rana mitter, professor of history and politics at oxford university, thank you indeed. xt, saving special relationship. president emmanuel macron this tuesday, holding talks with the visiting u.s. secretary of state antony blinken,'s first meeting with the american officials since scrapping the 30 billion euro submarine contract. that plunging relations with the u.s. into a deep crisis. that deals covered the defense alliance -- scampered by the defense alliance between britain, the u.s. and australia. the move damaged a relationship for over 200 years. >> we could and we should have communicated better. that is what president macron and president biden have said to each other when they spoke a few weeks ago. also, we sometimes tend to take for granted our relationship as important and deep as the one between france and the united states. mark: trying to heal the wounds, the top diplomat speaking in french on french national tv. at the e.u. summit in slovenia, president macron says he will meet president biden in rome at the g 20 summit in october to reengage and to try

he is the director of medical ethics at the university of oxford. he wrote center for practical ethics . he joins us now by skype from there. dr. wilkinson, this is obviously being held as a huge medical breakthrough. and we'll get to the implications of that in just a moment. but it's also a rather provocative idea for many people, the idea that an organ growing in a pig could then be attached to a human being. or are we waiting into an ethical gray area here? we're transplants like this. rage familiar. and there is sometimes difficult, ethical, human ethical challenges and they combine them with animal ethical issues. and of course, the combination of a sheer human and animal organ inside a human body raises concerns in some people's minds about whether this hybrid an existence is natural, whether it goes against the natural order. and so, so there are a variety of different consumes. oh, this procedure, well, once it's developed a little further, could potentially say tens of thousands of lives. but i imagine this is also not something that everyo

a university of oxford study found daily meat consumption has dropped by 17% in the last ten years. of 30% over the next decade, to reduce the environmental impact of our diets. the bbc has reached a financial settlement with a graphic designer who was asked by martin bashir to produce fake bank statements for his interview with princess diana in 1995. matt wiessler was sidelined by the bbc after raising concerns about the fake documents. in a statement, the bbc apologised to mr wiessler and his family and said he had acted "with complete integrity". the time is 1:16 pm. the headlines... the biggest flu vaccination in nhs history is launched. a0 million people across the uk will be eligible for a free jab. and also to come, help for people who have suffered heart attacks. a new drug aims to cut the risk of future attacks. coming up on the bbc news channel, a huge match tonight for wales. we'll look ahead to their world cup qualifier against czech republic. they are without gareth bale but aaron ramsey returns to lead the side. eight locations have made it to the next stage of the con

university also returned one of the statues to nigeria on wednesday, and germany has agreed to start handing back it's collections. next year. dan hicks is a professor of contemporary archaeology at the university of oxford. he says the objects taken in order to remove african sovereignty and destroy traditional religion. i think it's really interesting how the restitution i to bait you know, is in the other news at the moment of my seeing real progress being made. i think 1st off is important to say though, that the restitution movement is a long stem, the african lead movement. so the 1st items were returned in the case of the been in attack. you know, of the 89 says as early as 1938 to the over at the time. and it's only quite recently in the 196 isn't 7, says that there were attempts by the european nations to introduce laws and to start to promulgate miss this, that argued against actually the return of these items. so now i think if we take the case of the ben in bronzes, we're coming up to the 100 and 25th anniversary of beth's attack in 1997 next year . you know, and that has really focused the minds for the museums, but also it has been the formation of the legacy restoration trust. you know, wh

k. university of oxford that's measuring nearly 80 percent efficacy, but it's still anita trial stage or a promising use indeed that malcolm, thanks very much. mark went back in, nairobi still had aaron al jazeera, exactly 20 years after the 1st u. s. air strikes on the taliban. we have the view from afghanistan on how it's changed. natural gas prices in the e. u and the u. k. jumped to a record high before falling back as russia off was to stabilize the market. ah, it's another beautiful sunny day at 35000 feet. the weather sponsored by cattle airways, boated worlds best, a line of 2021. there's been a lot of setting in italy recently, but the system that's bringing it in is this master class. here is edging slowly. eastwood so now the threat is more the other side of the age reacting because wrapped around that load is a great deal of white clad, which is the rain bag stuff but also strong winds. otherwise you look up here and that's really over the ocean. the north atlantic and i stood with dragging its feet and bringing rain into ireland and scotland. but that's the area of most d

