that's the take of a senior research fellow at the university of pretoria discussing the concept of packs africa in the latest episode of going under ground. find out more on south africa's for international standing and other key issues in this exclusive interview with often returns the a little later. but for now, here's a preview. what is back to african? and who do you believe we should watch out for who are going to be advocating this 21st century for africa? obviously, you know, in the spotlight, partly because of the war in ukraine is new global alliances of forged packs. africa is basically a concept that was developed in 1967 by one of my intellectual mentors, the late kenyan academic, allen, missouri. and the basic idea is that outside those should stay out of contraband. africa are led to africans with vale and complex. and he explained that through the concept come principal of continental jurisdiction, almost like monroe doctrine, africa. and he argued that through the principle of racial sovereignty, in african intervention by africa, states themselves in neighboring country

see your research fellow at the university of pretoria discussing the concept of paths. afrikaner in the latest episode of going underground. find out more of next on our team here back soon with oh, so what we've got to do is identify the threats that we have. it's crazy confrontation, let it be in arms. race is on a very dramatic or development only personally and getting to resist. i don't see how that strategy will be successful, very difficult, time time to sit down and talk ah, museums are important for preserving our history so that it is a lot to future generations. but our fiscal museum spaces themselves a relic of the past. this is one of the best museums in the world, the hematologist st. petersburg to help refuse the director here, and i bet he has met with ah, i i'm african retents. he and welcome back to going underground ragas single round the world from dubai. in the united arab emirates, african nations faced mounting pressure from nato nations to support that war on russia through ukraine, especially since vladimir putin's foreign minister sag labrons, groundbreakin