best men because the cruises were shorter and the prospect of profit was greater than serving in the us navy. they had to compete with the army. by the end of the war in order to get people to serve, the war department was offering bounties r that were $134 in cash and 320 acres of land. base based on unskilled labor in those days, that's probably about $30,000 today. there were a lot of seamen who could not resist the lure of that bounty and figures show that about 5% of the u.s. armies were seamen. they asked people what their trade was and about 5% were seamen. they went where the money was. so the u.s. navy was competing not only with private ears and the u.s. army. certainly didn't have an opportunity to pick the best seamen. most of our crews were british subjects. that was not true. there had been a fair number serves in the navy, but after the chesapeake affair in 1807, the navy department ordered that no more british suggests be employed and most once war was declared, left the us navy any way because they knew if they were captured, they were likely to be hanged. teddy roosevelt wh

us navy destroyed their base. shortly therefore, the british approaches lafitte and offered him a deal if they would throw their lot in with them. they offered them a commission in i think it was the navy and also a land after the british success at new orleans but said i need some time to think it over and instead negotiated with the americans basically in exchange for pardon for his past crimes. he was willing to side with the united states. now, the myth is that he played a significant role in the battle of new orleans. his men did help man some of the artillery batteries in jackson's line and the lafittes really knew the terrain around there, so they provided some sbil jensen to jackson. but they did not provide him with cannons or muskets. much of his role the myth is a as a result of the memoir he wrote and published in the 1950s and some very good historians have used that because whoever fab fabricated it was smart enough to do it on paper from the early 19th century. it looks authentic, but it isn't. it i

now, of course, no one in the public knew that the navy had decided not to use the full powder charges for the monitor's guns. ericson was furious about that when he found out and later was proven correctly, had the navy used the full amount of powder that he recommended, the shells would have gone through the merrimac's skin. but you have all sorts of northerners proposing different styles of shell. bolts, steel-tip shells. you have j. buyers write in saying, well, the way to break the hull or the plating is to coat iron balls in led. that once they hit the enemy's case made, the led will flatten out and therefore concentrate the thrust of the shell and that this will either crack or actually go through the case. sounds great on paper. actually, probably not very viable. you have a carriage demaker fro elgin, iowa. i have created a special shell that can go through any plating. he sends in all sorts of drawings that look terribly complicated and not very workable. jesse strum writes in and says, i have a specialty shell that can destroy the monster from the deep from richmond. the onl

now of course no one in the public knew that the navy had decided not to use the full powder charges for the monitor's guns. ericson was furious about that when he found out. later was proven correctly that had the navy used the full amount of pouder thwder that he recommended the shells would have gone through the merrimac's skin. you have all sorts of northerners, proposing different styles of shell. that, that bolts, steel tipped shells, you have -- j. buyers write in saying the way to break the hull or the -- the plating -- is to coat iron balls in lead. and that once they hit the enemy's, case mate, the lead will flatten out and therefore sort of concentrate the thrust of the shell. and that this will either crack or actually go through the casement. sounds great on paper. probably not very viable. you have a carriage maker from elgin, iowa, write in saying i have created this special shell that can go through any sort of plating and sends in all sorts of drawings most of which look terribly complicated and not very workable. jesse strohm writes into the president and says i have

now, of course, no one in the public knew that the navy had decided not to use the full powder charges for the "monitor's" guns. ericsson was furious about that when he found out and later was proven correct that had the navy used the full amount of powder that he recommended the shells would have gone through the "merrimac's" skin. but you have all sorts of northerners proposing different styles of shell, that bolts, steel-tipped shells. you have jay byers write in saying the way to break the hull or the plating is to coat iron balls in led. and that once they hit the en y enemy's casement the lead will flatten out and therefore sort of concentrate the thrust of the shell and that this will either crack or actually go through the casement. sounds great on paper. actually probably not very viable. you even have a carriage maker from elgin, iowa write in

