usaid has begun to implement the lessons learned from iraq and afghanistan. over the past two years, administrator shaw has instituted one of the most comprehensive reform packagize have seen in my time with the agency. our usaid reforms as we've named them are designed to ensure that we provide a more effective business model and deliver more sustainable and results driven development programs. implementation and procurement reform is a key element of usaid forward and i want to note that this reform agenda is complimentary to many of the recommendations of the cwc so usaid has already made great strides in enhancing the oversight and accountability for our acquisition and assistance portfolio. for example, we are increasing transparency. we have been working actively with our department of state colleagues to make foreign assistance data available to the american public. as a result, anyone can view usaid spending, including overseas contingency operations online at foreignassistance.govv. we have been actively engaged in strengthening our oversight. in feb

the state department and usaid budget is essential for our national and economic security. it's also something more. a down payment on america's leadership. when i took this job, i saw a world that needed america but also one that questioned our focus and our staying power. so we have worked together to put american leadership on a firm foundation for decades ahead. we ended one war and are winding down another. we have cemented our place as a pacific power. we have also maintained our alliance across the atlantic. we have elevated the role of economics within our diplomacy and we have reached beyond governments to engage directly with people with a special focus on women and girls. we are updating diplomacy and development for the 21st century and finding ways to work smarter and more efficiently and after the first diplomacy and development review, we created two new bureaus, taking the work we were already doing on counterterrorism and combining it with other efforts for counterterrorism and energy. i really commend senator lugar. it was his idea, it was his talking with

this is a particular problem in the state department and the usaid. i don't think they had anticipated these sorts of programs before the situation that existed once 9/11 occurred. we were very lucky. chairman mccaskill mentioned, have gotten to support of senator john warner when we are advancing this legislation through the senate. he was my senior senator, was a republican. i have worked with him when i was a young marine when he was secretary of the navy. i followed him as secretary of the navy, and he, by stepping forward and demonstrating that this was an issue with wide concern and for people like himself who had spent time in management positions and the pentagon, really helped us push this over the threshold and into reality. we had a bipartisan wartime contracting commission. i think they did a really fine job. i was disappointed a lot of the findings had been sealed up for 20 years, but the overall recommendations i think i something they will be able to work on, in terms of am planning legislation to get into management, policies and how w

commonly known as usaid. she is a member of the senior executive service with more than 20 years of federal service and has held several key positions at usaid, including senior deputy assistant administrator in the bureau for management and director of the office for management, policy budget and performance. it's the custom to swear in all witnesses that appear before us. if you don't mind, i'd ask you to stand. do you swear that the testimony you will give before this committee will be the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth so, help you god? >> i do. >> let the record reflect that all of the witnesses have answered in the affirmative. please be seated. we will be using a timing system today. we would ask that your oral testimony be no more than five minutes. your written testimony will be printed in the record in its entirety. i am told that i have -- we have committed a protocol gaffe. mr. kennedy. that under the hierarchy of undersecretarys versus directors and assistant administrators that

agency for international to the limit, commonly known as usaid. she has more than 20 years of federal service and has held several key positions at usaid, including senior debt to the assistant administrator and the bureau for management and director of the office of management policy, budget, and performance. it is the custom of the subcommittee to swear renault witnesses, so if you don't mind, please stand. the use where the testimony will give before this committee will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you god? but the record reflect all the witnesses have answered in the affirmative. please be seated. we will be using a timing system today. we ask that your testimony be no more than five minutes, your written testimony printed in the record in its entirety. i am told that we have committed a protocol gaffe. mr. kennedy, under the hierarchy of undersecretaries versus directors, he should be first in the pecking order of the hearing, so we will call on you first for your testimony concerning your input into this

