare, testing thousands of educators and child care each week. now we are bringing that same innovative energy and collaboration to our vaccination effort, from the vikings training facility to local churches. our vaccine rollout is leading the nation, with more than 40,000 shots administered each day. minnesota's hard work is paying off, and it has real impacts on our daily lives. just this week, minnesota might first in the nation for speed of administering vaccines. a recently published study from a national children's organization ranked minnesota first in the nation for protecting children from hunger, learning loss, and financial stress during the covid-19 pandemic. on economic and social health and well-being, minnesota was also ranked in the country for women during the

david henderson, our legal analyst and keith mayes of the university of minnesota, i really appreciate having you all help us unpack what we heard so far today. thank you. >>> as you know, msnbc will return to coverage of the trial when it begins after the lunch break in approximately an hour. >>> up ahead here on "meet the press daily," we have serious new warnings from the cdc about a potential fourth coronavirus surge. we're live in arizona where the government just lifted all restrictions on businesses as the president and public health officials are warning against doing just that. but first, here's a look at life after lockdown. new projects means new project managers. you need to hire. i need indeed. indeed you do. the moment you sponsor a job on indeed you get a short list of quality candidates from our resume database. claim your seventy five dollar credit, when you post your first job at indeed.com/home. hey, i just got a text from my sister. you remember rick, her neighbor? sure, he's the 76-year-old guy who still runs marathons, right? sadly, not anymore. wow. so sudden. um

regional plan from the university of minnesota. please give. thank you. thank you. a little bit about our organization strong towns are ization is now evolved into a national movement of people trying to reconfigure their communities to be more financially sound. post world war 2 america the financing mechanisms of it act very much like a ponzi scheme you had this immediate sugar high with this. term liability kind of hanging out there in the future and the last generation the one that's going to pick up the bill. we prayed on our fellow americans just so we could keep the growth going and nobody stopped to consider the impact that this was going to have on real people and real families. finding foreclosures. in the united states was a real estate so i was determined. it was so much fun when we were making money company had season tickets to the lakers right behind. leonardo dicaprio literally right in front of us and when he used to date. 15 years old right in front of hair is hanging over the back of her seat. that. he starts playing with. anyway a bit but. there's

for that well also in minneapolis is richard phrase he's a professor of criminal law at the university of minnesota law school richard good to have you with us some of the prosecution very much building up the sequence of events that led to floyd's death how important is this stage of the trial. well it's an attempt i think to reinforce the statement the prosecution made in the opening statement which is you can believe your eyes but they want to have as many eyes so to speak introduced as witnesses in this case a setting that seemed that everyone who saw this was horrified that's the that's a major theme of the state's case and richard the court was shown this new footage of floyd going into this convenience shop before he was detained some of his service say this may be an attempt by the prosecution to deal with the defense allegation that he was stoned and that drugs contributed to floyd's death. yes i think they are trying to preempt or at least head off that that line of attack in general in a in a lawsuit you don't want the other side to to claim that that you've been hiding something so the

university. he's the author and editor of a number of books, putting documents in native american political government. before joining the university of richmond, doctor will was the professor to professor of americans at the university of minnesota, where you also held appointments political science and american studies. thank you for joining us today dr. will can's. i say we jump right in so if you don't mind, just tell us a little bit more about yourself, your research and your work. >> i appreciate that. thank you. i'm very happy to be joining you today. as you noted, i belong to the lumbee a nation in north carolina, i'm a citizen of the nation with the largest native nation east of the mississippi. our population means that we're about the fifth largest tribe in the country. i was a military fat inspo most of my lifetime and reservation, but they were military reservations not native reservations. but when i got to college, i began to read the works of bangalore junior, who was the most powerful intellectual thinker of the time and if not the century. and i wonder of studying under him for my masters degree, and he was the one that convinced me that we needed more indigenous people studying the political affairs of our nati

also joining us richard fray, a criminal law professor at the university of minnesota law school and a wrongful death attorney who has represented the families of trayvon martin, breonna taylor and others. joey, let's talk about this first day of the trial. it launched with the prosecution playing that awful video of george floyd's final moments. it's incredibly difficult to watch, but let me show some of what the jury saw today. watch this. >> i can't breathe. >> relax. >> i can't breathe. >> what do you want? >> i can't breathe! >> get up, get in the car man. >> i will. >> get up, get in the car. >> get up and get in the car right. >> i can't. >> get in. you can't win. >> my neck. i'm through. >> joey, that went on for some ten minutes. how powerful is it for the members of the jury to see that with their own eyes earlier today? >> wolf, it's damning and compelling. we have to remember it's not only as to the own eyes but it's also to the ears. when you look at the entirety of the video, you hear the audio. what did that audio include? it included bystanders pleading with the police

