doctor emma nottingham, lecturer at university of winchester, thank you, on the case of archie battersbeest 12 people have been killed and 32 injured after a polish bus veered off a highway early this morning. the bus was heading in the direction of the croatian capital zagreb when it crashed near the city of varazhdeen. it was on its way to a well known catholic pilgrimage site in bosnia—herzegovina. three priests and six nuns were among the bus passengers. poland'sjustice minister has ordered warsaw's prosecutors office to launch an investigation into the cause of the bus crash. our warsaw correspondent adam easton explained to us what authorities believe happened to the bus. this bus set off from poland yesterday, on friday, and it was travelling southwards to that small southern bosnian town. it was in northern croatia when the crash happened, which took place at 5:40am local time, so round about dawn. apparently, it veered off the highway and rolled into a ditch, causing the deaths of at least 12 of those passengers, and injuring all 32 other people on board. we know there were two d

dr emma nottingham is a senior lecturer in child law and medical ethics at the university of winchester to summarise why there was so much batting back and forth within the court system. cases like this are usually decided outside of court. it is quite rare to see these types of cases in court although there have been a handful of high—profile cases in recent years. again, it is quite unusual for it to go through that many layers of litigation. i think what has happened in this instance is many different possible avenues the parents could have tried and it was important to them to make sure that they had exhausted all of those avenues. and ultimately that is why we ended up seeing many different cases being heard, all with regard to this one instance. the early stages focused on whether or not archie could be declared brain stem dead, i think the correct phrase is, in the end, there was some confusion over what the ruling was over that and in the end that does not seem to have been at the heart of the courts�* judgments on this. initially the case started off as being about whether they

now is dr emma nottingham, who is a senior lecturer in child law and medical ethics at the university of winchesterpple with these kind of awful ethical conundrum is. just give us an idea of what kind of evidence that the courts will be looking at and weighing up. there is another appeal going on now —— gone in now. what will thejudges of appeal going on now —— gone in now. what will the judges of the people making a decision be looking at? first of all, it is important to mention the tragedy of these types of cases and there are no winners involved. it is extremely disgusting for everyone. —— extremely distressing. the legal process is thorough, focusing on the best interests of the child, putting the child at the centre of any decision making, that is what we have seen in any previous judgments so far. so thejudges have weighed up any previous judgments so far. so the judges have weighed up the benefits and the burdens of continuing treatment so they have looked at that balance and they have looked at that balance and they have looked at that balance and they have looked at the medical evidence,