>> former usaid officials. >> wha tis usaid. >> it is armed to distribute foreign aid. >> they have a grant to do what? >> to help stand up afghan ministries, to mentor them, to organize land title process that is really confused because of the turmoil, it to do alternative lifestyle products. >> if you can make a ton of money if you are an afghan farmer, why we do care about the rest of it? >> had not been successful. >> we are finding out be poppies? -- we are finding be poppies? -- funding the poppies? >> indirectly. if someone who thinks so we're doing is terrific, you would that be? what would they say? >> we're making progress. >> they do not even use the term "winning" any more. >> what is succeeding in this case? >> excellent question. >> does anyone define it? >> it gets pretty hazy pretty fast. >> the headline was it is time for karzai to pick the u.s. out of afghanistan. he wrote about the fact that we were kicked out of iraq. what was your reaction? >> in might be a good thing. >> is it time for us to leave? >> yes. >> you talk about the history of different world governme

>> former usaid officials. >> what is usaid. >> it is armed to distribute foreign aid. it is part of this state department. >> they have a grant to do what? >> to help stand up afghan ministries, to mentor them, to organize land title process that is really confused because of the turmoil, it to do alternative lifestyle products. -- projects for opium farmers and teach that can women how to raise chickens. >> if you can make a ton of money if you are an afghan farmer, why we do care about the rest of it? how old would you talk somebody out of doing that? >> had not been successful. -- they have not been so successful. >> we are funding the poppies? >> indirectly. i think you could make that case. >>if someone who thinks so we're doing is terrific, you would that be? -- who would that be. what would they say? what would be a reverse of what you say? >> we're making progress. >> toward what? >> they do not even use the term "winning" any more. >> what is succeeding in this case? >> excellent question. >> does anyone define it? >> it gets pretty hazy pretty fast. >> the he

the men and women of state and usaid. working with them is one of the greatest honors i've had in public life. with so much on the line from arab world to asia pacific, we simply cannot pull back. investment in american leadership did not cause our fiscal challenges and retreating from the world will not solve them. let me end on a personal note. american leadership means a great deal to me personally. it is my job everywhere i go and after three years, 95 countries and over 700,000 miles, i know very well to land in a plane that says the united states of america on the side. people look to us to protect our allies, stand by our principles, serve as an honest broker in making peace, to stands up to bullies and tyrants everywhere. american leadership is not just expected, it is required. it takes more than just resolve. it takes resources. this country is an unparalleled force for good in the world. we all want to make sure it stays that way. i would urge you to work with us to make this investment in strong american leade

should be spending hundreds of millions of dollars on usaid. yesterday, the web site told me that it does for economic and agricultural development. i don't think we should be doing that. the iraqis have more than enough incentive and their own resources to do those things. we paid too much attention to oil. i think we pay too little attention to oil. iraq's resources come overwhelmingly from exported oil. more than 90% of which is shipped through the gulf under iranian guns even when the existing pipeline to turkey is operating. this is where we have failed glamorously. shipments of iraq's oil by pipeline to the northwest on syria undergoing transition, would help to reduce iranian pressure on iraq and all line iraqi interests with those of europe and the united states. we have done too little pipeline diplomacy in iraq. this means iraq's oil and eventually gas will traverse kurdish/sunni populated territory which means political reconciliation is a prerequisite. some will see that as an insurmountable obstacle. i see this challenge one worth

as the most recent oversight meeting i ascended ig staff from defense, state, usaid, log command igs discussed critical oversight challenges and exchanged information in a productive and collaborative matter. i also met with senior commanders there to determine how the d.o.d. ig met. the senior commanders understand the need for transparency and oversight and the men and women serving deserve to know every dollar spent for their held, safety and security is spent efficiently and effectively. i believe the organizations that do oversight and the command are working well together to make this happen. to make this effort even more effective, we at d.o.d. ig have a special deputy inspector general for southwest asia who functions as the authoritative source to plan, coordinate, deconflict and effectively coordinate oversight. he served as the chairperson of a principal forum to provide coordination and cooperation of comprehensive oversight. this group meets at least quarterly, is comprised of representatives from 25 agencies, functional components and command igs. we as an oversight com