university of richmond, dr. wilkins was the mcknight presidential professor and american indian studies at the university of minnesota where he also held appointments in law political science and american studies. thank you for joining us today, dr. wilkins and i say we jump right in so if you don't mind just tell us a little more about yourself your research and your work. appreciate that. thank you. i'm very happy to would you be joining you today? as you noted i belong to the lumbee nation of north carolina. i'm a citizen of that nation where the largest native nation east of the mississippi a population means that we're about the fifth largest tribe in the country. um, i was a military brat and spent much of my life traveling at reservations, but they were native reservations. they were military reservations, but when i got into college, i began to read the works of vinder laurie jr. who was the most powerful intellectual thinker of the time and if not the century and wound up studying under him for my master's degree and he was the one that convinced me that we needed more indigenous people studying the politica

. >>> joining us now, from the university of minnesota, michael olsterholm. oit's mayor rejected a shipment of the johnson & johnson vaccine saying while it's good, moderna and pfizer are best. if you take a look at the data, study found it was 72% effective against moderate to severe cases in the u.s. but also prevented 100% of hospitalizations and deaths related to the virus. so it's a good vaccine. it prevents you from getting really sick or dying. how dangerous is the rhetoric that we heard from the mayor of detroit? >> well, you know, i think at this point, jake, i'm not even sure it's rhetoric. i think it's a misunderstanding. i understand why. these numbers are a bit complicated and we need to do a better job of helping the public understand. this vaccine, the joh johnson & johnson vaccine, like the other two, will prevent you from getting serious illness, hospitalizations or dying. that's what this is all about. there are real advantages to this vaccine, being a single dose and being so stable, so you can move it into areas that normally you might have

winning senator, and michael oosterhall, the center of infectious disease and policy at the university of minnesotad a covid adviser to the biden transition team. good evening and welcome to you all. ashley, the covid bill hag coast, depending where you read, in terms on of new deal. but to localize it a bit, is it to biden what aca was to obama? >> in terms of the republican opposition? there is a lot of it. it doesn't seem though as of now at least that republicans will be able to successfully message against the bill the way they were able to message against obama care. if this bill does what president biden wants it to do, and that is what the biden administration is counting on. their thought is that yes, the bill is big. it's 1.9 trillion. they say it needs to be that big because of the magnitude of the crazies. if it gets shots in the arms of americans, checks in their pockets, in the banks, it helps jump-start the economy, offers relief. americans are not going to care that it passed through a budgetary process known as reconciliation, that it is going to be popular. it is popular right now

but kate at the university of minnesota i talked to her a lot during this book she is trying to build cells from scratch that are alive. she has made a lot of strides that there is a way to go in she and her colleagues are still working on it. but i said artificial life is that life but she said no. absolutely not. absolutely no. no exception. really? why is that? she says i have the goo rule of it does not have goo cannot be alive. so that question is is it alive? but again in a fascinating way. artificial life has become so sophisticated the past 20 years it is extraordinary that people can do with it watch the evolution of sexual reproduction but i don't think we settled the question if they are really alive. >> this settling that question even matter why does defining life even matter? don't we know it when we see it? >> i don't think so. life is life. the fact that we are alive gives their lives meaning. i feel very fortunate i have this life for whatever decades i am here on this planet. what is that i'm experiencing? when do each of us become alive? when does the life and? that

i was university of minnesota graduate bird dispatch was not mine it was for my mother's letter jacket. she was aggressor the minnesota gophers verdict took it down said here fly this. and so he took it. the next thing i know, i see some video coming down from the to see that lockers in the mid deck taped onto it is this minnesota golden gophers patch. and all i could think of is the crew opened up the book found its purple and gold gopher and had no earthly idea what it was, what it meant or what it was for. but the taped to the wall of the locker summit would sit on the ground. so we had fun things like that. we give you two more stories one was we would do rendezvous simulations. you are flying a rendezvous, you are getting in close to the space station or your target, the closer you get the slower you want to go. so we had called breaking gates. then at 5:30 yard she wanted to be slower yet. 100 yards slower yet. so those are called breaking gates. you always wanted to fly your breaking date. if you're faster than your breaking date you are hot docking. we had friday breaking gates

