phil, my advisor who the book is dedicated to, my phd advisor and director of the oxford internet institute at the university of oxford and phil took me under his wing when i did my phd at the university of washington seattle. phil at the time had been studying the arab spring. he had been in tunisia, in tunis studying people using technology to communicate about democracy, to organize protests. he had written the book with oxford press called the digital origins of dictatorship and democracy and discussion in this book was about the ways the internet played a role from the beginning of the internet going public in countries first facilitating dictatorship and democracy for helping people to realize freedom, to realize control. phil was talking about these things very early on and i had just come from being a fellow on the obama campaign in 2012 and become enthralled when i was working on a campaign, the way they were making use of data. i was blown away by how sophisticated the campaign was. and the storytelling aspects. and the obama campaign on the side of the voters. and the massive amounts of data with

universities are pausing other projects to work on it full—time. with charles being done on a number of animals as well as humans —— trials. scientist at the university of oxford20 in september, but if something goes wrong it could push everything back. most think it will be more likely 18 months from now, so be more likely 18 months from now, so the second half of 2021. making and manufacturing a virus that takes and manufacturing a virus that takes a lot of time. there's a lot we don't understand about this coronavirus, but we know it's genetic code. this code is like a blueprint. some scientists are lifting part of it to create something that looks like the coronavirus. the idea is this can be given to animals or humans. 0thers are injecting the code into test subjects. when researchers think they found on the network, it has to be tested again and again and again and go through so many clinical trials to make sure it's effective, although there are no unintended side effects. even after that, you have to make this vaccine on a massive scale and deliver and distributed it to people all over the world. as muslims celebrate the holy month of ramadan, some doc

worldwide and that 3 of these are already being tested on people a 4th being developed at the university of oxford in the u.k. is due to begin human trials on thursday the u.k. government has been criticised for its handling of the pandemic which is that to more than $17000.00 deaths. a country scrambling to deal with a coronavirus pandemic this convention center in northern england has been turned into a makeshift hospital the transformation took less than 3 weeks the u.k. is racing to. increase hospital capacity to cope with an ever increasing caseload the british government has been heavily criticized for failing to prepare for the outbreak it's now hoping to beat the virus by investing heavily in vaccines being developed at universities in oxford and london trials on humans are set to begin on thursday in the long run the best way to defeat corona virus is through a vaccine after all this is a new disease. this is uncertain science but i'm certain that we will throw everything we go at developing a vaccine the potential vaccine is based on research into previous viruses when this new virus a m

some universities pausing other projects to work on it full—time, with trials being done with a number of animals, as well as in humans. when will it be ready? scientists at the university of oxforduld be as early september 2020. but that is if everything goes according to plan at every single stage. if something goes wrong, that can push everything back. most think it'll be more like a year, 18 months from now — so the second half of 2021. why so long? well, making and manufacturing a virus takes a lot of time. there's a lot we don't understand about this coronavirus. but we know its genetic code. this code is like a blueprint. some scientists are lifting parts of it and combining it with existing viruses to create something that looks like the coronavirus. the idea is this can then be given to animals or humans. others are injecting the raw code straight into test subjects. when researchers think they've found something that works, it has to be tested again and again and again, and go through so many clinical trials to make sure it's effective and that there are no unintended side effects. even after that, you have to make this vaccine on a massive scale and deliver and distrib

of silicon valley. he also cofounded and directed the research team at computational propaganda project at oxford internet institute at the university of oxford. he has written on political manipulation of technology or a variety of publications. these include wired, "the atlantic monthly," vice, tech crunch, the guardian, and many, many others. his research has been featured in publications such as the "new york times," the "washington post," the "wall street journal." he's also made appearances on the today show, 60 minutes, and frontline. his work is been present a risk of nato, the u.s. congress and the uk parliament. it is such great honor to having you with us tonight doing this incredible an important research. please give him a warm welcome. [applause] >> hi, everyone. great to be here. when i get my fire up that sounds kind of thing. it's been a ride. this is last talked up by two or and will happen to be here in san francisco. specifically her at city lights. thank you to everyone here at the store for having me. i couldn't think of a better place to in the tour and talk about really what is a book on democracy at the end

ask you this, because the whole world is waiting anxiously for a vaccine, and you're at the university of oxfordwhere human clinical trials are currently under way and new tests already show the vaccine was effective in monkeys. it all sounds very hopeful, of course. what sort of time frame do you think we're looking at, and how will it determine who gets this vaccine first, if this all works? >> well, the trial here in oxford, of course, is very exciting. it's based on a vaccine that's already been tested for other viruses, at least to be safe, and that very small animal data that you mentioned looks promising. so, humans are being enrolled as we speak. and we hope that the trial will have results in some months. now, some of the leaders of this trial have given very optimistic projections that by september they may have results and efforts are being made to do some early manufacture of that vaccine. i think that's a cause for optimism. at the same time, we have to remember that this is something that is brand-new, that normally, the development of a vaccine takes years, and i still think that

