moscow claims the us army takes up to flaws in. it doesn't. s check the whole building. maybe we are storing somewhere. where are the american soldiers here? and what about russia's assertion that the lab has plans for a prone to spread toxic mosquitoes? where is the evidence that we are doing here this. can they show us the evidence, that george is somewhere here in the mention? the thing about disinformation, fake news, is that a lot of it sounds plausible and you stop and start picking apart what you are being told and this story, as moscow has been telling it, is factually incorrect. but moscow doesn't seem too concerned about that. there is no proof at all of any experiments. we know there is no evidence right now. that doesn't mean no evidence exists, right? suddenly, even the man who started this story, igor giorgadze, is struggling to provide facts. but do you have evidence that drugs that had not been clinically approved we re had not been clinically approved were given to georgian patients? translation: no, idon't were given to georgi

moscow claims that the us army takes up two floors here. it doesn't. he american soldiers here?! laughter. and what about russia's assertion that the lab has plans for a drone to spread toxic mosquitoes? where is the evidence that we are doing here this? can they show us the evidence, that georgia is somewhere here in a dimension? the thing about disinformation, fake news, is that a lot of it sounds plausible until you stop and start picking apart what you're being told. and this story, as moscow has been telling it, is factually incorrect. but moscow doesn't seem too concerned about that. there is no proof at all of any experiments. translation: we know there is no evidence right now. that doesn't mean that no evidence exists, right? suddenly even the man who started this story, igor giorgadze, is struggling to provide facts. but do you have evidence that drugs that had not been clinically approved were given to georgian patients? translation: no, i don't have any desire whatsoever to prove anything. i'm just asking questions. is this not simply, in a

california border into one another in mexico california border not in texas and not in arizona so the us army in the us troops will be shifted towards california and i would bet that a lot of them will actually even go home as secretary of defense matters said just about a week ago as their original mission was to give some some moral support for the customs and border police which are still the only agency who are in charge with asylum seekers and people who try to cross the border not the army stefan's humans in t. i want to thank you so much. well today is universal children's day data stablished by the united nations aimed at highlighting the needs of children around the globe refugee children are among the worst off in the world in lebanon some one hundred eighty thousand refugee children are forced to work long hours for little pay just to put food on the table for their families no place has a higher concentration of syrian refugees than lebanon's bekaa valley. traveled to a camp there and has been looking at one family's plight that is similar to many others it is six in the morning i

the united states funds the class we are on the trip organized by the us army and state department they want to show us what has been achieved since the victory over as in russia and they want to encourage small countries to fund the stabilisation of the city. in the fight against the so-called islamic state in russia which included u.s. airstrikes destroyed more than seventy percent of the city. there's not much left barely any hospitals homes or anywhere to live and no man's electricity but people are slowly coming back. from a doubt it luckily some schools are opening again and we were just heard our children my daughter was not allowed to study under i.r.s. now she's in the first grade even though she's older but still she's allowed to study that's another factor that the u.s. has been giving what it calls stabilization eight to rocka that means clearing mines and rubble repairing buildings and supporting local people but it doesn't mean large scale reconstruction while the united states has said that in terms of rebuilding there can't begin until we've got here reversible. progress

reading my means government surveillance is getting downright creepy like with the research paper the us army funded called social net. structure as a predictor of social behavior the case of protest in the twenty sixteen us presidential election this paper argues that the next protest could be predicted with tweets and this will in due would have lee have a chilling effect on dissent which is why i have to distance myself from online activists. in two thousand and six intelligence agencies and research universities came together to find a new groundbreaking way to make money called the office for anticipating surprise yes that is a real government office that still exists. unlike this cabin which is not real surprised the office of anticipating surprise when it wasn't ruining magic shows helped to inject twenty two million dollars into a project called embers embers or early model based event recognition using surrogates used open source indicators social media satellite imagery and more than two hundred thousand blogs that are publicly available to model risks of social contagions that coul