the renaissance now taking place in that area in northern africa, and a lot of that credit goes to usaid. you might want to comment on some of those contractors. >> thank you, senator, and thank you for your praise. i look forward, actually, to going to gulu. i've heard about the tremendous impact that we collectively, the u.s. government, have made in partnership with ngos, international, local, and certainly the government of uganda. we programmed more than $100 million last year into northern uganda, and that was about 50% of the resources that went into northern uganda last year. and it's all coordinated under the government's peace and reconstruction development program. and a.i.d. is a major contributor and other donors and the government itself is, as well. before i get into commenting on some of the specific programs of our implementing partners, i want to say this is one area where we're being forward leaning, recognizing that there is some good capacity within some of the local governments there. and so when administrator shaw was before you and discussed some of the forward re

and in the partnership with the usaid, supporting the project to increase the civilian protection toarly-warning capabilities and strengthen the overall resilience of the communities. we also believe that the target of efforts to encourage the lra fighters to peacefully surrender have a great effect on reducing the the lra's number. mr. chairman, we believe that an opportunity for the further u.s. support in the state department's war crimes program we welcome the legislation that would expand the authority of the program to that end. in closing, let me reiterate their our partners in the region who are in the lead countering the lra threat and this impact. but the united states can provide a critical, capable support to these efforts. mr. chairman, i submit a longer version for the record and also if you want to take this to say thank you to the invisible children and to the jacob and the others that are here today. >> thank you so much, ambassador yamamoto to read assistant administrator gast. >> good morning, jim coons, ranking member isaacson. thank you for inviting me to speak t

committee, your administrator wrote in afghanistan, "now includes a subcontractor clause that permits usaid to restrict the number of subcontracteers and requires the subcontractor to perform a certain percentage of the work." have these changes been implemented? >> yes, they have. >> so they're in every contract now in afghanistan? >> that is correct. and the limitations are to a two-year sub. two-tier subs. >> two tier? >> exactly. we found that's what works operationally best in afghanistan. >> have you found any problem with having the two-tier requirement? is there anything that you think in terms of value or competency that you've sacrificed for a two-tier limitation? >> i would say not as yet. but we need time. >> how long has this been in place? >> i want to say in the last six months. >> kudos. i'd be very anxious to see if you hit any bumps. >> okay. >> that seems reasonable to me, that you can restrict the number of tiers and requires the prime to do something other than being -- taking a cut off the top. >> right. >> we've got a lot of the those around. too many prime contractor

witnesses today, deputy secretary of state for african affairs, assistant administrator for africa usaid, and deputy assistant secretary of defense for african affairs amanda dougherty. thank you for being with us today. welcome. and our second panel, regional ambassador, and mr. jacob, a former lra abductee who will share with us on the second panel their personal experiences of working to help communities in uganda recover from the lra and their personal experiences of being victimized by the lra which i think will add some strength and breadth to today's hearing. the lra committed brutal attacks that have destabilized the region resulting in displacement, kidnapping, mutilation and rape. joseph kony and his commanders abducted tens of thousands to serve as child soldiers and sex slaves forcing them to commit terrible acts. today we're privileged and humble to hear from two victims of the lra, jacob and jolie, of their enduring horrific experiences in uganda and courageous efforts to live forward and to make positive change in the world from that experience. joseph kony epitomizes the

she has made usaid more effective around the world helping people everywhere. she has crossed many borders and built so many bridges. in pakistan, she shattered a few myths by meeting regularly with civil society organizations, youth leaders and a broad section of pakistani society. and who can forget the iconic photo of her and aung san suu kyi? a few months ago in myanmar, a moving testament to the power of leaders, to the power of movement who devoted their life, their energy, their brain power, their life to public good, to common good of humanity. that grand dame of ladies and gentlemen makes history. president wilson also said, one cool judgment is worth a thousand hasty councils. the thing to do is supply light, not heat. how perfectly this sums up the recipient tonight of the woodrow wilson award, madame hillary rodham clinton, mon ami. >> oh, my goodness! well, i am incredibly touched and grateful and a little embarrassed by the extraordinary outpouring of very kind words this evening, starting with fred malik who i greatly appreciate for reminding us