he also teaches russian politics at university of oxford, and he joins us now via skype from there, samuel, moldova gets a pro e u government and then rushes gas from hikes, prices from what is that 500 and $50.00 per 1000 cubic meters last month to 790 dollars this month. i'm guessing you don't think that's a coincidence. no. as every nautical incidents even look at russia's history of plain pipeline diplomacy throughout the po, so be space, whether it be when ukraine was trying to flirt with that closer ties with the european union and nato during the 1990s. and then when virginia jenko was elected president in 2004, this is a recurring theme in russian policy towards his neighbors. as a means of basically using energy as blackmail to discourage these countries. from pivoting towards the you in association agreement or even in terms of trade and security. and so you are saying this is a deliberate squeeze, especially giving, given the crisis just how much capacity does gas from actually have here. so i'm already as is the of is hid lion's share distributor of gas towards moldova, and tha

that's bringing down he, he's a professor of contemporary elegy at the university of oxford and he's written a book called brutish museums. b 9. same thing. the name rather bronze as colonial violence and cultural restitution. thank you for joining us, dan. quite a title that one is. tell us a little bit about me. i'm glad i was able to spit it out eventually. but getting back to the actual topic, this pace was stolen back by british troops more than a century ago. why is the university returning it now? yeah, i think it's really interesting how the restitution there did bait, you know, is in the, at the news at the moment of my seeing real progress being made. i think 1st off is important to say though, that the restitution movement is a long stam, the african lead movement. so the 1st items were returned in the case of the been in attack. you know, of the 89 says as early as 1938 to the over at the time. and it's only quite recently in the 19 sixties and 7 says that there were attempts by the european nations to introduce laws and to start to promulgate myth that argued against act

we have to turn to jeff henriksen, university of oxford associate fellow. i want to start with this. it looks like you need to stay in equities. at the same time you're worried about higher prices. what you do? jeff: that is exactly right. you were talking about the goldman note early this morning. another goldman note i thought was interesting -- number one word that is coming up was the question around stagflation, which i think is interesting because i think inflation will run hotter and for longer than policy makers believe. at they'll -- i think stagflation is a low probability event. policymakers and markets had been wrong on inflation. they were probably angry on the 2008 2009 scenario and conditions are different. i think the base case scenario are two things. inflation will run hotter and longer. two, nominal bond yields on the 10 year. double-digit nominal gdp growth and an environment that favors equities. we think you still need to be in equities but you need to build a portfolio despite inflation running hotter and longer than people expect. we

peter novak is an infectious disease and global health specialist from the university of oxford and joins us flow oxford, england. really good to see you. we keep turning the pages on this pandemic quite quickly. we're at boosters now. there is a lot of conflicting information about whether or not they are even truly needed. i mean, from your survey of the recent study, what do you think? how vigilant should people be, especially if they are more than six months out on any vaccine? >> yeah, there's new data coming in all the time, so we're learning as we go here, and it really depends on your risk and your age group. i think at this point, the data are pretty strong that particularly for those who are immunocompromised and those who are over 65 that there is evidence of the immunity waning and there's a strong evidence base to get a booster. with johnson & johnson, it's a little bit different. i think the preponderance of the evidence is suggestion that perhaps it should have been a two-dose vaccine in the first place, and that the single dose had a little bit lower efficacy than some of