. >> joining us now, michael osterholm from research and policy at the university of minnesota. professor, always great to see you and have you on. they are ending these mask mandates at a time you've warned, a time of great peril. you were very concerned about the rise and prevalence of the new variants in the united states and you've just put out some research about how quickly they are spreading, what we can expect and what that all means. what do you see? >> well, as i mentioned to you four weeks ago as you led with the teaser earlier is the fact that we knew b.1.1.7., the variant from the united kingdom was coming to the united states, spreading across the united states and about four weeks ago it was about 1% to 2% of the viruses we find in individuals who are ill with covid-19. right now, we're seeing in states like florida, california and georgia, those numbers between 20% and 30% of the viruses obtained. and we're seeing across the united states also a major increase that's harder to understand how much that increase is just because we don't have good surveillance for th

hernia mice heather hike and she had read huddled masses as a graduate student at the media university of minnesota. and she asked me if i'd like to be part of a group of historians and designers and architects who are all gathering in west virginia to talk about help is to -- talk about the possibility of a museum and the restoration of ellis island. now, i said of course. absolutely. and i was fortunate enough to be part of an advisory committee that was formed historians, who basically were a creature of the statue of liberty ellis island foundation. the organization that raised them honey for the restoration of the statue of liberty between 1984 1986 and then the creation of an ellis island museum and the restoration of part of ellis island so it could be a sight for visitors to come and learn about the immigrant experience. and then in 2003, i was appointed chair of that history advisory committee and i was serving that capacity in ever since and i are most the recent victory is the opening of a new statue of liberty museum on liberty island at the opposite end of the island from the statue of

including one who is a professor of the university of minnesota, a woman erica hill, who will testify according to her prepared remarks about a study showing just how bad things have gotten for the asian american community. she says we are here because there has been an alarming rise in anti-asian racism and violence over the past year beginning in late january of 2020, asian americans reported being harassed, yelled at, attacked and shunned in stores and restaurants, on city streets, buses and subways and in their own neighborhoods. she says these attacks have been happening throughout the pandemic and there is no sign of them slowing down. she goes on to say that this is not just deranged individuals, this is systemic and needs to be addressed. and one congresswoman just testified about what she believes the cause has been from the rhetoric coming from washington. >> last year people used racist slurs like china virus to spread shooe xenophobia and cast blame on innocent communities. comments like these only build upon a legacy of racism and anti-asian sentiment and insensitivity th

joining us now is michael osterholm from the university of minnesota, also with us, cnn chief medicalr. sanjay gupta. great to see both of you. professor osterholm, as you know, i always like to take your pulse, so to speak, as soon as we begin these segments because we're now at 56,000 new cases on average a day, and i know you have warned us that mid-march could be an inflexion point, where the variants take hold and we see a surge. are you sticking with that? >> i am. unfortunately, alisyn, yesterday was one of those important dates. over 50% now of all the viruses coming from florida, texas, and georgia, in fact, are this b.1.1.7 var yiant. that compares to 1% to 2% of all the viruses i talked about on the show in january and raised the concern about what might happen with b.1.1.7. we're seeing around the country this emergence. the city of houston actually issued a warning two days ago because in their sewage system sampling where they're sampling the sewage system in there, you can actually look for the virus and they have found that now it has become the predominant virus of th

bring in michael osterholm, the center for infectious disease research and policy at the university of minnesotao have you. >> good to be back. >> it's nice to exceed prior goals. that's a good thing, i think, for everyone. let's talk about other people getting vaccinated. there's news that pfizer now says their vaccine should be through the trial process on younger teenagers and kids aged 12 to 15 by the beginning of the upcoming school year. when they release that data on that trial on 12 to 15-year-olds, what will you be looking for specifically in there? >> just take a step back and remember that we want everyone in the united states, for that matter, around the world, to be vaccinated. very important. up until now, the challenge we've had has been getting enough doses of vaccine to people who want it. i think the real challenge we're going to have going forward it, we'll soon hit a time where we're going to have more vaccine than there are people willing to take it. and i think our big challenge was going to be getting people convinced that they must, in order to protect themselves, get vac