. >> the reason i asked question is that one of the good things the usaid is doing through its ngos in you ghana and in darfur is to empower women and help recognize the abuse that's taken place in africa like what joseph kony is doing. in fact when we were there, we had the speaker of the house or the parliament of uganda, it's a woman, and women are becoming empowered in that country and rising to power out of respect and equality for them, which is an important thing in a nation that has been the victim of people like joseph kony, and jacob, i have to leave to make a speech on the floor, but you're my hero. thank you for being willing to tell the story, being willing to come here and i don't blame you if you want to sit next to a pretty lady like jolly, i'd be there too. thank you, mr. chairman. >> thank you, mr. isaacson. >> i'm grateful for our opportunity to work together on this. if i could, just by way of conclusion, since we need to bring this hearing to a conclusion, but jacob, if you've got any input for us on whether you think joseph kony and the lra commanders should be br

usaid will invite people and high tech companies to create new technologies to quickly expose violations of human rights and we'll work with other nations so the burden is better shared because this is a global responsibility. and in short we need to be doing everything we can to prevent and respond to these kind of atrocities because national sovereignty is never a license to slaughter your people. [ applause ] we recognize that even as we do all we can, we cannot control every event. when innocence suffer, it tears at our conscience. he alluded to what we feel syrian people subjected to unspeakable violence simply for demanding their universal rights. we have to do everything we can and as we do we have to remember that despite all of the tanks and all of the snipers and all of the torture unleashed against them, the syrian people brave the streets and demand to be heard and seek dignity. the syrian people have not given up which is why we cannot give up and so with allies and partners we will keep increasing the pressure for the diplomatic effort to further isolate assad and his regim

footage and strom thurmond came from -- it was a documentary on the 63 march that was put out the usaidat was along outlaw documentary. opposed to what is your philosophy -- by the way, how long is this? >> guest: just under two hours. if the pbs two hours, hours 50 minutes, two hours. reiko what is your philosophy about i.t. and these people? how must you assume they know? >> guest: i assume they know nothing. we i.d. him at least three times. each person with the pen to pass along their off-camera. president carter once. c-span: here is hubert humphrey and strom thurmond and debate. >> the shutdown cut the public's attention, but no cameras were allowed in the senate. so humphrey and thurman agreed to take a piece of debate to the television ideas. >> we know americans will have two be negroes will be denied equal access of public accommodation decided travels a chance for a place to rest any if not for the accommodations, its invasion of private pasties. this will lead to an accretion of private life. and the city of birmingham alabama 21963 there was nordman is that if you're going

civilian agencies like department of justice, commerce, energy, homeland security, agriculture and usaid and others are laying the groundwork for the next phase of the relationship, one that encompasses a broad range of mutual interest. ultimately, relationship more complex and more robust. and we are moving outward with an expansive agenda that is guided by that agreement to charles dunn, an agreement signed in november 2008 at codifies civilian cooperation over a broad range of areas. security agreement that was signed at the same time has now expired, but the strategic framework agreement and doers. now it is a mistake to assume that the united states can only have influence in a country of the united states has 100,000 troops on the ground. i think that the government, president barzani said the same in washington last week. the united states remains today a critical interlocutor among the political parties in iraq. given regional tensions, the united states is in fact playing an integral role as an honest broker in iraq and i can tell you from my own experience that the words honest