i am visiting —— a visiting fellow at the university of oxford _ visiting fellow at the university ofass. we have got to have the best of both worlds. our cbi meetings, most are hybrid. our annual— cbi meetings, most are hybrid. our annual meeting, which is normally any annual meeting, which is normally anv bav— annual meeting, which is normally any bay conference centre in london is going _ any bay conference centre in london is going to _ any bay conference centre in london is going to be around the country on a hybrid _ is going to be around the country on a hybrid basis so we can use this technology— a hybrid basis so we can use this technology to our advantage, but we have got _ technology to our advantage, but we have got to — technology to our advantage, but we have got to also have people coming back to _ have got to also have people coming back to work for all the other benefits _ back to work for all the other benefits that kate has spoken about and all _ benefits that kate has spoken about and all the other businesses that depend _ and all the other businesses that depend o

stephen: sir martin landray, professor of medicine at oxford university and director of the trials there, said his team already found several treatments that reduce both covid sickness severity and deaths. sir landray: dampen down that inflammation. dampen down the amount of damage that's in the lungs. stephen: in fact, in britain, two different drugs already shorten hospital stays there and reduce the need for ventilators. a third treatment identical to what josipa matusich got at stanford is more widely available in the u.k. than in the u.s., so why hasn't this country been able to keep up? dr. derek angus: covid has shone a light on the inefficiency of this system. stephen: dr. derek angus, chief of critical care medicine at the university of pittsburgh, says, out of about 30 million people who have already caught covid-19 here in the u.s., only a few thousand have been enrolled in clinical trials so far. stephen: how is it a country with such vast medical resources, so much money put to medicine, have so little to show in terms of covid-19 treatments? dr. derek angus: it's not that w

of the anecdotes we tell and our story adam smith are for the wealth of nations in 1776 compared to inefficiencies at oxford university in england to the scottish system. one of the things he pointed out is the professors were lazy, the administrators were operating in such a way they thought there was a continuous cash flow. they did not have them deliver anything to the students. children under the students cheated came to class late it's the same patterns received 250 years later are still taking place in the university system for. >> necessary for good job anymore? depends quite a bit on the field. certain college degrees math in the stem fields on the other end of that there are some degrees like in theater you start asking the questions of your spending over the course of your spending may show to college there may not be the type of career path because the job market is not there for those types of degrees. >> in your book cracks in the ivory tower we talk about general education classes quite a bit, why? >> right. jen ed are these classes everybody takes. there is roughly about a third of the college experienc

rana mitter, director of oxford university's china center says there's a battle of narratives acrossstrait: essentially, the people's republic of china under xijinping argues that the reunification of the mainland of china with the island of taiwan is the last unfinished business of the cold war, it was 1949 when the two parts essentially slipped from each other and they are getting more urgent in their rhetoric about them coming together. on the taiwan site, as you heard, the story is very different. that is of an island that has been separated for more than seven decades from the mainland, which has become a liberal democracy, free media, very different from the authoritarian state on the mainland and cannot see anything attractive about the idea of being unified. two sides of a narrow strip of water but with very different stories about the future. things have been simmering for a long time, why do you think things have started to bubble now? fine have started to bubble now? one could argue _ have started to bubble now? one could argue that _ have started to bubble now? que: could

and the director of the school center of social entrepreneurship at oxford university joins me by skype from oxford, and so on. this issue of the pledges not been delivered. well, what the main reasons for that to think? well, i think particularly now as adults are very and has caused surges in some countries, and we're also seeing evidence of declining and unity over time after 2. does the vac seen and i call for boosters that wealthy countries who have been hoarding vaccines from the very beginning or perhaps now even more reluctant to part with some of those vaccines. and as you've already pointed out, it's a real tragedy. as we see, the vaccine rip through much of the global south countries are not meeting their pledges over a 1000000000 doses have been pledged by g 7, another wealthy countries for a fraction of which has been delivered. and over 300000000 doses are being ordered right now. we need to move away from this model of charity and really having wealthy countries sort of give their leftovers when they're through to one, a solid charity which involves collaboration. really