joining me now, is former epidemiology is a director for the disease research and policy for university of minnesotadoctor, you and i were talking earlier this week. it does feel as if we are at a fork in the road here. the vaccines are there. the supply is coming. we are so close. we are seeing this lifting of restrictions. you're concerned about these variants, coupled with spring break. how vulnerable are we? >> good morning, chuck. let me just say we are in the eye of the hurricane right now. it appears that things are going very well and we see blue skies but we have been through a terrible, terrible year. what we know is about to come upon us is the situation with this b 11-variant a virus in united kingdom and wrecking havoc and 21 countries seeing significant cases with this hitting hard. many countries have in lockdown now two months to try to control this virus. last time i was on your show four weeks ago the variant made up to 1% to 4% of the viruses we were seeing in communities across the country. today it's up to 30% to 40%. you'll see cases surge when we hit the 50% mark. we have to k

of the aforementioned group the center for infectious disease research and policy at the university of minnesota. he was also a covid adviser to the biden transition team. good evening and welcome to you all. ashley, i'd like to begin with you. this covid bill has been cast depending on where you read in terms of the new deal, in terms of the great society. but to localize it a bit, is this to biden what aca was to obama? >> in terms of the republican opposition, there is a lot of it. it doesn't seem, though, as of now at least that republicans will be able to successfully message against this bill the way they were able to in certain ways successfully message against obamacare. if this bill does what president biden wants it to do, and that's what the biden administration is counting on, their thought is that yes, this bill is big. it's 1.9 trillion. they say it needs to be that big because of the mag queued of the crisis the country is facing. and they say that, again, if it gets shots into arms of americans, checks into their pockets, into their banks, it helps jumpstart the economy, offers s

. >> with that in mind, we're joined by michael osterholm, director of the university of minnesota centernt dr. sanjay gupta. sanjay, what do you make of where we're at right now? >> well, you know, i think the image is starting to come into clearer focus. we've been talking about the variants for a long time. obviously professor oster hope has been sounding the alarm on this for some time. the u.k. variant was here in december probably. we're mid march. 49 states now have confirmed the u.k. variant is there. that gives you an idea how quickly this is spreading. when i say it coming into clearer focus, there are trend lines we're trying to figure out as you mentioned, anderson, 15 states have had numbers increase at least 10%. a couple states 40%. but then, you know, florida for example where the u.k. dominant has become more dominant, sorry, the u.k. strain is more dominant, the case is still appears to go down. we're not sure if that hasn't caught up or what is happening there. just show you quickly. italy, france, united states, you mentioned this a minute ago, anderson. you remember l

the only complete set of it is in the university of minnesota, in their archive. you can go see it there. maybe they digitized, it that be wonderful if it was digitized, one of the sad things about it is that you can track the decline of his talent, because he had developed a problem with his soldier. like some tendonitis probably in the 18 eighties, by the time he was doing last weekly you could tell, he couldn't do the fine cross hatching that you could see in some of these. he could not keep a line going so he would start with a nice strong line and it would kind of peter out, the precision of his characters was affected because his hand trembled. >> i have friends who have experienced the same thing. even today. it's interesting, i was reading, last year i was reading quite a lot about illustrators in stand bull in the 17 and 18th centuries, one of the things that was talked about because i was reading about -- my name is, read this very famous novel and they were talking about the strain on the eyes, illustrators prior to artificial light. i think it's interes

becoming a judge in 2007 the same year sworn into the senate that connections began at the university of minnesota working as a clerk who had been a top criminal defense attorney for decades. as you learn about her watch the first day of the trial, what is your reaction? >>caller: i am a first time caller. i did watch the video. i believe she was the second witness on the stand? the young lady? her video that i saw when the cops came to the scene, they were putting on their gloves like they were ready for whatever is going to go down. so yes. my heart hurt. if i had been there that day, never had a confrontation with the cops. never. always respect to them. but that day i would've gone to jail. they would handcuff me and taken me to jail. >> now exhibits coming into evidence. >>. >> thank you for your honor we will be calling is her next witness ms. hansen is one of the bystanders on the scene she recorded a video on her phone and following the incident she also made a 911 call. for various purposes the defenses stipulating we would admit the video as exhibit number 24 and the 911 call exhibit 25

the only complete set of it is at the university of minnesota in their archives. you can go see it there, but i would do maybe they've digitized it. i would be wonderful they digitized it and wanted to sad things about it is you can track the decline of his talent because he had developed a problem with his shoulder. like like some tendonitis probably. in the 1880s and by the time he was doing next weekly he you could tell he couldn't do the the fine crosshatching you see in some of these he couldn't keep a line going. so he would start with a nice strong line and it would kind of peter out. the precision of his caricatures was affected because his hand heard all the time and his arm just it trembled. i have friends who have experienced the same thing. yeah, even today. yeah, it's just i mean it's interesting. i was sure i was reading quite a lot about illustrators. istanbul in the 18th and 19th centuries and one of the things that i talked a lot about because i was reading or hun humbuk. so people are familiar with my name is red. this very famous novel and they