when i was the third ranking official at usaid in the george w. bush administration, i worked every day on the north korean food aid problem. we were trying to negotiate strict criteria for deliverry. that is the key test. it should be based on the humanitarian criteria and making sure our assistance gets to the people in need not as a lever over a nuclear weapons program that north korea doesn't want to negotiate away. it's not leverage. that's why i think this is not really the lever for negotiations over nuclear weapons. it should be based on humanitarian criteria if we can't get it to the people in need, then you're right, we shouldn't deliver it. >> let's go back to gloig shall better gloig r.f.a. and b.o.a. >> information is very important, sir. that's why i'm suggesting and information campaign like we have not seen before. but that has to be partly based on engagement. because if you consider the 50,000 north korean workers who are working in south korea's one economic zone, that's been an intelligence mine field for us. we can't go into t

of an anti-chinese platform, and his first act was to have a party where he honored peace corps and usaidhis is exactly what america can do in the world, and i think it's a comparative advantage we bring in this struggle. martha: great points, everybody. and the address for malaria no more is on the bottom of your screen, ma malaria no more.org. quickly, david, what can people do to help? >> people need to express themselves in their communities, to their elected leaders, and if they want to know more about what's going on, just come to our web site as you pointed out, malaria no more.org, and thank you. this is so important. martha: thank you very much, david and michael, thank you for the work that you've done in this area and to keep this conversation going. we ask everybody to do what you can to help. thank you very much, gentlemen. great to have you here today. bill: job well done. great job to you, too, martha. that would be an awesome experience, especially with your son reid. well done. all right, jenna lee's coming up next on "happening now," what you working on, jenna? good morn

in 2008, usaid posted the jennings randolph resident fellow here. we regret he was not able to join us for this session but look forward to his participation in future sessions. is research helped inform the afghan peace and integration program which in turn have become the blueprint for u.s. ip's integration effort. as is evident to all concerned pakistan is a critical element in any calculation of prospects for peace in afghanistan which is why u.s. ip has a program there. some would question whether dick holbrooke's original vision of a strategic partnership between u.s. and pakistan was ever realistic and viable. there's a widespread agreement that whatever hopes there might have been for such a partnership have been shattered by 2011 the most significant was the raid almost a your go on osama bin laden's compound. just when one thought the u.s./pakistan relationship could get rougher we have the announcement by the u.s. government last week regarding mohammed sayid on the eve of a president by the militia visit by the president and the eve of t

usaid will invite people and high-tech companies to help create new technologies to quickly expose violationsf human rights. and we'll work with other nations so the burden is better shared -- because this is a global responsibility. in short, we need to be doing everything we can to prevent and respond to these kinds of atrocities -- because national sovereignty is never a license to slaughter your people. [applause] we recognize that, even as we do all we can, we cannot control every event. and when innocents suffer, it tears at our conscience. elie alluded to what we feel as we see the syrian people subjected to unspeakable violence, simply for demanding their universal rights. and we have to do everything we can. and as we do, we have to remember that despite all the tanks and all the snipers, all the torture and brutality unleashed against them, the syrian people still brave the streets. they still demand to be heard. they still seek their dignity. the syrian people have not given up, which is why we cannot give up. and so with allies and partners, we will keep increasing the pressure, w

. >> the reason i ask the children is that one of the good things usaid is to bring it in ugonda that i personally see but also in darfur is to in power when in and help recognize the abuse is taking place in many places like africa like what joseph kony is doing back when we were there in kampala the day after i met with jolly we had been speaker of the house or the parliament of ugonda as a woman and women are becoming more and power in that country and rising to power and out of respect and equality for them, which is an important thing in a nation that has been the victim of people like joseph kony. and jacob, i have to leave to make a speech on the floor but you're my hero. thank you for being willing to tell the story and come here. i don't blame you for wanting to sit next to a pretty lady like jolly. i would be there, too. >> as always you are a terrific partner and a grateful for the opportunity to work together on this. if i could, just by way of conclusion, since we need to bring the ceiling to completion, but jacob come if you have any input for us on whether you think jos