universities and great scientists and new ways to deal with the climate issue. i was recently in glasgow, where we have a new technology center. it has also to of universities around it. cambridge, oxfordi think the investment in technology, innovation, and science is one of the things the u.k. brings to dealing with this great challenge we all have. >> this is only one city trying to compete for this global role, so you are putting out there some of the strengths of the city of london. is there anything the government could do better to be more credible and attract more? is this important? what happens if it fails? jes: first of all, the banks will play a very important role in dealing with climate issues. we have our balance sheets to direct investment, but only to deal with the climate issue ultimately which is a $3 trillion, $4 trillion, $5 trillion a year issue for the globe, there is no question that london is a center of the capital markets. therefore, finding investors that want to buy securities issued by companies and governments that are involved in the transition to a greener economy, london is going to play a very important role with that. barclays will play our role in th

of years if not even a millennium. when we tell the stories adam smith watt offered motivation 1776 compared inefficiencies at oxford university in england to the scottishes system bred one of the things he pointed out that professors were lazy, the administrators and be operating in such a way as if they thought there was a continuous cash flow. they really did not have to deliver anything to the students. students cheated, they came to class late. ssreally did not care. a lot of the same patterns we see to it or 50 years later still taking place at the university system. >> host: and 2021 is a four-year college degree necessary for good job anymore? what does it get you? >> guest: i would say that depends quite a bit on the field. if you look at the returns of certain college degrees like engineering, math and the stem field, the lifetime clear earnings are well worth it on getting the college degree. and the other end of that there are some degrees in theater, drama, poetry, literature you have to start asking those questions. you are spending over the course of 84 year period in excess of 100 or $200,000 to go to college.

cristina stewart led the study out of the university of oxford and joins me now. eet these reduction targets. hora because if not we are going to meet these reduction targets.— these reduction targets. how big an im act these reduction targets. how big an impact does — these reduction targets. how big an impact does it _ these reduction targets. how big an impact does it have _ these reduction targets. how big an impact does it have on _ these reduction targets. how big an impact does it have on the - impact does it have on the environment?— impact does it have on the environment? 2 ., , . environment? quite a big impact, broadly speaking, _ environment? quite a big impact, broadly speaking, dishes - environment? quite a big impact, broadly speaking, dishes with - environment? quite a big impact, i broadly speaking, dishes with meat have a much higher environmental impact and plant—based dishes. there is huge variation and impacts depending on how and where it is produced but broadly speaking, plant—based dishes have a lower impact. we try to estimate the change in

also the development of life saving treatments, both of which baltic or scientists from oxford university, but on the whole a litany here of criticisms and failures laid bare in the report. that concludes, as you said, britain's early handling of the corona virus pandemic was one of the worst public health failures in u. k. history. i'll take you through a couple of the pilots. it looks at the delay by boris jocelyn ordering the 1st locked out in march. 2020, that despite evidence from other countries that showed the lockdown to being used to some effect. but that was part as the report of a deliberate policy aimed at achieving heard immunity as proposed by official scientific advisers. it caught said the report a significant number of lives, only when that policy was found to be or shown to be impossible. did the government change? tacket accuses scientists and ministers of, quote, group think leading to a lack of transparency and decision making, a lack of meaningful challenge, a lack of information and knowledge sharing with international experts. all who were dealing with the same pri

spies again, unnamed, just some spies that the apparently cracked the information rules of the oxford university store, the formula and the well, at least maybe not the formula, but the general idea behind the astrazeneca vaccine, and that allowed russia to create its own sputnik v vaccine. so since then, the creators of this particular vaccine, they released their own statement. and in the, in this state that statement, they went into detail as to why that was not possible. and that was simply a case of fake news. so a few points that they're making is the fact indeed sputnik re and astrazeneca, the use, a similar approach like the technology. i mean, i don't want to get too deep into the, you know, biochemistry terms. but in general terms, the technology they're using is the same. but for example, astrazeneca is using the bi materials extracted from a chimpanzee from the, from the chimpanzees. while sputnik li uses a human platform, you know, it relies on a human platform. all still also on top of that, it's important to understand that well, so right now sputnik, the creators are working with