us. the navy uses it for -- as -- well, the navy went on to use it for clandestine deep diving operationsthe offshore oil industry picked up on it right away because it was moving into deeper water just at the time sealab was coming of age, and it needed underwater work force, needed construction workers who could work for long hours at deeper departments -- depths, and those guys are doing work we don't see and work we don't know in crazy places like the bottom of the north sea in rather the same conditions, and they are there as descendents of this program and there is only one remaining u.s. sponsored sea-base in existence, which probably most people don't know or can't name. it's the underwater version of the international space station, essentially. it's owned by the international oceanic and atmospheric administration, noah, -- noaa, and it's called asquareus, off the coast of florida, and been in operation for 20 years there. for scientific purposes largely, and it's a descendent of sealab, a small one in some ways but a descendent nonetheless and a significant one the people who u

us. the navy uses it for as far as -- well, the navy went on to use it for clandestine deep-diving operationse offshore oil industry picked up on it right away because it was moving into deeperwater just at the time sealab was coming of age, and it needed underwater work force, it needed, basically, construction workers who could work for long hours at deeper depths than ever before and, oh, this is how you do it. and those guys are out there doing that today, work that we don't know in crazy places like the bottom of the north sea in rather insane conditions, and they are there as descendants of this program. and there is only one remaining u.s.-sponsored sea base in existence which probably most people don't know or can't name. it's the underwater version of the international space station, essentially. it's run, owned by the national oceanic and atmospheric administration, noaa, and managed by the university of north carolina wilmington, and it's called aquarius, and it's off the coast of florida, florid it's been in operation for about 20 years there for scientific purposes largely, and i

us. the navy went on to use it for the clandestine deep diving operations and the offshore oil industry pickedp on it right away because it was moving into deep water at that time sealab was coming of age and it needed underwater work force to basically construction workers that could work for long hours and a deeper depths than ever before. this is how we do it and they are out there today doing work we don't see or know and crazy places like the bottom of the north sea and rather in same conditions. they are there as descendants of this program, and there is only one remaining u.s. sponsored sea bass in existence which probably most people don't know or can't name is the underwater version of the international space station essentially. it's owned by the national oceanic and atmospheric administration, noah and managed by the university north carolina wellington and it's off the coast of florida and it's been in operation for about 20 years for scientific purposes largely come and it's a descendant of hasim -- sealab and there were several in between sealab and aquarius but that is another s

navy in terms of strength, but it's managed to put the americans on high alert. the main reason, the memory of the attack on the "uss cole" in 2000. suicide bombers suicide bombers used a small boat loaded with explosives to target the ship when it was off the coast of yemen. 17 sailors died. u.s. navy commanders are worried iran might use high speed boats to do the same thing should another emergency arise. >> the use of small boats, especially if they're suicidal and they do number in the hundreds, is very difficult to defend against. traditional naval battles have been fought between large ships. >> reporter: and so the u.s. navy is doing something it's never done before. it's using several state of the art unmanned aircraft to survey the persian gulf. the planes keep around the clock watch for suspicious activity at sea. the navy's als the navy's also equipping all its vessels in the gulf with precision cannons capable of shooting approaching high speed boats. the preparatio the preparations don't end there. u.s. military lead u.s. military leaders have a contingency plan in place should iran's revolutionary guard's navy try to block the strait of hormuz. experts

use of small boats, especially if they're suicidal and they do number in the hundreds, is very difficult to defend against. traditional naval battles have been fought between large ships. >> and so, the u.s. navy is doing something it's never done before. it's using several state-of-the-art unmanned aircraft to survey the persian gulf. the planes keep around the clock watch for suspicious activity at sea. the navy's also equipping all its vessels in the gulf with precision cannons capable of shooting approaching high speedboats. and the preparations don't end there. the u.s. military leaders have a contingency plan in place, should iran's revolutionary guard navy try to block the strait. experts believe iran yan authorities have stockpiled about 5,000 underwater mines. to counter the threat, more u.s. navy vessels are now equipped with robots that can dive and search for the explosives. last month, u.s. navy brass announced they will double the number of this type of ship in the gulf to eight. >> we will monitor the situation with their exercise carefully and act professionally at sea. and we don't go looking for trouble but if trouble finds us we know what to do. >> reporter: and so the u.s.