usaid will invite people and high-tech companies to help create new technologies to quickly expose violationsand we'll work with other nations so the burden is better shared -- because this is a global responsibility. in short, we need to be doing everything we can to prevent and respond to these kinds of atrocities -- because national sovereignty is never a license to slaughter your people. [applause] we recognize that, even as we do all we can, we cannot control every event. and when innocents suffer, it tears at our conscience. elie alluded to what we feel as we see the syrian people subjected to unspeakable violence, simply for demanding their universal rights. and we have to do everything we can. and as we do, we have to remember that despite all the tanks and all the snipers, all the torture and brutality unleashed against them, the syrian people still brave the streets. they still demand to be heard. they still seek their dignity. the syrian people have not given up, which is why we cannot give up. and so with allies and partners, we will keep increasing the pressure, with a diplomatic

normally that would go through the state department and usaid.f the battlefield situation, there was money given to the defense department to help in those efforts. we have multiple agencies developing multiple projects there and not having information as to who is doing what. it has gone better, but now that we're moving, we need to have better sharing of information, and we also need to start thinking about transition as we pull out of the countries, how do we move towards a normal process the government would follow through the state department? >> it will go on as we remove through the remainder of the time. a couple of calls. democrat line. go ahead. caller: what are they going to do with the money that they supposedly are going to save from the accountability and getting rid of the duplicates redundancy programs they have? you have a lot of people talking about saving money here and there, but what are they going to do with the money. are you going to take the money from that and put it toward something else that will be redundant somewhere

we have many programs from our international assistance, the agency for international development, usaidwho are working to provide support of all kinds. americans are active in the area, but what we tried to do is to work towards a resolution that would take away the incentives for the exploitation of the natural resources, which fuel is a lot of the violence because there is a lot of money to be made extracting all of those minerals that you find in your cell phone or your laptop. we have passed legislation to require our companies and hopefully to get to the international standard where all companies will have to be transparent about the business that they do in the eastern congo, to try to shut down the road that, illegal operations, which fuel and fund a lot of the militias, to work with the neighboring countries to try to end their using eastern congo as a proxy battleground, you know, after the genocide in rwanda. a lot of the militias fled into the condo. the rwandan government chased them. you had you gone in sioux had all kinds of grievances against joseph kony. it became a caul

she has made usaid worth it to her in, hoping people everywhere. she has cost many borders and built so many bridges. and pakistan, she shattered a few minutes by meeting with youth leaders and a broad section of pakistani society. and who can forget the iconic photo of her and hong kong's suki. a few months ago, and a moving testament to the power of leaders, the power of women who have devoted their lives, energy, brainpower to public good, good of humanity? that ladies and gentlemen, makes history. now, let me conclude with one more point, one more quote. president wilson also said one court judgment is worth a thousand councils. the thing to do is supply light and not keep. how perfectly this sums up. i'm trained to recipient tonight at the woodrow wilson award, madam hillary rodham clinton. ♪ [applause] ♪ [applause] >> my goodness, while i'm incredibly touched and grateful and a little embarrassed by the extraordinary outpouring of very kind words this evening. starting with fred malek who i greatly appreciate for reminding us that we are on t

usaid will invite people and high-tech companies to help create new technologies to quickly expose violations of human rights, and we'll work with other nations so the burden is better shared because this is a global responsibility. in many short, we need to be -- in short, we need to be doing everything we can to prevent and respond to these kinds of atrocities. because national sovereignty is never a license to slaughter your people. [applause] we recognize that even as we do all we can, we cannot control every event. and when innocents suffer, it tears at our conscience. elie alluded to what we feel as we see the syrian people subjected to unspeakable violence simply for demanding their universal rights. and we have to do everything we can. and as we do, we have to remember that despite all the tanks and all the snipers, all the torture and brutality unleashed against them, the syrian people still brave the streets. they still demand to be heard, they still seek their dignity. the syrian people have not given up which is why we cannot give up. and so with allies and partners we will keep i