moscow claims that the us army takes up two floors here. it doesn't. plans for a drone to spread toxic mosquitoes? where is the evidence that we are doing here this? can they show us the evidence, that georgia is somewhere here in a dimension? the thing about disinformation, fake news, is that a lot of it sounds plausible until you stop and start picking apart what you're being told. and this story, as moscow has been telling it, is factually incorrect. but moscow doesn't seem too concerned about that. there is no proof at all of any experiments. translation: we know there is no evidence right now. that doesn't mean that no evidence exists, right? suddenly even the man who started this story, igor giorgadze, is struggling to provide facts. but do you have evidence that drugs that had not been clinically approved were given to georgian patients? translation: no, i don't have any desire whatsoever to prove anything. i'm just asking questions. is this not simply, in a word, disinformation? i don't know. but then the aim of disinformation isn't to prove a s

former marine with the us army. baljob cuts over the next 18 months. it will also sell its q series aircraft programme. bombardier employs about a000 people in belfast — though the company hasn't yet said where the job cuts will take effect. burberry says it's on track to save 100 million this year in its half year results statement. the boss, marco gobbetti, said the reception of the new creative director's first collection for the house had been "exceptional". and dyson has won in its attempt to overturn eu rules on energy labelling for vacuum cleaners. the uk firm claimed tests to assess the efficiency of vacuum cleaners favoured rivals' models. so tell me about some research out today showing discrimination in the housing market against people relying on housing benefit? there is a shortage of social housing at the moment and high house prices, the level rapidly growing and a lot of people who obviously rent homes rely on housing benefit. national housing federation in association with the charity shelter has don

moscow claims that the us army takes up two floors here. it doesn't. . maybe we are storing somewhere. where are the american soldiers here? laughter. and what about russia's assertion that the lab has plans for a drone to spread toxic mosquitoes? where is the evidence that we are doing here this? can they show us the evidence, that georgia is somewhere here in a dimension? the thing about disinformation, fake news, is that a lot of it sounds plausible until you stop and start picking apart what you're being told. and this story, as moscow has been telling it, is factually incorrect. but moscow doesn't seem too concerned about that. there is no proof at all of any experiments. translation: we know there is no evidence right now. that doesn't mean that no evidence exists, right? suddenly even the man who started this story, igor giorgadze, is struggling to provide facts. but do you have evidence that drugs that had not been clinically approved were given to georgian patients? translation: no, i don't have any desire whatsoever to prove anything. i'm just

you've done they are going to impose on you or tell you there was actually a two thousand and eight us army report that described what you lakes as an enemy of the state and talked about different ways that they could destroy the organization and we can read about that document because ironically it got leaked to wiki leaks which then published it on its own website the left was very excited about what he said excited about the fact that things that governments had traditionally kept secret were no longer really going to be kept secret. that seem to be part of this whole new way nothing is secret anymore in the age of the internet they fear a domino effect they realize that the inside the u.s. intelligence community there are many people who have seen all sorts of abuses see after if i that this could be hundred chelsea manning thousand and us know then they can knock julian assange so whole they can do is use legal cases about against julian assange and wiki leaks which they have done. in two thousand and ten a legal case was opened against the sand in sweden for sexual assault based on th

interpreters, none of the infrastructure, and nobody had had experience in doing this before because the us armyd of construct. this was a case where we had terrorists and we were trying to figure out what us policy and what military execution of that policy would be for dealing with them. we didn't do it very well, i mean the reality is... did you get useful information? because you'll know that president trump has spoken approvingly of some form of enhanced interrogation. yeah. we got tremendous, useful information, but i would never be in favour of enhanced interrogation or torture, because in the long run, it corrodes your force, it degrades your moral capacity. we got our best information from extended conversations with detainees. we had one detainee that ultimately led us to abu musab al—zarqawi. we had him for 50 days, we interrogated him with a man and a woman interrogation team every day. not pressure interrogation, conversation building up rapport, and that's what actually works. and you're talking about a man there, abu musab al—zarqawi, who you oversaw the killing of. he features in

or the famous us army phrase, "be all that you can be". , you know what? they are actually dangerous to us because they give us an idea of how we can change ourselves that is not true. another one of those, "anyone can be president" and, given the current situation, you'd think that might be true but that ends with a quote from wc fields who says, "try and try again". .. "if at first you don't succeed, try and try again but then don't be a damn fool, give up". that's the point though. your theory would, in a way, lead us all to be fatalistic, be full of weary resignation because, frankly, we'd all get these polygenic readouts that you have already referred to, we'd see what our dna tells us are our strength and our weaknesses, both physical and mental, and we would accept that this is our destiny. you can change but isn't it better to go with the grain, to go with the flow, don't swim upstream, if you don't have to. you can change yourself. i mean, you could be like me, i'm no good at languages. we can learn foreign languages. it's just goi