julie fisher associate research professor of microbiology and immunology at georgetown university medical center in oxford in the u.k. dr peter drove cofounder and 1st executive director of the university of global health equity in rwanda and also in washington d.c. adam goodman republican strategist and partner at balad partners welcome to you all julie let me start with you just how bad is the situation currently in new york specifically in the hospitals right now do your kids seeing cases of coded 1000 double every day so it is on a very high trajectory and the number of cases is growing more quickly than the health systems are able to accommodate there are already facing dramatic shortages of intensive care beds and dental it is for the people who are most severely ill and we are still seeing the number of cases rise with the expected peak still about a week away so it's a pretty severe situation right now adam president trampas expressed optimism about the federal government's ability to provide adequate coronavirus testing but that's very different than what we're hearing from state governors right.

the type the secretary of state has just described, the one led by the office of national statistics and oxford universityitive swab test is very reliable, i want to stressed that a negative result does not absolutely guarantee that you are free of the virus. however it is a very good guide for whether it is safe to return to work. blood testing, by contrast, can tell us who has previously had the infection, again improving our understanding of the spread of the virus when used in surveys. and in individuals it may also be able to tell us about the risks of future infection. which of course is so important. if you have had the virus, you may have acquired some degree of immunity and i stress may because the science on immunity is still uncertain and it also takes some time for that immunity to build up and for the test to be positive. our five pillar national testing programme is designed to ensure that everyone who needs a test can have one. to make that happen, we are doing two things. increasing capacity for testing and increasing access. may i have the first slide, please? here we can see that as the

transitional council in london elizabeth kandel senior research fellow of pembroke college at the university of oxford and in singapore our booed he's a visiting professor for the middle east institute at the national university of singapore thank you all for joining us elizabeth if i can start with you why has this declaration come now do things. well bernard i think the timing is significant now of course it's true that the grievances of the south scope back decades and the concept of yemen as a single country is actually very awkward yes it united not until 990 but already within 4 years it was a war so the grievances go back a long way but i do think that picking this moment to announce self administration is significant because all eyes were on the cease fire that saudi was trying to broker with the between the government and the who sees at the same time of course the world's attention is on fighting a virus and what devastation that might cause in yemen and people are pretty much on holiday because it's done it's the start of ramadan and all eyes of humanitarian organizations are on the flats t

the usa, and one here in the uk. 0ur medical correspondent, fergus walsh, was invited to the university of oxforde first doses being given. this could change everything. a vaccine against coronavirus. a way out for all of us. ok, so a needle scratch. the first volunteer to receive it was elisa granato, a microbiologist. she's 32 today. i'm a scientist, so of course i want to try and support science, the scientific process whenever i can, and since i don't study viruses i felt a bit useless these days, so i felt like this was an easy way for me to support the cause, yeah, and that's why i'm here, and i'm excited. half those on the trial will get the coronavirus vaccine, half a different jab. the volunteers don't know which one they have received. i am just basically going to sit here and incubate this thing, and hopefully provide some good follow up data, and we'll see, and hopefully it works. what would normally take years has been done in three months, by scientists at oxford university. around 80 groups world wide are developing coronavirus vaccines. a few others, in the us and china, have also

specialist and also in london elizabeth kandel a senior research fellow pembroke college at the university of oxford welcome to you all a saying 1st of all martin griffiths the u.n. special envoy he says he's grateful for saudi arabia and the coalition for recognizing this critical moment for yemen and he says the parties must now cease immediately or hostilities are going to go along with the cease fire i didn't think they will accept this ceasefire because as soon as the saudi led coalition has announced 2 weeks. here in sanaa them the government or the how this has announced what they called their national vision for a total ceasefire on as well let. the left of saudi be located in yemen and they have handed that division to mr give it that's why i think that was a clear message to the saudis that they will not accept this. because we believe it is a law that the saudi. before asking for a 2 week cease fire i mean they would they maybe want just to. like to help them so . both because of the. bit in saudi arabia and they want to have the time to fight the corner that's why they ask for this 2 wee

