the western front what was the key fielder in growing numbers and they were old and a vigorous and unspoiled by the orders of the war was still optimistic whereas all of the other powers were jaded and defeated as it were and they were in important factor in the germany surrendered. i think it would have occurred anyway in the long run that america probably shortened the war by two or three years >> host: you've written a book called intellectuals from marks and -- karl marx, an intellectual? >> guest: these were all intellectuals. the way that i define an intellectual is someone who thinks that ideas matter more than people i don't agree with that of course i think people matter much more than ideas. but most intellectuals to fall into that category, and certainly karl marx did because he didn't think people mattered at all. what he thought mattered were ideas particularly his own. so i am rather proud of the book because i managed not merely to identify the great weakness and intellectuals, that concern for ideas rather than people, but i managed to get quite a lot of jokes particularly de

one of our nations last unspoiled wilderness ies.t a growing campaign seeks to transform these landscapes forever, turning britain's moore land into this. nature taketo let control of the landscape to reverse thousands of years of domestication and allow ancient ecosystems like this one to reassert themselves. britain's rewilder in chief. washat went on here massive d4 station in 19th century for the lead mining. then farming after that. trees were. we cut and pt cleared. you end up with this. it is really a barren landscape. the heather and grassland is typical of all over the world where you have d4 station. in britain, we fetishize it. deforestation.- in britain, we fetishize it. we think trees are undesirable, invasive species. >> his idea of what needs to happen is woodland like this. 20 years ago, this was oakland -- open moorland. >> you see the transformation. it was bleak and barren. ,ow there are insects coming in leasing the trees, birds eating the insects. is much more bio diverse, much richer. it has cover, which is what