a study carried out at the university of oxford found daily meat consumption has dropped 17% in the lastyear—old is really boy who was the only survivor of a cable crash in italy has been heard in tel aviv. he was with his brothers and two great grand parents and brothers when the cable car fell to the ground, killing four people. guardianship was liven killing four people. guardianship was given to _ killing four people. guardianship was given to his _ killing four people. guardianship was given to his aunt _ killing four people. guardianship was given to his aunt who - killing four people. guardianship was given to his aunt who lives l killing four people. guardianship l was given to his aunt who lives in italy. last month, his other grandfather flew him to israel without her permission. 0ur middle east correspondent reports. it was a heart—rending story. when this cable car crashed in northern italy five months ago, everyone inside the cabin was killed, except one boy, apparently saved by his father's protective hug. eitan biran, who is six, lost his parents and younger brother, as we

notably, of course, the very rapid development, the rapid approval rollout of vaccines and also effort to predict the universe at oxford university to develop rapidly develop shipments the recovery trial emergency job with that with the treatments and the bumps of other treatments that were being touted at the time, but this is an abundance the critical report. there is no way of getting away from that and short of a full, independent inquiry that's been promised by boys johnson to happen in 2022. this is as bad as it gets jonah. thank you very much for that join a whole reporting their life from london. the u. s. state of texas has banned organizations and companies reinforcing covered 19 vaccine mandates. governor greg abbott has been one of the most vocal opponents of making vaccines mandatory in the u. s. is move comes as the biden administration prepares to require employers with more than a 100 workers to be vaccinated or test weekly for the virus. in brazil, president jane bolton arrow has told a journalist, he is bored with questions about his nation surpassing 600000 deaths from colbert 19. that's the 2nd high

cases in the last 5 years of harassment and no platforming of academics expressing traditional views about gender affected universities include oxford and cambridge. we heard in fact, from an oxford associate professor who says, faculty and students alike and no afraid of expressing their views about gender. there are a lot of universities which are not protecting academic frame freedom and allowing particularly female academics to be harassed and also younger. younger faculty and students who are too fearful to, to say what they really think about issues around 6 agenda as well as other issues . universities don't care about academic freedom, university vice chancellors. and you know, the administrators in university don't care. i think the problem is, is that some particular arguments, some particular perspectives, that trend, some trans people he hold, not all of them have become institutionalized, almost like a kind of religious dogma within the university. so that become almost like an official doctrine and official orthodoxy within universities. and i think that's not right now. what we're calling them on is that the equal rig

are moments of praise for the vaccine rollout and the development of life saving treatments both involving scientists from oxford universityoes not exonerate the government or its advisers for a litany of criticisms set out in what is an almost universally scathing report. bobby lost his dad took covid-19 in april of last year. he wants an apology. >> this moment is not about politics. not about saving face. it is about understanding the pain people are going through and doing what we can to ameliorate that and preventing from happening again. you can convey all of that in two simple words, "i am sorry." the decision to not do that i think that's a different and unfortunate message quite loudly. reporter: the national covid memorial wall outside parliament bears testimony to the pandemic laid bare the extent of , and parliament has now laid bare the extent of government responsibility for those losses . a public inquiry is due in 22. jonah hill, al jazeera, london. anchor: it has been more than a year and a half since the u.k. left the european union, that this week, both sides are on a collision course over how their rela