starting in the next five years usaid and agencies with the usda meat start working on the technical assistance and strengthening surveillance systems. so what indicates that regulatory agencies need to increase and get some and for stricter and get some training, but their needs to be the laboratory facilities and the training people some more actively assessing whether this has happened and we think it is crucial that this happened in the countries of origin and closer to the places of production rather than after the finished project is starting to work its way into the usps of the supply chain can get defined we need to look at how that can be handled. domestic action, i talk about the enterprise risk management and what this comes to is the agency has specific mandates and it has to follow very specific purchase for improving the jobs for testing, food safety but what needs to be happening is we -- where are the problems and the need to be resources allocated to the fda, they're needs to be an ability within the fda to determine where the resources work. we talk about a lot of a

normally that would go through the state department and usaid. there was money also given to the defense department to help with these efforts. we have got multiple agencies developing multiple projects and not having information as to who is doing what. it has gotten better. we do need to have better sharing of information. we also need to start thinking about transitions. as we pull out of the countries, and how do you move to a normal process through the state department? host: let's go to a couple of calls for pat dalton. delano, democrats line, go ahead. caller: what will they do with the money they supposedly are going to save in getting rid of the redundancy programs? you have a lot of people talking about saving money here and there. what are they going to do with that money? if you are going to take the money from that and put it towards something else that will be redundant, what good is this doing? how do you keep that money you are gaining from going into somewhere else that is redundant? guest: the biggest control over not creating m

. >> in that regard in that regard towards the end of a courier, the usaid worked with the secretary eagleburger for a year to study the future of the foreign-aid program and quickly developed into a study of all u.s. programs for the developing world and i think i counted 26 of the time. it's infinitely more than the bilateral develop and assistance, but another point was the u.s. program is not very well coordinated there's all kind of fiefdom's around this town. there's an element of training of the ustr in the developing world and there is the x m agriculture and so on. my question is how we get trade to have a bigger voice in the broader council of government? because it does affect the global poverty and security and everything else. and is there a way that we can better coordinate without having to reorganize the government. thanks. >> i was going to say i think it is very well coordinated and the clinton administration which is why he created a national economic council which is why there was complete coordination on the economic side as well as on the security and diplomatic

starting in the next five years, usaid, fda, cac and agencies within usda need to start focusing on technical assistance and strengthening of surveillance systems. so what i've been saying up to this point indicates that regulatory agencies need to increase and get some infrastructure, get some training, but there needs to be the laboratory facilities and the trained people somewhere actually assessing whether this is happening. and we think it's crucial that this happen in the countries of origin or closer to the places of production rather than after the finished product is starting to work its way into the u.s. so as supply chains can get defined, we need to look at how that can be handled. domestic action. i talked about enterprise risk management x what this really come -- and what this really comes to is the agency has very specific mandates, and it has to follow very specific approaches for approving drugs for testing, food safety. but there needs to be resources allocated to fda, but there needs to be an ability within fda to determine where those resources best need to be put. we've

it actually probably puts more money into the economy than the usaid budget by a factor of two to three. we are going to go to 4.4 billion as the future planning figure in where a year ago we were planning to spend about 80% of that money, we're now talking 25%. now, going into chicago and getting more pledges is going to be like the bonn conference. and if you look at the world bank report which is the only thing we have, there is no u.s. economic transition plan for afghanistan. the world bank report talks about the massive impact of what's going to happen with or without chicago. and you can see that validated in the report from the u.s. special inspector general for afghan reconstruction, and the issues are raised in the department of defense report. some of these facts, as ron points out, are who picks the facts. we have three reports on this war that matter, and i would suggest that it's about time we start reading them because we only have one fiscal year to really handle this transition, and we've already made most of the decisions. >> ambassador neumann, there's one source of u