of asian american studies and director of the immigration history research center at the university of minnesota. author of four award winning books including america for americans, a history of xenophobia in the united states, which won the 2020 american book award and the 2020 asian pacific american award for literature. professor lee received her p.a. from the university of california-berkley and b.a. from tufk university. professor lee, you are now recognized for five minutes. ms. lee: thank you so much, chairmancon. and members of the -- chairman cohen and members of the community. i want to thank all of the congressional staffers who helped make this hearing possible. as we just heard from my fellow witnesses, anti-asian racism and violence has risen alarmingly. as shocking as these incidents are, it's so vital to understand they are not random acts perpetrated by deranged individuals, they are an expression of our country's long history of systemic racism targeting asian americans and pacific islanders. we've heard in the past 24 hours many describe anti-asian discrimination and racial vi

michael osterholm joins us now, the center for infectious disease research and policy at the university of minnesota. good morning, doctor. we heard the cdc director say she really pleaded with americans to do something to stem these cases. if we continue down this path of really relaxing our behavior, how bad do you think it could get? >> we have unfortunately a roadmap of what it could be look. look what's happening in the european countries. you have many countries in total lockdowns and still seeing challenges, even with the vaccination, with the new variant, b.1.1.7, the original recently seen in the united kingdom, this is a virus 70% to 100% more infectious than the previous covid-19, more than 50% to 60% likely to cause severe disease. given we have still over 50% of our population in this country that is still susceptible to this virus, this is a real challenge. >> the president yesterday said he expects 90% of americans to be eligible for the vaccine within three weeks. of course, that's great news but people are still having trouble getting appointments. how do you think that this increas

erica lee professor of studies and director of the immigration history research center at the university of minnesota and author of four award-winning books and putting america for americans a history of xenophobia in the united states that won the book award and the 2020 asia pacific american award for literature. she received her ma and phd from history from the university of california berkeley and ba from tufts university. as we heard from the witnesses anti-asian racism and violence has risen alarmingly. as shocking as these are it is vital to understand that they are not random acts perpetrated by deranged individuals. they are an expression of the countries long history of systemic racism targeting asian americans and specific islanders. we heard in the past 24 hours many describe discrimination and there shall violence as un-american. unfortunately, it is very american. this history is over 150-years-old. in 1871, 17 chinese were lynched by a mob in los angeles. this was the largest mass lynching in history. a mob of 1500 forced out all of the chinese residents and in the early 20th century,

most recently, a study by harvard, we consider the university of minnesota demonstrated using first generation gasoline has greenhouse gas emission cut by 46%. can you talk about the role fuels in meeting emission reduction goals? >> senator, i think you hit the nail on the head as far as what we've seen on the overall impact as far as decarbonization of transportation. one thing that needs to be considered is not just the impact on sales but when it's producers using practices on these practices that help carbon dioxide and soil, he mentioned minnesota, i'm going to throw up oklahoma state university which is actually a study a few years back that showed bernie the acres in oklahoma, you think about that and convert that in the upper midwest, but something that doesn't get looked at either, the impact on the lowering of emissions decarbonization talked about. clearly believe it very strong role to play. when you tied up with farming practices agriculture practices, i think clearly that is one of the areas we want to hang onto and shoot that target when we have the chance. >> thank you very mu

history and asian american studies, director of immigration history research center at the university of minnesota, all the of four award-winning including america for americans, history of xenophobia in the u.s., one of the 2020 american records the 2020 asian pacific american words for literature. professorr we received her ma in history in california berkeley and ba from tustin university. your recognized for five minutes. >> thank you so much. it's an honor to join you. i want to thank all of the staffers who have helped make this hearing possible. as we heard, anti- asian racism has risen alarmingly. it's so vital to understand they are not random acts perpetrated by deranged individuals. they are an expression of our country's long history of systemic racism targeting asian americans and pacific islanders. we've heard in the past 24 hours many describe antidiscrimination and racial violencemi as an american unfortunately, it is very american. this history, this american history is over 150 years old. i'll share a few examples. 1871, chinese lynched by a mob of 500 in los angeles, the largest