has done they are going to impose on you or tell you there was actually a two thousand and eight us army report that described what the lake's as an enemy of the state and talked about different ways that they could destroy the organization and we can read about that document because ironically it got leaked to wiki leaks which then published it on its own website the left was very excited about what he said excited about the fact that things that governments had traditionally kept secret were no longer big going to be kept secret. that seem to be part of this whole new way nothing is secret anymore in the age of the internet they fear a domino effect they realize that the inside the u.s. intelligence community there are many people who have seen all sorts of abuses c.f. terrified that this could be hundred chelsea manning thousand and thus no then they cannot julian assange so whole they can do is use legal cases about against julian assange and wiki leaks which they have that. in two thousand and ten a legal case was opened against the sand in sweden for sexual assault based on the tes

has done they are going to impose on you or tell you there was actually a two thousand and eight us army report that described what you as an enemy of the state and talked about different ways that they could destroy the organization and we can read about that document because ironically it got leaked to wiki leaks which then published it on its own website the left was very excited about what he said excited about the fact that things that governments had traditionally kept secret were no longer big going to be kept secret. that seem to be part of this whole new wave of nothing is secret anymore in the age of internet they fear a domino effect that they realize that the inside the u.s. intelligence community there are many people who have seen all sorts of abuses see after we find that they could be hundred chelsea manning thousand and us know then they can knock julian assange so whole they can do is use legal cases about against julian assange and wiki leaks which they have done. in two thousand. a legal case was opened against a sanch in sweden for sexual assault based on the testimo

army is in transition as well. we are coming off 18 years of conflict. we are looking at what intelligence tells us will be a great period of competition. the army is taking a number of iniatiatives and reforms to make sure we're prepared to deal with the threats we might face in the years ahead. susan: turning to missy ryan. missy: secretary esper, thank you for being here. it is a pleasure to speak with you. i would like to ask you first about the deployment of u.s. active duty troops to the southern border with mexico. obviously that was a big point of conversation in the lead up to this week's midterm elections. i would like to ask you a question that i got from a lot of our readers as we covered this deployment, which was why was it necesssary to send more than 5,000 active duty troops down to the border states? rather than the national guard troops that have been deployed earlier in the trump administration and in previous administrations? what was it that required having the active duty force there pulling them away from the jobs that they would be doing otherwise? sec. esper: as you know, m

and that vietnam memorial with the us army and marine corps and took to recover in the seventies.then to create of the outcome of world war ii and it seemed only logical those that were so only injured the vietnam war did more to change this country than anything in recent history creating suspicion or mistrust even though the antiwar movement shows that 91 - - 92 today --dash naÏve and those two incorrectly the - - point at vietnam as a catastrophe. and how they justify the devastating revelation he responded i wonder if it occurred to ask any of the other officials how they justify not doing what i did or how they had a right for the crimes committed and the deception of the american people? they made a critical point that the great lesson they carried home from vietnam but i myself argue america's political leaders so the major settled with that disillusionment they thought they were going home with their uniforms and they were happy to see them but that was not true. another veteran is among many who still looks back the experience was huge i had a lot of trouble coming home i

wesley clark, us army, ret.: "you don't use maximum force. you use minimum force. you don't attack.d. you restore order. so he has it all wrong."the president's incendiary rhetoric on immigration is throwing the gop off its message on the economy.mr. trump tweeted about the latest employment numbers: "wow! the u.s. added 250,000 jobs in october. unemployment at 3.7%. wages up! these are incredible numbers. keep it going, vote republican!"pres. trump: "so the country is doing, i think maybe you could say better than it's ever done."but the president is riding the immigration more than any other issue heading into next week's midterm elections with continued vows to end birthright citizenship even though it's enshrined in the constitution.pres. trump: "this crazy lunatic policy that we can end, that we can end."mr. trump hinted at why he's throwing so many punches before the midterms.as he told a rally in missouri... he sensed republican momentum stalling after a trump supporter sent pipe bombs to democratic politicians and cnn and when an anti-semitic gunman committed mass murder at