moments of praise for the vaccine roll out, and the development of life saving treatments, both involving scientists from oxford university. but that does not exonerate the gulf nador it's advisors for a litany of criticism set out in what is an almost universally scathing report lobby. aquino la, lost his dad phemie to cobit 19 in april last year. he wants an apology. this moment here isn't about politics. and of saving faith, it's about understanding the pain that people are going through and doing what we can to ameliorate that and then prevent it from happening again. i think you can convey all of that in 2 simple ways and i'm sorry, so that decision to not do that, i think send a different, i know fortunate message quite loudly, the national coven memorial wall. opposite parliament bears vivid testimony to the pandemic. and parliament has now laid bare the extent of government responsibility for those losses. a public inquiry is due in 2020, to jonah whole al jazeera london. still ahead and all this in a gas and oil prices have surged on. there's a shortage of coal. we look at what's fueling the global energy crisis

are moments of praise for the vaccine rollout and the development of life saving treatments, both involving scientists from oxford university. but that does not exonerate the government or its advisors for a litany of criticism set out in what is an almost universally scathing report lobby akin. ola lost his dad phemie to coven 19 in april last year. he wants an apology. this moment here isn't about politics. another saving face, it's about understanding the pain that people are going through and doing what we can to ameliorate her and then prevent it from happening. jen. i think you can convey all of that in 2 simple words of, i'm sorry, so the decision to not do that, i think, sense a different, another fortunate messrs quite loudly. the national cove at memorial wall. opposite parliament bears vivid testimony to the pandemic. and parliament has now lay bare the extent of government responsibility for those losses. a public inquiry is due in 2022 journal whole al jazeera london. this is more than a year and a half since the u. k. left the european union. but this week, both sides are on a collision course over how their r

of severe disease. a 2nd candidate developed by oxford university researches and being trial right now in kenya has already shown 77 percent efficacy in early results. as some of you may know, i started my career as a my little researcher and i longed for the day that we would have an effective vaccine against this ancient and 30 builders. and today is that day an historic day to day w jose recommending the broad to use of the world's 1st my leader vaccine. dr. thomas employer is a texas mcclain's chief global health officer joint us now from when belgium via skype. thanks so much and for being with us it tell us about the figure on the efficacy that seems to be different depending on how it's used. 30 percent around a severe disease disease seems quite low, but i understand it's been used with other drugs and that brings it up as well. that is correct. a clinical trial reserves, but the london school of hired student, for example, just published their own study, which was independent of cheers care. and when they combined the normal chemo prophylaxis before the rainy season with the work scene, you had a

of the vaccine. the magic potion invented at oxford university, distributing to vaccination centers everywhere. the army in action in glasco where they set up a huge vaccination center. they vaccinated so rapidly that we wereac able to do those crucl groups one before, the oldest and most vulnerable, faster than any other major economy in the world. and though the disease has sadly not gone away --e [applause] the impact on death rates has been astonishing. and i urge you all, because every day the vaccine dependencies are getting stronger and stronger and all of you, everybody watching, you made this rollout possible, you made eachwa other safer. so you should thank each other. [applause] try a c cautious fist bump. it's okay now. we think that the public health work -- above all, unbeatable, unbelievable. [applause] as a response responsible conservative government we must recognize the scale of the achievement but also of the challenges ahead. when i was lying in the hospital last year, i looked leary out my window at a hole in the ground between the icu and an older victorian section. and a

drjennifer wild is the lead author of the research at oxford university and runs the "shape recovery"d we expected rates to be lower than what we found that we found that 44% had ptsd and 39% had depression. that was surprising. the other surprising finding was the trauma associated with ptsd to significant proportion of the health care workers related to coronavirus trauma, and a higher proportion of health care workers related to trauma before the pandemic, but it was difficult to deal with during the pandemic, most likely due to the high demands of working with pandemic working. you artiall working with pandemic working. you partially answered the question i wanted to ask you. perhaps you could elaborate a match as to why you think the rates are so high? element there are a number of contributing factors to the high rates. but we have discovered with this study is there a high rates of personal and occupational trauma in health workers. this is notjust difficult events we might see on the job, but they have trauma in their personal lives. there are two traumas contributing to facto

