but i would say nearly every time in that q & a, will you give us gettysburg? >> would you say that over the course of the 30 years you've been doing this the interpretation of lincoln has changed or become more nuanced? are there any issues that we're dealing with as a society that you've had to rethink with lincoln? >> actually, it's deepened it, because in the current politics, with division, it parallels those times prior to the war. i'm not suggesting that is everything but when you talk about divided politics it's the 18 fifties all over again. when folks say how did you do it in your time, what was that we need to work together. we must not be enemies, but friends. we wanted to spend time with you at this president's way we can't, >> in closing, as we think about abraham lincoln on his birthday week and on presidents'weekend, what is the essential lincoln? what do you think is his message of our time that you most want people to be thinking about? >> let us bind up the nation's wound s wounds and i think the anger we see and hear, and i run into it like

i would say nearly every time in that q&a, will you give us gettysburg? >> would you say that over the course of the 30 years you've been doing this the interpretation of lincoln has changed or become more nuanced? any issues we're dealing with as a society that you had to rethink it as lincoln? >> it's deepened it. in the current politics with division, it parallels those times prior to the war. i'm not suggesting we're on the cusp of that. when you talk about divided politics, it's the 1850s all over again. so, when folks say how did you do it in your time, what was that? we need to work together. we must not be enemies, but friends. >> we wanted to spend a few minutes with you on this president's day weekend. in closing as we think about abraham lincoln on his birthday week and president's weekend, what do you think his message for our time? >> let us bind up the nation's wounds and i think the population -- the anger we see and hear -- i run into it like this, not necessarily lincoln. but that working together and that it's all right to reach across t

i wanted to bring us up to gettysburg. they fought through a number of battles thus far, losing men left and right, significant casualties, and by the time they get to gettysburg, pennsylvania, the irish brigade is a brigade in name only, not in numbers. a handful of companies barely thistogether at gettysburg is a map of gettysburg, the union army will lose first day of the battle and end up .etreating to cemetery hill i have outlined eight horseshoe shape on cobb's hill and cemetery hill. by july 2, the goal is to spend the union line down cemetery ridge and eventually hold the high ground, little round top. general george meade has taken over from general burnside and general hooker, who we skipped over, is now the fourth commander these guys have had. general meade takes over due 28, 1863. he sees the precarious union position. hellnts this high ground -- held to the south and gives the order to dan sickles, also out of new york city but not a west point graduate. he is a politician and decides he did -- he prefers a d

they determine hospital in gettysburg looks like it will be purchased and used for retail purposes. i'm working with the gettysburg battlefield preservation association to try to find a few acres where we can put up a marker like this for the jonathan letter in hospital. thank you very much for the donations that came up from the gofundme page from several different states outside of pennsylvania. today we are going to look at -- don't pointed over there, we're not. backwards? there it is. upside down and backwards. okay. the point of no return. abraham lincoln and the election of 1864. we are going to look at this as if this is 2018, and we are going to look back on it and see some serious types that have come forth in the past several decades. we will look back on it and say of course he was going to get reelected. that is the impression most people have if you read any textbook or most popular treatments. lincoln is elected in 1864? who is going to doubt that? we will see there is plenty of doubters to his reelection of 1864. how does that relate to the doom of the confederacy? di

us as americans? fundamentally, lincoln nailed that in the gettysburg address. what identifies us as americans is a proposition that all men are created equal, and the history of how we have unfolded and lived with that proposition is really the most important aspect of our identity. so when we write about our histo history, we're not just doing antequerism. we're doing a year by year, decade by decade referendum on that proposition. i regard what i have done in the popular press fully as much as the academic press as being two sides of one coin. that is how do we explain ourselves to ourselves as americans? and that should draw in more than just an academic audience. that should draw in all of us, because that's what touches all of us, and that's what identifies all of us. so, if i'm writing, for instance, for the journal of the early republic or for the civil war history, or if i'm writing for "the wall street journal," or if i'm writing for the washington post, i really regard those as being part of an overall endeavor. it's our constant reminder of ourselves

tell you again that we're working on another one, the letterman hospital in gettysburg looks like it's going to be purchased and used for retail purposes and i'm working with the gettysburg battlefield preservation association to try to find a few acres where we can put up a marker like this for jonathan letterman's hospital. thank you very much for the donations that came in from the go fund me page from several different states outside of pennsylvania. today we're going to look at -- no, point it over there. or not. backwards. there it is. upside down and backwards. okay. the point of no return. abraham lincoln and the election of 1864. we are going to look at this as if this is 2018 and we're going to look back on it and see some stereotypes that have come forth in the past several decades. we're going to look back on it and say, well, of course he was going to get reelected. that's the impression that most people have. if you read any textbook or most popular treatments it's like lincoln is elected in '64, who is going to doubt that? we're going to see there is plenty of doubters to his reelection of 1864. now,