a very good machine-gun used up until the early 1960s. the u.s. army entered the war not prepared for modern style warfare. the machine guns they had were not efficient. they purchased the guns from the french. probably the more common guns the u.s. used in world war i. the u.s. used some british guns in the british sector depending on the division. the u.s. did not have their own machine-gun as they were ending. we have and eight millimeter standard french cartridge. the bullets are interchangeable. it came on 24 around strips and a box of 12. it doesn't seem efficient but a well-trained can keep up a steady rate of fire. 450 rounds per minute rate of fire. one of the first modern machine guns in the fact it was not watercooled but air cooled and gas operated like a modern machine gun the unique feature radiates heat away from the barrel with the metal of the barrel radiating heat away to keep it cool. the gunner fires and burst like in modern machine guns to keep it from overheating. you can see the gas tube to work the piston pushing the gears and s

join us for in-depth fiction addition with father brad meltzer live sunday from noon to 3:00 pm eastern on booktv on c-span2. >> leaders of the 32nd army air and missile defense command and joined integrated missile defense organization joined the discussion on us missile defense systems. this conversation is hosted by the center for strategic and international studies. >> thanks, everybody for coming out. i direct the missile defense project. for the next 90 minutes or so, back to back events, 21/2 hours, and just in case we have to get up and exit the room i will flag you down the stairs just in case so nothing we do with these events is not without forethought and today is part of a series of events we are doing. the first rule about missile defense enterprises to recognize is not just about the defense agency or army or navy operations but a lot of institutions that are sometimes overlooked. our focus is the joint perspective and we will here today from five current and past directors of one of the institutions here, the joint integrated air and missile defense. this conversation was never more important and frankly the existence o

us. the army appeared imo the flare up of xenophobia and mexican towns along the migrants route is unprecedented and wanna locals are angry because the city is ill equipped to deal with the influx of people who sleep on the streets and rely on aid organizations for food they depend on you know when someone is handing out chocolate everyone crowds around people are desperate they've had to torture is journey and do it to survive there's no food in the shelters. but again during our eyes and in the end there's no get out there racially charged comments from local politicians have heightened tensions a prominent example is tier one as mayor juan manuel augusta lume who called the migrants lazy a deputy of the state governor drove home his law and order message at the protest . with also receive utils at the middle of all governments and society will welcome them and help them not only in keeping with the law residents here are very generous but they want rules to be upheld. a lot of the. previous such rhetoric has done nothing to cool the hot heads on the streets. with more and more migrants crowdi

too much for the environments be met for the first time a woman is leading the commander of the us armyd to prepare conventional army forces to have a sustained flow of trinity - - trained and ready combatant commander at home and abroad now in charge of 776,000 troops 96000 civilians this is fabulous and a great role model for girls around the world and in the country she will do a great job keeping the nation safe spin mac as she is. that's it for us. we will see you live tomorrow john scott is up next be mac with control of congress coming down to the wire president trump with a last-minute i am john scott coming to you live from washington with a special edition of the fox report. spivak another busy day in chattanooga tennessee he will stop tonight for the candidate after rallying supporters earlier today in georgia for the g.o.p. candidate in georgia checking those last poles the latest real clear ballot shows democrats with a seven-point edge but both sides remain optimistic

army, along with one of his nazi recruits. these individuals we re his nazi recruits. these individuals were weeded out, there was a joint operation tween us terminated. one of the most extreme people in the group was adam thomas, who also wanted to join the army. he and his partner, claudia, gave their baby the middle name, adolf, after adolf hitler. amazingly, just two yea rs adolf hitler. amazingly, just two years earlier, adam thomas had been in israel and trying to convert to the jewish faith. by the time of their arrest, claudia and adam's house was full of ku klux klan paraphernalia and nazi symbols. they also had ambitions for violent disorder, stockpiling weapons and machetes in their bedroom and buying a £1000 crossbow. adam thomas even discussed stealing an assault rifle from the army. his friend, darren fletcher, seen here on the left, wrote in the accredited chat group about killing anti—white mps and the government. adam thomas agreed this was a good idea. it has not been just talk, in wales, one former national action member, zach davis, was convicted of attempting to murder a seat dentist with a machete. another, jack rensh

president trump has authorized the army to use lethal force ife ssary on the border with mexico. some 6000 troops have been deployed there as a caravan of thsands of central american migrants is making its way to the united'tates. h's the president speaking to journalists a short time ago. pres. trump: you are dealing with a minimum of 500 serious e iminals, so i am not going to let the militaryken advantage of. i have no choice. do i want that to happen? absolutely not. but you are dealing wile rough pe kasia: the president speaking a few hours ago. let's speak to "the new york times" homeland security correspondent. thank you for interrupting your thanksgiving to join us. we heard the president speaking in no uncertain terms about this caravan of migrants. is he right to introduce this lethal force for the army there? >> it is unclear, because they had been throwing out this figure of 500 criminals and they have not provided where the information that come from. and then there was a memo that we reported on a couple days ago that suggested that customs and border protection off