if people decide to use that as another excuse in their range of weaponry for the reasons they are not getting vaccinated. oxford university did a big study at the beginning of october, if you're vaccinated, you're 30% to 65% less likely to transmit covid to somebody else than if you have not been vaccinated. the range because different vaccines work at different degrees but everyone vaccinated according to that study is less likely to transmit covid. that's the fact. the reason you have courts across the country, judges across this country appointed by republicans and democrats throwing out lawsuits against vaccine mandates is because vaccines are a public health benefit. it's not just for you and me or dr. emanuel, it's for everybody else. that's why you get vaccinated because you don't transmit to the same degree and so you protect the vulnerable. we have to do a massive factual campaign to counter all the disinformation out there because the disinformation is going to kill people. >> that's what's so critical. there's got to be a difference ethically and medically between someone having a well informed conscientious ob

we're joined now by professor myles allen from the university of oxford, and drjennifer allan, from cardiffh is a huge step forward. up until then, there was this kind — forward. up until then, there was this kind of— forward. up until then, there was this kind of pretence that if only some _ this kind of pretence that if only some countries took action we could .et some countries took action we could get it— some countries took action we could get it sorted out but actually we need _ get it sorted out but actually we need more countries tojoin in. that was the _ need more countries tojoin in. that was the huge step forward in paris but it— was the huge step forward in paris but it did — was the huge step forward in paris but it did this by being deliberately a little bit vague, and that's— deliberately a little bit vague, and that's with a politics comes in. paris _ that's with a politics comes in. paris was _ that's with a politics comes in. paris was designed to be flexible, to allow— paris was designed to be flexible, to allow countries to do what they felt they _ to allow countries to

of us. with debbie. >> i want to thank our generous sponsors, the history channel and oxford university prep. tee history channel and oxford university press. thanks to everyone who submitted questions today and finally a special thanks to our the private world of the presidential retreat. >> hello welcome to another episode of history live. i'm doctor colleen i'm a senior vice president at the white house historical association and the director of the david science center for white house history.

university of sheffield here in the u. k. specializing and climate change. she joins us now from oxford. sir, thank you so much for joining us here on al jazeera, we're just seeing that report of when the impact of climate change, for example, in zimbabwe. but many other parts of the world when actually it's the g 20 countries, the wealthiest countries in the world that are responsible for 80 percent of greenhouse gas emissions in the world. there's a lot of talk of climate climate financing. can you see that happening in this time? i called 26, where that is the sort of wealthier nations will step up and help. well, we know that up to 2019, there wasn't enough money flowing from the rich nations, the world's to poor ones. and by enough, i don't mean what actually the poor countries would really like, but what the developed countries that promised as long as those 2009. and then again, in the paris agreement in 2015, the rich nations promised that they would mobilize a $100000000000.00 a year of finance to help poor countries, both reduce their emissions and even more importantly, as we'v

of this product and the nutrition provided. >> reporter: a recent study at oxford university has shown that judged against the nutrition it provides expensive. but let's go back to that bucolic scene of those cows grazing on those highland pastures. cattle grazing is arguably the most efficient food producing use to which these foods can be put, because nothing much will grow here other than grass. and there are lots of other areas of the world like that. as with so much of the environmental argument, there is a lot to chew over. mark phillips, scotland. >>> from cows in scotland to rocks in green land, environmentalists continue to find new weapons in the battle against climate change. ian lee has this story. >> reporter: who knew destroying the planet could help save it? in scientists blasted open a mountain filled with what they call climate-saving rocks. >> the chemistry is unique. it's created in the early days in the formation of our world. >> reporter: it's called an or though site. what makes this rock so important is calcium, silica and aluminum. >> a very good quality for fiberglass. we also use for ceramics. >> reporter