the letterman hospital in gettysburg looks like it's going to be purchased and used for retail purposes, and i'm working with the gettysburg battlefield preservation association to try to find a few acres where we can put up a markup like this for letterman hospital. thank you for the donations that came in from several different states outside of pennsylvania. today we're going to look at. we are going to look at this as if this is 2018 and we're going to look back on it and see some stereo types that have come forth in the past several decades. we're going to look back on it and say, well, of course i was going to get re-elected. that's the impression that most people have, if you read any textbook or most popular treatments, it's like lincoln is elected in '64, who is going to doubt that. we're going to see there are plenty of doubters to his re-election of 1864. how does that relate to the doom of the confederacy? did the confederates say we give up, he's in the white house, it's over, march 4th, 1865, it's done? no, they're not doing that. are any other of the individuals who didn'

it was used to move union troops and supplies and was often under attack by confederate forces. the gettysburg heritage center in pennsylvania hosted this talk. >> a little bit about our speaker. we have with us today scott mingus. i have known scott for a number of years but i really didn't know scott until i reviewed his bio that he sent to me. surprisingly, he is a scientist and a consultant in the global pulp and paper industry. and he holds patents in self-adhesive postage stamps and barcode labels. i never knew that. he is an ohio native, graduate of miami university. while working for avery dennison, he was part of the research team that developed the first commercially successful self-adhesive postage stamp. he has written 20 civil war and underground railroad books. his biography of general william smith won multiple awards, including the dr. james i. robertson junior literary prize for confederate history. he has written several articles for the gettysburg magazine and other historical publications. scott and his wife debby reside in york pennsylvania -- york, pennsylvania. scott? sc

the president was question enough to mind me the use of the lincoln bedroom as an office for the day. while. that evening, at a desk, the gettysburg address was, the president gave my wife, who is an immigrant from england, the use of the queen's bedroom across the hall. she was allowed one phone call. [laughter] it had to be someone back in england, it couldn't be in america, she called her dad. dad, you won't believe it, it's going to be neil. it's about to happen. he said honey, i've stayed up late in england. it was evening announcement. he said, i've been watching your television programs over here and there's another fellow dear friend of mine with a call on tape driving toward washington, so it's not going to be neil. [laughter] she said but dad, i've in the queen's bedroom, i think it's going to be neil. [laughter] she said, he said but honey, the other type would be down the hall. [laughter] that's a bit of a feel what it was all like. >> leaving your home in colorado was also a bit of an operation. >> it was. i tell that story in the book but what really followed from a big change for me and a shock was the loss of anony

union used to move troops, ammunition and supplies and was often under attack. the gettysburg center in pennsylvania hosted the stock. >> i've known scott for a number of years but i did not really know scott until i reviewed the bio he sent to me. ina scientist and consultant the global pulpit paper industry and he holds patents in self-adhesive postage stamps and barcode labels. never knew that. he is an ohio native who graduated from miami university. teams part of the research that developed the first commercially successful self-adhesive u.s. postage stamp. written 20 civil war and andrground railroad books his biography of general william awardson multiple including a literate -- literary prize for confederate history. he has written several articles forgetting magazine and several other publications. scott and his wife debbie reside in northern pennsylvania. scott: thanks for coming today. i want to talk about the role of the railroads in pennsylvania. i have written three books on the railroads. respectively from east to west, the philadelphia-wilmington baltimore rail

hagerstown maryland to harrisburg, pennsylvania, used to send union troops ammunition and supplies and was often under attack by confederate forces. the gettysburgeritage center in pennsylvania hosted this talk. >> a little bit about our speaker. we have with us today scott mingus. i have known scott for a number of years but i really didn't know scott until i reviewed his bio that he sent to me. surprisingly, he is a scientist and a consultant in the global pulp and paper industry. and he holds patents in self-adhesive postage stamps and barcode labels. i never knew that.

, i would us accounts, archival films, lectures and college classrooms, and visits to museums and historic places, all weekend, every weekend on c-span3. >> tonight on the civil war, gettysburg national military park ranger talks about the formation and combat experience of the union army's irish brigade. here is a preview. >> he's got a bigger problem than winter. he has very low morale in some of these troops. he needs to find a way to revive that energy. remember the overall plan? why are these men fighting? again experience to take back the pfeiffer ireland's freedom -- while he is losing almost nine out of the 10, he's open the experience that one gains will be enough to carry over for ireland's freedom. he has to balance the reality with the need of these soldiers. they will put63, on st. patrick's day activities. these are actual drawings of some of the events that took place. he will instigate a party of reverie, of gaiety, and he will look to revive the men and keep their interest not only in fighting in the american civil war, but eventually for ireland's freedom. many contests were held. forhad different contests enlisted men versus some of the officers. the enlis

union used to move troops, ammunition and supplies and was often under attack. the gettysburgenter in pennsylvania hosted the stock. >> i've known scott for a number of years but i did not really know scott until i reviewed the bio he sent to me. is a scientist and consultant