but it's my understanding -- this is obviously a very important issue for us -- that the navy was only able to support 61% of the combatant commander's requirements for attack submarines in the year 2011; isn't that right? >> that's right. >> so we're only currently in 2011 when the combatant commanders asked for support attacks, asking essentially 6 out of 10 requests. >> that's right, ma'am. they provide requests. they're adjudicated within the joint staff, and our distribution providing worldwide presence. >> and the navy has requirement for 48 attack submarines? >> that's correct, senator. >> and based on where we are, is it correct to say that when we look at the build rates that are proposed that the navy will only have 39 attack submarines if we look forward to 2030? >> that will be the low point, yes, ma'am. >> so we'll have a nine-submarine shortfall in 2030 if we continue with the proposed build rate that we have in this budget. >> yes, ma'am. that's the depth, and there's a breadth to that as well. it's also the width of that as well. >> right. so this is a real concern, and

. >> okay and what other campaign is the navy very useful for him? in the west. vicksburg. you guys hopefully remember that. so you have here the goal to annihilate, at least in widely's interpretation, confederate military power by destroying armies. what does grant not always seek for? and this is why widely sees him as praiseworthy. >> he doesn't always look for a battle. he criticizes scott for going through unnecessary battles and losing men when he could have gone around objectives. >> in what war? >> the mexican war. >> yes. >> who is the exponent of napoleonic strategy? the chapter you read before that? it's lee. so grant wants to destroy -- and i want you to understand this. when he says a strategy of annihilation, he's not meaning a battle. he's meaning in this case he's basically saying the there are other aways of achieving the objective. generally, especially the objective is far less costly. what's the other thing that hasn't been put up here and involves this issue of noncombat tans? >> supplies. >> yes. >> all right. attacks on -- and how do you do that? let

so what other campaign is the navy useful for him? >> in the west. >> in the west. vicksburg. okay. it's vicksburg. you probably hopefully remember that. you have here the goal is to annihilate at least in wigley's interpretation, confederate military power by destroying armies. the way to destroy armies are multiple versions. what does grant not always seek for and why wigley sees him as praise worthy. >> he doesn't always look for a battle. he criticizes scott for going through unnecessary battles and losing men. >> who is the exponent of the napoleonic strategy, the chapter you read before that in the book? it's lee. so, grant wants to destroy -- and i want you to understand this because when wigley says a battle of -- a strategy of annihilation, he's not means necessarily the battle. he's meaning, in this case he's basically saying there are other ways of achieving that objective which are more effective and generally especially the option of maneuver leading to seizure are less costly. what's the other thing that we put up -- that hasn't been put up here and involves noncombati

navy s.e.a.l. himself, his new book tells the story of how he went from a california surfer to one of america's most elite soldiers. with us.e.a.l. brandon webb, former course manager for the navy s.e.a.l. sniper program. he wrote the best seller "the red circle," the sniper corps and how i trained the world's deadliest marksman. brandon, it's a real pleasure to have you here. >> thank you. i'm a fan. >> what are we missing? in other words, our military capabilities are world class. the training you went through and you demonstrate are without parallel. our paths are uniquely identified targets and address them through the very techniques you teach is extraordinary. what could we learn about what those capabilities to both be more respectful of them and also use them more effectively? >> i think what i talk about in the book is really, you know, what goes in to making up the chris kyle who wrote "american snipe sniper." just the tremendous sacrifice these individuals make on a daily basis and the impact at home with their families as well. i try and really convey that in the book, and it's just a tremendous sacrifice that

politicization of this, secretary mavis went up on the hill last week and was grilled hard about the navy's use of biofuels when i think his decision to use biofuels is the right one. my question is to mr. smith on fed ex. you have so many airplanes now. biofuel has been proven to work in airplanes. do you have think plans to use biofuels? and secondly, one of the big problems with that is funding on the development front end. it could it seems to me on the industry side it would be a good thing to invest in. >> well, the industry is working very hard on this. boeing and airbus, who agree on very few things, just in the last week along with embraer of brazil announced a consortium to work on biofuels. lufthansa, virgin, klm, i think alaska airlines, qantas, many commercial carriers have flown airplanes powered with fuel mixed with jet a, and the fuel is made from kamalina, algae and so forth. that's all been certified. as i mentioned earlier today the navy is calling the fa/18. they call it the green hornet. we have two or three at fedex. this has been derided by the popular press and the conse