thanks that dr julian savulescu a medical delta and a professor of practical ethics at the university of oxford again thank you. techies death toll has now topped 524000 and texans reported nationwide emergency measures aimed at containing the outbreak have been stepped up including the mandatory wearing of mosques and shops all markets. let's go to greece now where authors have quarantined a 2nd refugee camp in athens after 33 year old men tested positive for the coronavirus about 1800 people living in the camp being screened dancer uplifts has the latest from athens and greece this is the 2nd camp that's been placed in lockdown in a space of just 3 or 4 days as a result of a positive test the great concern here is for the greek government is to move with speed because this camp holds about 1800 people the entire that's more than the entire infected population in greece right now which stands at 1673 so you do you can see how that such a camp with people living in close quarters might very quickly overwhelm medical authorities by doubling the number of infections and the fact that this is the

also today, the first human trial of a coronavirus vaccine in europe got underway at the university of oxfordines take years to develop but this one was fast tracked. here's one of the 500 participants, lydia guthrie. there are risks that any participant may have an allergic reaction to the vaccine. there is a risk that they don't exactly know how it will operate in human subjects. because of the urgency some of the usual animal testing steps have been skipped out. so that this vaccine can be made more quickly. so, these scientists and the whole team are really honest with us. that they don't quite know exactly what the impact is going to be. but they have reassured us that this virus is built out of building blocks that are very well researched. so they don't have any reason to think that there will be particularly harmful side effects. lydia guthrie they are one of the first participants to have that vaccine tested. meanwhile, the new zealand nurse who cared for the prime minister borisjohnson while he was in intensive care has spoken to the media. jenny mcgee from invercargill said that at

let's bring in our guest today here on inside story from oxford we have dominic will concern he's the director of medical ethics at the university of oxford or hero center for practical ethics in a branch in germany we have gerard krauss he's an epidemiologist at the helms hope center for infection research and in lancaster we have derek gatherer he's overall a just at the university of lancaster gentlemen welcome to you all dominic wilkinson coming to you 1st there listening to mr hancock it sounds very simple you do a test at home you pick the end of your finger you are good to go will it work that well well i think we don't know yet where there is going to be as simple as that it does seem like an attractive way of of stepping out of these great restrictions because a course at this point in time it seems that some people might not need to be restricted because they've had the virus already in and no longer at risk of becoming unwell or spreading it to others and if we could know who was in that category and then that might represent a way forward there are some interesting scientific and difficult challenges. gerald crow's i

those university of oxford scientists say they've tested results. your thoughts?results with the monkeys are positive. the researchers announce that they're going to start human testing on a grander scale, about 6,000 people by the end of the month. here's the thing, september does seem optimistic. vaccines have to go through three phases of trial. you got to really look to make sure there is a good immune response, they're safe, they're stable and you can manufacture on a large scale, and usually vaccines take years to develop so we'll see. i'm skeptical on this one but hopeful. >> we saw long lines at clinics here in new york on tuesday. people waiting a couple hours for antibody tests. there's new research on these kind of tests. what are you learning? >> well, what we're learning is there are now about 175 tests out there that have not been properly fda approved. there's only about seven that have gotten that emergency use authorization. here's the thing, many tests out there may have high false positive or false negative rates, so people have to be very caref

says he will know by june or july whether a vaccine it's working on with the university of oxford will be effective. or not. many are now to lebanon where the government has approved a debt to plan to try to pull the country's economy back from its worst problems. in decades the card of ours pandemic has added to the difficulties in the country that was already in an economic crisis befefore it had to go into lockdown. thehe worsening condititions are fueling protests across several cities. defying lockdown rules. in the northern city of tripoli. protesters threw fireworks and stones at soldiers. who retaliated with rubber bullets. as small crowds across several lebanese cities vented their fury at soaring inflation. and an unprecedented. of the currency. banks were prime targets after some looks a result of the us dollar accounts what's that all about how the mafia the prominent short the balancee. come on come on the set to do well laid down on the heads on it in the city on the shot can you had all the beethoven honestly what i can do when i get the i said hello when i b. c. a. seve

of johannesburg south africa . joining us now via skype from oxford is andrew follow he's a senior fellow at the oxford martin school at the university of oxford good to have you with us so with health care systems now clearly lacking things like ventilators protective suits even staff has this crisis shown just how wrong past funding policy has been towards the health care systems yes we've known about the risks of this happening for a long time the world health organization added to its party watch list what it called disease acts a serious international epidemic caused by a pathogen currently unknown force human disease and common 1000 turns out to be that the disease acts spread by a virus we've known this for a long time we know that half of the 1400 or so one pathogens have their origins in animals we've had 100 in emerging infections the last century 345 have gone global 3 in what will in 20 and the next hiv aids we've known about this for a long long time the goal well community has been writing reports that it's a long long time. there was a report just a few years ago he said that all it would take to be pat was about 4 hal