. >> anthony: allen lardieri is a former tanker in the us army, and what he calls "constitutional conservativee may be. >> allen: you'll see a lot of parallels in rural west virginia that you see in the inner-city. >> anthony: i see a lot of parallels to places i've been. school districts that are starved, opioid addiction, teenage pregnancy, food deserts, you know where there ain't nothing but fast food. >> allen: yeah, exactly. where's our whole foods? it's non-existent, sir. >> tony: why would west virginia overwhelmingly go for a guy, donald trump, who has never changed a tire in his life? who sits on a gold toilet. >> allen: yeah. everybody else talks around us or whatever, this man talks just like us. like how we talk to each other in the mines. it ain't pretty, it's straight talk. >> anthony: well, you know, they say he tells it like it is. i don't know that that's true. he says outrageous things, i guess that's refreshing. >> allen: you know, i gave up on political saviors a long time ago. i'm not going to be naïve and go ahead and say that i think that there is going to be one individ

over here of us today yes here's another irony afshin the times reports european army can protect us from us policy says mark drawn the short version is simple trump invades your well not exactly if trump or putin invade europe he thinks that having an independent european army gives us the independence to fight alone against the russian threat and potentially against whatever's coming from america today doesn't define that threat is the irony then he goes and marches parades for peace and armistice day with wait for it putin and trump that would be an interesting conversation maybe the e.u. will protect iran after all you leaders are opposing trump on the iran deal and their parent leave the european union is saying that they go ahead with all this i think nigel furred reminded us that this would be happening and it was always denied this go into our intelligence services our security state and on it goes the canary reports m i six knew that the key source justifying the invasion of iraq was tortured but used his intelligence anyway now this is a dark store. turns out and it's not s

that's the most common machine the french army during this time period of the war. 1916 to 1918.m very good machine gun. the used up until maybe early 1960's in some french colonies. the u.s. army actually entered the war not really prepared for warfare.yle the machine guns they had weren't really efficient, so they purchased a lot of these the french. this is probably one of the more common machine guns that the as. army used in world war i well. as a matter of fact, the u.s. usedsome -- excuse me -- some british guns in the british depending on the place where they shot. the u.s. didn't have their own machine gun until browning came with his machine gun. so what we have is the eight-millimeter cartridge, the other frenchhe welchs so, the bullets were -- weapons, so the bullets were interchangeable between them all. it came in a box of 12. and it doesn't seem efficient loading in the strips, but a well-trained crew with gunner and loader could really keep up a steady rate of fire. rounds pers 450 minute rate of fire. this is considered one of the thet modern machine guns in fact that it was not water-cooled, it

used with sidecars to transport officers. we have and the national world war i museum and memorial a harley davidson with army colors and it is all original except for a few running parts. this has a history after the war but during the war it was used by american and british. after the war it was sold in surplus in england's inventory. the transportation into the early 1950s. from their, it went to another fellow who kept it and it came to the united states to a collector and then we acquired it from the collector in 2006 and it became part of the exhibition here. to really see a harley davidson with the same appearance as it was in 1917, that was an incredible thing. the next thing we will see on exhibition is another vehicle used by the united states during the war and it was a model 1918 ford ambulance. before the united states entered the war on april 6 1917, americans had been volunteering both to serve in humanitarian efforts and to help the war efforts. especially in the allied nations. american volunteers really went into action before america became a belligerent by driving ambulance for the french and british and b

and when pershing was observing, the allied commanders said we will use the army for plugging holes.ing said no, i've been watching what you are doing. we are not going to have that. we are going to fight as a unified american command or not at all. that's how we managed to keep the army together, because he realized if they allowed the allied commanders in europe to utilize the american force, not much would change. so in come the americans with a different attitude. and a lot of people say well, , the americans made the difference. well we made a difference, not the difference. at the same time they had to take into account that they were running out of supplies, the germans. their economy was in shambles, generations of men had been lost. they didn't have much more to run on. then take into account the new forms of combat that were taking place. tank warfare had been introduced, the battle of cambrai. then you have -- that was another factor involved. with the american showing up at the much of the same time, you wind up getting the defeat of germany that would take place. the ame