university because my parents could not may pay for. there is no way i could contemplate taking out a loan. >> you talked about your application to oxford. basically being told you were out of your league. even as we wrestle in the united states of the cost of education for everyone, including community college, the elite universities seem to be ever further away from the pocketbooks of the middle-class. and in a sense we are getting to the point where people used to be able to go to elite universities are out of their league when they try. what was this experience like when you went for your interview? >> the private universities like harvard, princeton, yale, they have a lot of scholarships. people for me for example still. a lot of people do not even know about it. when you are in a high school that teaches have college counselors are discouraging you from going to university and taking on loans or even applying for grants you do not even of those opportunities are there. this is the whole oxford story. wanted to show someone from my skull, my background. he asked me and a couple of other kids in my class she tried to apply. oxford had an entrance exam. at that time and

there ever since last year, completing her own schooling with honors from one of the top universities in the world, oxfordat experience? >> as a girl in my early 20s, trying to get her education, but almost make friends and socialize. i enjoyed my time in beautiful colleges and libraries of oxford and i made some great, amazing friends there. >> malala clearly enjoyed being just another student, but to countless girls worldwide is a role model fighting for their future this is the day of the girl. there are a lot of young girls that look up to you. what is your message >> believe in yourself believe in your voice. believe in the dedication and determination that you hold for the things that you believe in you can make it happen >> we're so thrilled to have two malala contributors joining us now. assembly of the malala fund vocationation. if people hadn't been standing holding the signs, i may not have survived. what does this mean to you >> to me, assembly is a world where girls come and share their perspectives and their motivations and what motivates them to get up in the morning and rally and organize

of that back c a u . k. phenomenon. the magic potion invented in oxford university, bottled in wales, distributed at incredible speed vaccination centers. everywhere i saw the army in action in glasgow firing staple guns like carbines. as they set up a huge vaccination center in from manor, i saw the needles going like a collective sewing machine they vaccinated so rapidly that we were able to do those crucial groups. one to 4, the oldest and most vulnerable foster than any other major economy in the world. and though the disease has sadly not run away, he him the one on the impact on death rates has been, is astonishing. and i urge you all. i got you all to get are your jobs because every day of vaccine defense is getting stronger and stronger and you, you all of you and everybody watching you made this rollout possible. you made each other safer. so battery chill. thank each other go. i mean, he can enjoy courses, right? courses says bun hill, it's okay now. and we in turn, thank the volunteers, the public health workers, accounts workers, the pharmacists, but above all, untiring, unbeatable unbelievable. and h s. ah. and as

of our friends, here is the answer. uk phenomenon the magic potion invented and oxford university distributed at incredible speed everywhere. i saw the army an action and glasco as they set up a huge vaccination center. i saw the needle go in like the sewing machine. they were so rapid we were able to do those crucial groups one before the oldest and most vulnerable faster than any other major economy in the world. and though the disease has sadly not gone away. [applause] the impact on death rates has been astonishing. i urge you all to get your jobs because every day vaccine defenses are getting stronger and stronger. all of you you and everyone watching made this rollout possible. you made each other safer. perhaps we should think each other, go on try it. [applause] try a cautious fist bump. as we think the volunteers the public health workers, the pharmacist but above all are unbeatable, and hs. and as a responsible conservative government we must recognize these sheer scale and the scale of the challenge ahead. when i was lying in sick thomases hospital lester look blearily out my window at a hole in the ground betwe

universities weren't on his sheet... oh, really? "why would i send you to winchester rather than oxford?" on the basis oft was, i suggest you go in the army and then maybe a professional qualification. you were born in kenya, where he was serving. he did half his life in the army, and then he worked in the city. he thought the army was a good career. i think he was surprised that i stayed and profited from it, but he thought it was a good thing to do for three years. it almost went horribly wrong when you were kicked out of winchester college cadets. i wasn't terribly successful, i was drawn to the golf course. i got caught out, so i reverted to private soldier. because you went to play golf? absent without leave, they weren't impressed. the theory was that you would join the army, leave and do what? i think my father thought accountancy. i wasn't terribly successful, i was drawn to the golf course. i got caught out, so i reverted to private soldier. because you went to play golf? absent without leave, they weren't impressed. the theory was that you would join the army, leave and do what? i think my fath