politicization of this, secretary mavis went up on the hill last week and was grilled hard about the navy's use of

here to tell us about this new show is dale lumay, the navy league's national executive director.dale, welcome to the show. >> thank you. great to be here, sir. >> let's start out with some of the basics. what is the navy league of the united states and what do you guys do? >> the navy league of the united states is a 501c3 nonprofit organization. we were founded in 1902 at the direction of president teddy roosevelt. we support the maritime services and aviating marine corps coast guard and u.s. flag merchant marine and we support them through advocacy, we inform the american public about the need for maritime services and we support the families and the servicemembers by supporting youth programs, the navy league see cadets, young marines and junior rotc. and one of the ways that we do all of that support, helps us support is the nation's largest maritime expedition, the sea, air space. >> the show obviously has been going on for a very, very long time, very important conference that goes with this side and also the trade show aspect of it. what are some of the differences we'll

it was developed in south korea and resembles the thome hawk missile used by the u.s. navy. it has a range of 1,000 kilometers. >>> g-20 leaders are coming together to discuss some common challenges. our business desk has more on that. >> reporter: common challenges, indeed. high oil prices taking center stage is the credit crisis over in the euro zone. the group of 20 finance ministers and central bank governors began their meeting in washington on thursday. they are discussing steps to contain the european debt crisis. measures will include boosting the lending capacity of the international monetary fund. japan's finance minister and bank of japan governor are taking part in the two-day meeting. japan has pledged $60 billion to the imf. other european nations also agreed to contribute. the fund's base will increase by 320 billion. a key focus is how emerging economies will respond. but the united states has decided not to give any extra financial support. the u.s. is the largest contributor to the imf. heads of the group of seven nations held talks before the meeting to ir

together with the nigerian and the guinea navy, the french navy and all those who operate in the gulf of guinea. we show up and there's two of usre and nobody there for a period of time. so i'm meeting in fact next week with the chief of the french navy. that's one of the things we're going to sit down and do, senator. we need to synchronize what we're bringing forward and our -- for us as we move into the future when we bring on the joint high speed vessel we'll have a better opportunity to patrol in that area, with a ship that resonates better. >> yeah. i direct this at both you and general amos. i was in liberia not long ago and met with the navy and with the marines there and a lot of what they're doing the increased activity in the western part of africa, the 1206 and the programs have been helpful. would you comment as to that? >> senator, it's been a year and a half since i was over there on the liberia side. previous contractor had been done, was unsatisfactory with the government. my sense in talking with both the president and the american ambassador there and the chief of defense was at that time they had been very h

. >> the navy is using heavy-duty equipment to clear debris while the investigation continues. >>> turning, now, to presidential politics. and the question is likely republican nominee mitt romney losing ground to president obama? our new poll seems to offer a simple answer, that is yes. this is scott goldberg here from new york with the results. >> reporter: the poll says there's a number of reasons the president's chances are looking better. a good run of economic news has something to do with it. but what really stands out is the gender gap. the president has a huge lead among women. >> reporter: there are several political lifetimes to live between now and november. so, things could change. but if the election was hold today, president obama would have to like his chances. a new poll out this morning has the president leading mitt romney, his likely gop opponent, by seven points. last month, they were in a dead heat. the president's biggest advantage is women. they like him by a margin of 57% to 38% over romney, nearly 20 points. it's a giant gender gap democrats have been happy to tal

we worked really hard to accommodate fleet week both in 2012 and 2013 to make sure that the navy can use piers 30, 32 for birthing purposes. we provided special provisions in five dates for 2012 and additional dates at 27 and 30, 32 subject to the port's approval. other provisions include port repair obligations, we have been doing a series of walk-threws of the port facilities with the event authority, identifying conditions that need to be improved not only for the event but will provide a long-term value to the port and port is obligated to pay up to $500,000 in repairs and working closely with the maintenance division to implement that repair plan. venues will be provided rent free. we plan phase delivery particularly of piers 27-29 site. we need to accommodate construction activities of the cruise terminal up through march of 2013. but we will be handing over parts of the site as turner is done with them. likewise, piers 30, 32, the goal here is to phase construction activities at that site so that we can take a break in construction, accommodate the world series in 2012 at pearces