us a couple examples. >> the story that most people are familiar with about the battle of gettysburg is the one that comes from ron maxwell's movie, joshua lawrence chamberlain on little round top. >> "save the republic". >> yeah. >> i think the western world. >> let's stay with saving america. >> you talk to a lot to wilt chamber lan. >> he's an academic, for god sake. >> that's what my 12 step process is about. no. people are familiar with that both because of the movie and because of michael's wonderful novel. >> and ken loved chamberlain. >> he did. all honor to joshua jameis beret lan, he did the right thing in the right moment. what i thought was important to put attention on was how chamberlain's story really gets replicated so often and in so many different places on july 2nd. in a sense chamberlain is only one example of how when the command structures of third corps and fifth corps are really going to pieces, junior officers, people who are a couple months out of clerking in their father's law office, take charge of a situation somehow he i -- instinctively make all of the right calls and keep s

us some examples. allen: the story that most people are familiar with in the battle of gettysburg, it comes from rod maxwells movie, it is little round top. gary: i think the western world -- allen: i think that is a little too far. [laughter] allen: let's stay with saving america. gary: you are an academic, for god's sake. allen: that's what my twelve-step process is about. [laughter] allen: but no, people are familiar with it because of the movie and a wonderful book. and all honor, it was the right thing at the right moment. what i wanted to put attention on was how chamberlains story gets replicated so often and in so many different places on july 2. in this sense, he is only one example of how, when the command structures of the third core and fifth corps are going to pieces, junior officers, people just a couple of months out of clerking in their father's law office, take charge of an operation and instinctively make all of the right calls and keep saving the day time and time again, it is not just chamberlain on the south face of little round top, it is patty o'rourke showing up at the right moment. i

us, as george washington put it, for our safekeeping. we will see if the idea of a republic like this can survive. like lincoln asked on the gettysburg battlefield, can the nation see a long survival? what with the lessons learned from history, to answer your question directly, what would they look like? clearly you need intelligence. you need to see something like this early, or see it coming, so the person you would do is have -- the first thing you would do is have something, maybe call up the world health organization. we would be all honest in our reporting, and we would be urgent. we would report quickly. it would go into some sort of international group, whether it be in one location or connected by the internet, as we have the capability to do today, and the best minds in the world would be working together to shortstop this thing, and people with warning could use it. political leaders would be guided by science and medicine, not by narcissism, and quickly decide to start taking action that would be based on a compilation of scientific and medical opinions of what are the most effective ways to stop this, reverse it, save li

gettysburg, george bush after 9/11, reagan after challenger. barack obama sang amazing grace. they pick the things that unit us broadcast it back to us and it allows us to have the presence of a comforter, of a leader. the fact that donald trump didn't even have an oval office address to me is mind boggling. so we're a country who has to walk through this hail storm of twitter at a time when we feel vulnerable because of what's happening around us. it's an awful moment. i hate to be such a downer on a friday evening, but this has been a bad, bad week. i'm sorry. >> woodruff: and i hate to be bringing it up at the end of this week, but, mark, in about 20 seconds, how do you pull it together? >> well, judy, i mean, this is a unique experience for america because those who are dying are dying alone without the comfort of their family. their families are depved of the comforts of the rituals of wakes and funerals and memorial services and the company of fries and survivors who come to comfort them, and, you know, at a time when we really do need the voice of that leader who can speak to all of us and for all of us

series, the civil war, gettysburg national military park ranger carlton smith talks about the role of confederate general james long street in the 1865 appomattox campaign. using maps and describing troop movements he outlines the general's path during the retreat from richmond through the surrender at appomattox courthouse. the talk was recorded in january, 2015, by the national park service. at 7:00 p.m. eastern, rear of washington journal, in american history to be studied session for high schoolers taking the advanced placement u.s. history exam. our guests were matthew ellington and jason stacy, co-authors of fabric of a nation, a brief history with skills and sources for the ap course. they slain how this years exam is structured, provide strategies for the free response answers -- they explain. demonstrate how to analyze historic dock myth and respond to questions. at 8:00 p.m. in his lectures in history. george mason professor and sam levesque teaches a class about u.s. politics and economics of the early cold war. at 10:00 p.m. eastern, 7:00 p.m. pacific on our weekly series, reel america, in 1965, the u.s. army produce a five hour, 10 part documentar

gettysburg addres the last full devotion to the country. secretary esper, how are you >> good morning, savannah, how are you? >> i'm well, thank you we're happy to have you with usface extraordinary time this morning with a shooting that happened at a base in corpus christi, texas. fbi officials are rather quick to say this is terror related. the shooter was terror related can you shed light on that conclusion, why they came to that conclusion. >> yeah, sure. first let me say, i agree this is a very somber weekend, a chance to remember all americans, men and women alike, who passed away and died while in uniform this remembrance goes back to the civil war. it's a very important time i plan on spending it this weekend at arlington national cemetery and heading to fort mchenry in baltimore with the president. again, it's a great chance to remember those who have given their lives to defend our great nation and protect our values. it's very special. i hope americans will keep that in mind as we celebrate memorial day. with regard to the attack at corpus christi, the fbi is on the case now we do know the basics of what happened with this person trying to enter the g