a team from the university of oxford and kings college london have quickly designed what they think isble ventilator, which could go into production right away, called 0xvent. it was presented to the uk cabinet this week and was made to special covid—19 regulations that the government published. ..and is driven into this box. inside the box is a standard ambulance bag. these bags are normally compressed by hand to provide air to a patient, but in this case, we compress it using the pressure from our air supply. the device is made from a0 components, 90% of which are ‘off the shelf', meaning they are already in the nhs supply chain and, theoretically, easy to procure. 0xvent will now be tested in birmingham, and may cost less than £1,000 per machine, compared to tens of thousands of pounds for ones in use in hospitals now. we want something that's simple and that can be built. and, sure, i can make a ventilator as fancy as you like, but i'll get it to you in october, if that's alright. that's not an option. in france, a collective have created what they call the minimal universal respir

but we want to ensure that there is a safe supply and professor greenhow from the university of oxfordgh out or sneeze could be absorbed by a mask made from a t—shirt. especially if you put a lining ofjust kitchen roll. i am not the most tailor capable person and i am not good at sewing. but i have made one for the bottom of a t—shirt —— from the bottom of a t—shirt —— from the bottom of a t—shirt. all i have done is cut to the last six or seven inches from the bottom of a t—shirt andi inches from the bottom of a t—shirt and i have sowed the bottom so that there is a pouch to allow some kitchen roll to be put into and i have applied ribbons to each corner andi have applied ribbons to each corner and i did that this morning. what this has over scarves and bandannas is that you can then place it very effectively and tightly around the top of your nose and the bottom of your chin so that there is not much scope for leakage basically. when you get home you can discard the kitchen roll, you can wash the mask and you can reuse it. very helpful, thank you for that. it is a simple and effectiv

of the year. oxford university in the u.k. started human trials last week of its own possible vaccine. still america's biggest mall operators plan to start operating 49 malls across ten states friday. parks reopened in miami this morning. florida's governor who was late to close just unveiled his plan for reopening the state. >> this new phase will start on monday, may 4th and will for the time being exclude miami-dade, broward and palm beach counties. these counties have seen the lions share of the state's epidemic. we need to focus on facts and not fear. >> reporter: but tonight there's concern florida's death toll may not be accurate. the medical examiner's commission stopped releasing its list of coronavirus deaths which was often higher than official state tallies after the health department intervened, this according to the tampa bay times. they say the list might need to be redacted hence the delay. right now it does not appear that any state meet the vague advisory white house guidelines that call for a downward trajectory of documented cases within a 14-day period before any r

oke, who is a statistician at the nuffield department of primary care health sciences at the university of oxforder saying we are at the most dangerous moment in the pandemic but the peak day to suggest was some time ago. when we looked at this answer, when you look at deaths by date of occurrence as she said when they actually occur, it is a pretty clear pattern is a peak in england around the eighth, maybe the ninth. that pattern is consistent across the country. when you look at it by different age groups. what data do you use to that out? we are using the same data used by nhs england. all we are doing different to what is reported in the media is we are looking at rather than the reported number, their deaths by date of occurrence. you need to do that in retrospect because of the way the numbers are revised.“ that in retrospect because of the way the numbers are revised. if the peak was on april the 8th or ninth does that make sense in terms of the timing of the lockdown? has the lockdown had an effect? this is the key question and lots of people want an answer to it. i think it does coincid

the next year is incredibly small. of course that slightly goes against what we heard from university of oxfordthe fact that testing will get under way and human trials on a vaccine. that is a long way off and we knew that then. but i think the comments from woody at flash to the bones of what we perhaps already knew. we haven't heard the government explicitly say that this lockdown isn't going away anytime soon. lance, the government has been saying let's read lie on the science stay with the experts even when borisjohnson was stay with the experts even when boris johnson was an stay with the experts even when borisjohnson was an action before he contracted the virus. there is a lwa ys he contracted the virus. there is always that risk if scientists are saying slightly at odds if only su btly saying slightly at odds if only subtly from what the politicians are? yes, obviously, it is the scientist who advised the government but it's the government who have to make decisions. many of these decisions at the end of the day although guided by the science, will be political decisions. and they'll be