more about in a few moments, the air staff, the major commands in the air force, as well as the navy, who uses on board oxygen generation systems well in several of its aircraft and what i would consider to be a completely collaborative relationship with the primary equipment manufacturers in this case, lockheed martin, boeing and honeywell, all of whom, in my view, totally focused on providing the people we needed and the assets we needed to try to get to the bottom of the problem. now we also took the results of the ground test that general hogue and his team had run and his recommendations for dynamic airborne tests because some of the things that were occurring in the aircraft, in the incidents, happened in the air, could not be repeated on the ground, and during the -- what i would say is very extensive challenge tests to the life support system and particularly the onboard oxygen generation system. they believe that they needed to specially instrument f-22 and get it in the air to determine whether we could find repeats of some of the incidents that had occurred and help us get the root

using defense dollars to subsidize new energy technologies is not the navy's responsibility nor is it sufficiently the corps's mission to justify such expenditures. including where you got the authorization to spend this money on energy, finally, we'll consider the three multiyear procurement budgets including the budget submission. they must meet the criteria in law, including the substantive savings considering 10% in stability and design. i thank you, mr. chairman. >> thank you, senator mccain. mr. secretary. >> thank you, mr. chairman. chairman levin, thank you, member mccain, members of the committee. i want to start by thanking you all for the support that you give to our sailors, marines, civilians, their families in the department of the navy. and insuring that they get what they need to do their mission. the pride that general amos, the commandant of the marine corps and greenert and i take in leading these dedicated sailors, marines, civilians of the department who selflessly serve the united states as exceeded only by the accomplishments of the brave and completely selfless

used against the monitor. people write in with all different strategems about how to go about destroying the merrimac. some offer basic ideas that navy officers, of course, had already thought of. some say, well, let's use a giant net, as if the merrimac is some sort of large guppy, that it can be scooped up with these tugs and you would grab the merrimac that way. also, to use, again, sort of a chain lasso that you fire this grappling hook over the merrimac and capture it that way. you have two individuals, edward post, to latch onto the merrimac so she couldn't get away and hammer her in submission that way. or there was the cradling option. again, you use this grappling hook and a chain, you shoot it over the merrimac, it latches ahold, and according to its author, jay miller, that you could then rock the merrimac back and forth until water starts pouring in and it surrenders or sinks. he's not shy about his idea because he says, let this rough suggestion be well studied. reminding gideon wells how simple a thing was david sling in taking on the goliath. c.l.pasquale has one of the crazier ideas which i call dump and sink in which

used against the monitor. people write in with all different strategies about how to go about destroying the merrimac. some offer basic ideas. the navy officers of course had already thought of. some say, well let's use a giant net. as if the merrimac is some sort scooped up, you have two tugz witugz -- tugs, grab the merrimac that way. swarm and sink. i have already mentioned. and then to use again, sort of a chain lasso, you fire this grappling hook over the merrimac and capture it, that way. the -- you have two individuals, ed win post and samuel mitchells write in with the grappling hook attachment, the monitor can latch on to the merrimac so she couldn't get away and hammer her into submission that way. or there was the cradling option. again, that you use this grappling hook and a chain, you shoot it over the merrimac, it latches ahold. and, according to its author, j. miller, that you could then rock the merrimac back and forth until walter starts pouring in and it surrenders or sinks. because he says, let this rough suggestion be well studied. reminding gideon wells how simple a thing was david's sling in taking on the goliat

the navy has set a goal to get 50% of renewable fuel by 2020. biofuels can help us reach those goals. when the defense side makes big commitments like the navy and defense department has made, it can be a down payment on progress on the civilian side. it can help us drive infrastructure and capacity that we all need. to be successful, biofuels as we node need to be -- require no modification to the line they are fueling. boeing has been involved in biofuel testing. we've been doing that since 2008. last summer we flew a new 747-8 to the paris air show on a biofuel blend. in addition we see the military moving forward with biofuel implementation as well. the secretary of the navy and agriculture announced the largest purchase of biofuel in government history, nearly a half a million gallons of advanced dropped in biofuel. in 2010 the navy flew a super hornet, f/18 super hornet on a bioblend. we now affectionately call that airplane the green hornet. it is allowing us to drive implementation of biofuels the air force haas certified the c-17 for unlimited use on biofue