you think misconstrued it seemed at first that it was you know he was calling for a european army against the us but that's not quite what he meant what do you think he he really meant no it's not to build an army against us because mccall is agreeing with nato france has been an ally of the united states of america for the last two centuries and that it's and my call will not jeopardize this alliance and we are in a military alliance called nato this will not be questioned but there is also the field of cyber war and in the cyber space yes europe have been attacked by by by russia by china for you know a technology called industrial spying and also by america because we know that the it is a palace in paris as been act by the and as a the national security agency of america in two thousand and twelve in april two thousand and twelve so much doesn't want does that. is not scared by any threat of a military u.s. a gratian against europe of course not but it's saying that they see a matter on the cyber spate of cyber war and he wants a strategic answer from your op to the cyber offensives by china

could you please spend a little bit of time and tell us why you joined the united states army in the middle of a hot war? and then tell us just a little bit about your initial training and assignments as you deployed to vietnam. and let's start with phil. >> okay. i think the army, in my family was kind of a family business. we have had someone in the u.s. army from the spanish-american war forward in every major war. we didn't get here in the civil war, guys. we got here late. 1880s, all over by then. my father was -- served in oss, in the second world war. my father was a career officer. i was an army brad. i grew up in the army. i always wanted to lead wanted n soldiers. you live in the army as a child. it certainly wasn't the army we fought in in vietnam, coming up, and rising in age i wanted to lead soldiers, i wanted to lead history, i wanted an army commission and i did not go to west point because they had a packaged curriculum in civil engineering, and i wasn't going to sit through four years of that. so i came to vmi and i really found the right school. immediately after gra

army uses today, figured out in 1914-1918. the problem was 660 shells is that is a lot of people back home, doing a lot of production. the politicians are telling the generals, you guys figure it out. our society is under immense pressure, and at the end of the day, he might be right i am not sure how we can push people before they crash. giving you 660 pounds of shell per yard of trench, figure out what that sweet spot is to do it. so, of course they are telling you the truth, in this revolutionary period of warfare, these generals have to learn the craft, and have to figure out the new realities. something that they have never been prepared for and sadly, when you figure it out, it is costing human lives to do it. but there is a second problem, when you start firing 660 pounds of shell per yard of trench, you are literally changing the face of the earth. i love these pictures, little farmhouse, that is what that looks like in june 1916, and that is what that same farmhouse looks like less than three months later. you see the

i'll say persistently aggressive behavior as we escort our army vessels, use army vessels, navy vessels in the region. we pay attention. i think the threat remains high. on the kindest to coming the centcom commander in those parts of the world. we are a sporting fires capability. we bring that maritime law enforcement expertise, the broad authorities, we cultivate the navy fleet of vessels over the work under the authorities to cut think there's question probably best answered a respected geographic support commanders here where coast guard provides some of the niche capability. >> russia? >> undoubtedly, i think we see russia, you know, meddling in a lot of different places in more aggressive than in recent years. within my department, homeland security, we have a midterm election coming up and we got coast guard cyber professionals working with the department of homeland security is hunt and incident response teams. working with our dod colleagues under u.s. cyber, to make sure we have secure elections so there's russian -- i'm not going to touch russia. that's not in my lane and som

you know, and synergizing it with the army radar to maximize the capability, once again, extending the range of our current systems without any new type systems. we used the army and the joint force to leverage current army capabilities that in patriot, in being able to get the interoperability between to so you have intergration between that and patriot to maximize the capability of those two systems, once again using existing capability to maximize against an increasing threat in the theater. and then prioritizing the upgrades that were planned for some of the systems in theater whether it's army or joint and then accelerating those upgrades to be able to get after more advanced threats and in using everyone on the joint team whether it's air force being in the counter-air fight, to the navy being in a ballistic missile defense fight. and one of the things i found being as the 94th commander, i couldn't just stay in my regional focus inside. i had to reach out to the entire enterprise. and is one of my -- and one of my reach-outs was to jiamdo when i came to the building and they briefed me on the study, which was enlightening. we take a holistic vi