the university of oxford has been on tow mitt stick. they will have a vaccine ready in six months. i don't share that optimism. we are a few months away from having a vaccine available that will be scaled up and widely distributed. >> all right. we should watch that very closely. michael head talking with us there. appreciate it. >> thank you. >>> and as we just heard, researchers in oxford, england, will begin testing a vaccine on humans today, in fact. it's based on a weakened version of the common cold virus found in chimpanzees. the british health secretary says the government will throw everything into the hunt for a vaccine. so let's turn to cnn's nic robertson. he joins us live from london. good to see you, nic. everyone around the world wants this vaccine. how much hope might this bring? >> reporter: well, oxford university and professor sarah gilbert who's having the study have experience with this vaccine because they have used it in a trial for the mers coronavirus a few years ago. so they have knowledge of what they're handling. obviously everything is being excel ler r

a top team at the university of oxford in england said its version of a vaccine is showing early promise. if it works, the oxford vaccine could be ready much sooner. joining us is kelly cobiella. >> this vaccine has actually -- a version of a vaccine that was tested for another coronavirus, so it's been extensively tested for safety already and that has allowed researchers to jump straight into trials to find out whether or not it's effective. the first volunteers getting their dose of a vaccine that could protect the world from covid-19. >> the right thing to do to ensure that we can combat this disease. >> reporter: the team at oxford institute are fast tracking their trials because they already tested a similar vaccine for another coronavirus. middle east respiratory syndrome, mers. does this work against this new virus? this morning, an encouraging signs from researchers in the u.s. at the rocky mountain lab in mon tan that gave the vaccine to six rhesus monkeys. six days later the none of the monkeys had the virus. the oxford team thinks they'll know whether it works in humans by ju

he earned his doctorate in american history from the university of oxford and an m.a. in medieval studies from catholic university of america. he has received a number of scholarships and awards in the field of early american history, including a rockefeller fellowship from colonial williamsburg foundation. he is the post of the popular audience format podcast historically thinking. please join me in welcoming dr. al zambone. al. [ applause ] >>> well my thanks to ross perry and to kelsey atwood who make this is and other programs possible and to the staff of the great library which lies beneath our feet. particularly to ellen mcalister clark, the director and michelle lee silverman. in fact the last time i was here they helped me ultimately unsuccessful attempt to find a engraving of a british soldier being flogged to death. good times. so as ross indicated, i'm going to spend the next 30 minutes or so talking about daniel morgan. poor boy, laborer, wagoner, militia officer -- and that meant something. one time military governor of western pennsylvania, one term congre

half of those already have the virus now there's a story circulating the internet a university of oxford study concluded that heart of the u.k. population may have already been infected with copd 19 but it's very important to note that the theory off is a set of hypothetical situations about the possible extent of transmission in the u.k. but the reality is that until the entire population is tested we will never know the bias is living all my nails nails and fingertips collect a lot of bacteria viruses and this is one of the main ways coronavirus can travel help what you suggest that we should keep nell shorts if we are prone to any bites and bad habits in addition to jumping son nor ring at all nails can cause my to nicks and bleeding putting us at greater risk of infection if you are not extra careful about washing if your nails are good scrub your washing deputed. tommy please can save was the global race to make a cure for hope at 19 is on the way and tommy flu is one drug that's been mentioned in the press over the past few weeks it's been used by many countries with mixed results

ultimate weapon, a vaccine, is moving along at research centers around the world including at the university of oxfordngland. they announced they have teamed up with an italian manufacturer to make a vaccine, all with an eye towards putting an end to the pandemic. >> now getting back to remdesivir, the drug that's making headlines this morning, it may turn out to be great, it may turn out to be very useful for covid patients, but it could turn out to be useless. jim and poppy? >> elizabeth, to know that critical question, what else needs to be discovered because there's that university of chicago study, those doctors on camera that found it very effective for even severely ill covid patients. >> reporter: right, you don't want to take what a doctor says, because his or her next set of patients may not do so well. you want the clinical trial to end, and i know it's hard to be patient during this time. you give the drug tie group of people and then you give a placebo pill, bafsically a suga pill, to an equal size group of people that are equally sick, so they're similar, and you see if the drug works. t

the late conservative columnist began his college career studying political theory at the university of oxford finished studying psychiatry at harvard medical school. a diving accident at harvard left him paralyzed from the waist down but he finished with the class. this class. the desire to continue his studies is what kept him alive. >> never thought about taking a year off for taking a couple years off. i knew that would be fatal. it was not a question. >> couldn't survive. >> life would be over. >> reporter: his life was just getting started. in 1978 krauthammer took a job at will be the national institute of mental health in washington dc. >> i thought one time in washington, isn't that where they do politics? one thing lead to another. >> reporter: and it did. krauthammer became a speechwriter for walter mondale, then editor for the new republic, then a wiki columnist for the washington post and the pulitzer prize winner for commentary. >> if i see an impasse we're taking a calculated risk. >> reporter: a longtime fixture on the special report panel krauthammer shared his perspectives on