on the air and on the sea in the future and so you said that hillary was pivoting towards the navy can tell us more. but she recently was a page that was part of the forest a lecture series of the naval academy and in this age she laid out a vision of american grand strategy in asia that echoed in a lot of ways to navies of american grand strategy and it was very you know obviously she was telling her to be something they would want to hear in a place where the navy was but nevertheless the grand strategy she put forward was almost identical to how the navy thinks about politics and how the navy thinks about its approach to the station and it was very interesting that it came from the secretary of state and it seemed to me to indicate. that the navy really is sort of the premier strategic service of united states right now you know there are probably people in the air force who would disagree maybe the army but the same to indicate to me that that's what secretary clinton gave it was really central to how she thought about grand strategy especially in the asia pacific if that's the case what d

general giving my best advice -- it would be don't avertly close the straits because the american navy will kill us, but if we simply drift off every once in a while on

general giving my best advice -- it would be don't avertly close the straits because the american navy will kill us, but if we simply drift off every once in a while on undisclosed attack that sinks a tanker or two, the insurance coapanies will do the rest and we will start this effort of bringing the west to its knees through gas prices in our country, probably in excess of $10 a gallon. so, there are a lot of tools they have that can be used to manipulate us. it's pretty challenging to think about. >> let's open it to the audience for questions and we'll begin with my colleague, director of economic studies here. >> do i need a mike? >> yes, sir. please speak into the microphone and identify yourself. >> you just did. >> i did. >>. >> i've been jousting with conservatives on this question of security. and not just having meet their reaction to the fact that environmentalists want to get us off fossil fuels. i might say mr. lutz that you were as unkindly treated by cnbc this morning as anything fox might have arranged. so you apparently do have a problem selling this to conservatives. and i agree.

us. we probably won't see the real bin. right now i'm very optimistic. >> very exciting, and thank the marine corps for that great work. second mabus, i wonder if in light of the navy's need for strategic dispersal of undersea warfare assets, scl the clinic could comb through and give us your assessment of the marine patrol value of the submarine base in new london. >> the submarine base in new london is one of the key components to strategy just in terms of what you pointed out, the fact that we will be keeping attack submarines in a 40-60 split, atlantic-pacific. what mr. greenert testified to a little bit earlier, that it's. where the capacity and the meeting of these incredible warships are needed, and i also want to thank the state of connecticut is needed. they've addressed about 40 million dollar into the sub base there. so that we can maintain that base at the high operate of operational readiness after it been washed and. . . it become such an important mission, and would you agree also that with the increasing trend toward unmanned, under water vehicles and counter mine warfa warfare, that base is only increasing? >> i will agree with that, v. >> thank you.

advice to the ayatollah or ahmadinejad it would be don't close the straits because the american navy will kill us, but if we simply drift off every once in a while on undisclosed attack that sinks tanker or two in the gulf which is in our backyard, the insurance companies will do the rest and we will start this effort of bringing the west to its knees through gas prices in our country probably in he can ses of $10 a gallon. so, there are a lot of tools they have that can be used to manipulate us. in ways that's pretty challenging just to think about. >> on that ominous note, let's open it to the audience with questions and we'll begin with my colleague, director of economic studies here at hudson. >> do i need a mike? >> yes, sir. please speak into the microphone and identify yourself. >> you just did. >> i did.

throttle back to accelerate, but the japanese navy was heavily influenced by the british royal navy, which uses the common sense, the standard push to go throttle. so i couldn't help but wondering how interesting must it have been to be in a joint aviation conference when japanese army and navy pilots were hopping cockpits? it could've been the same. [laughter] >> you want to answer questions? >> yes. if anyone has questions i would be delighted to replied. yester? >> how was the navigation the pilots use early in the war before they had radar to basically guide themselves back to the ship's? after the mission, or even going out on a mission. >> naval aviators in that era, up through the end of world war ii, had what pilots called the ouija board, and it was a plotting board about -- it would fit on a tray that was flied out from under the instrument panel, and it had a circular grooves on it. and before launching from the carrier you would plot your point of departure, and then use the circular grid to factor in the wind, which greatly was inaccurate -- which was frequently inaccurate. and the