they sieged us in vicksburg. we will get them right back. he puts together a siege but the problem is, there are not enough confederates to close the circle. the union folks in chattanooga were in dire straits for a while with starvation going on but grant arrives and rides over the mountains and comes in and breaks the siege and supplies begin to come into chattanooga. all the generals looking at bragg realized that we lost an opportunity here. in fact, bragg is so despised by his own generals that they sign a petition to have him removed from command. that never happens in the army. that petition is sent to richmond to jefferson davis. jefferson davis likes braxton bragg so he goes there. he goes to the headquarters to calm everyone down and soothe everyone's feelings and convince them that everything will be fine. then he goes back to richmond. what davis has just done is handed bragg carte blanche to do whatever he wants. what do you think bragg does with all the people who signed the petition? he purges quite a few of them from his army

that is the battle of vicksburg. so it made perfect sense to me that vicksburg would be the central piece of my trilogy. i've made arguments, i've gotten in a lot of arguments with historians. i live with -- in gettysburg now. a lot of people don't care to hear me say that i think what happened in vicksburg was more important than what happened in gettysburg. when you -- ulysses s grant received the surrender of the confederate troops, the confederate -- the confederacy has lost all of the mississippi river. all the way down to the gulf of mexico it that is in union control. they could move people up and down, all the way through the gulf with impunity. the confederacy, they lose texas, arkansas, most of louisiana. why is that important? men, food, supply, all cut off. it divides the confederacy. that is a big deal. that was an easy second choice. the third choice was always going to be this book, "fateful lightning," it was always going to be sherman marching from atlanta at the end of the war. i realized from vicks

of vicksburg. -- the battle of vicksburg. prior to that, here is here in 2012 and presented a program on the apple of shiloh. -- battle of shiloh. 's trajectories wa -- his trajectory as one of the primary writers on the civil war and war in general is remarkable. he grew up and tell a degree in criminology from florida state university. from age 16, he operated a rare coin business first out of his home and then in a retail store. in 1974, he moved to tampa, florida and eventually became one of the most widely known coin and precious metal dealers in florida. in 1988, things changed. his father who was also a writer died. just made the decision to sell his business and take over management of his father's estate. after the critical and commercial success of the film "gettysburg," he was approached about the possibility of continuing the story and finding someone to write a prequel and sequel to the killer angels. he had no exterior is as a writer but he decided to take him at challenge of the proj

katty: tell us about that night the sultana leaves of vicksburg very crowded. what happened?lan: it stops en route to memphis in helena, arkansas, and at that point, the only known photograph of the sultana is taken by a photographer named t. w. banks. katty: so it is midnight? alan: this is the day after it left vicksburg, it docked there to i presume a take on more coal, because that is usually why steamboats stop, to pick up passengers or discharge cargo. even at this point the sultana did have cargo that it was bringing up river from new orleans. you mentioned that lincoln had been assassinated, it was carrying the news of the lincoln assassination, and that was one of the ways a news traveled during that time period. it stopped in helena arkansas, and the men rushed to one side of the boat to be in this photograph, everybody wanted to be in this photograph. then it headed up north. it got to memphis around sunset. the men were told to stay on the boat but nobody was going to -- these guys have been imprisoned, they had been in war, this was the first minute that they had

. -- vicksburg was far more important than gettysburg. more important in the united states, more important in the confederacy. more damaging to confederates, more uplifting to people in the united states. i don't think it makes much difference at all. the war goes on for two years. the confederates have lost control of the mississippi river in april 1862. it is not a confederate river after new orleans falls. the confederates hold a pieceo of the middle of the river, so what? what does matter coming out of vicksburg is that it helped elevate u.s. grant. that is the most important thing for the west position grant to be called to the east. where he could do with the real problem. which was lee. why did grant come east? why did he accompany the army? why did he abandoned his indirect strategy to defeat the confederacy for a direct confrontation with lee? he did so because understood politics, he understood the civilian population of the united states demanded that their best general finally take the field to defeat this bogeyman who had bee

vicksburg wasn't even commemorated on the day of the actual surrender, july 4, 1863. for those of you don't know or don't care. matt: black people who lived in vicksburg did commemorate. john:gary: what about california? has there been a big sesquicentennial push? joan: by me. gary: she has her own logo. i have been asked to remind you again that you still have time to put your questions in if you like, blue sheets out in front. those of you who are watching on c-span, you have the two ways i mention this morning, e-mailing and tweeting that you get a question to us. we will now adjourn for 15 minutes and then reconvene. >> you are watching american history tv 48-hour's of programming on american history every weekend on c-span3. follow us on twitter at c-span history. keep up with the latest history news. >> georgetown university professor talks about the different types of sex education use across the country in 19 50's, and why they have become divisive today. she compares organ, new jersey, in california, and how they were used to instill gender norms and racial d

the third one was gettysburg and vicksburg and then the last one was sherman's capture of atlanta and union victories in the fall of 1864 and lincoln's reelection. each of those blunted confederate momentum. it looked like it might be moving towards some kind of victory but turned it around. and the final one turned it around permanently. i would stick with that basic approach even today. 27, 28 years later. >> we are coming out of a commemorative period of the civil war as mr. carmichael has noted. what do you think the great challenges are in the way in which we remember the civil war? dr. mcpherson: well, i guess we challenge is to continue to try to understand its impact: it's continuing impact -- impact, it's continuing impact on america today the discussion we started out with about what happened in charleston. quickly, the civil war was the most important event in our history in shaping the world in which we live. not only by preserving the united states as one nation, matter that of course was deeply contested until 1865, not only from 1861 to 1865 but earlier as well. abolish

further west in vicksburg up into the i 95 corridor the heat index values should make it into the middle to upper 90's today. combination theof not only hot temperatures but you have high humidity that makes it feel a lot hotter out there. we have heat advisories across the south and the coastal areas in the carolinas and also southeastern parts of virginia. watch out. today will be another stoecher out scorcher out there. some will bring marginal risk for severe weather. not a particularly high risk day for severe storms but parts of mid atlantic and northeast aged further west into parts of the high plains and also the central plains and further west flood watches have been lifted out here. welcome news across the southwest. we think that flood threat is starting to diminish. heather and ainsley over to you. >> thank you very much. we will check back. >> it is 10 minutes past the top of the hour. a surfer who came face to face on live tv returns home and details the horror. >> to walk away without a scratch on you it is like -- it's a miracle. >> how the surf world is now making the sp

i ran in vicksburg partners reaching and historic nuclear deal granting to run sanctions release in exchanges on its atomic program. under the agreement, u.n. inspectors have access to all sites including military ones. diplomats say you missile sanctions will not be lifted for eight years. the u.n. arms embargo will remain in place for five years allowing for restoration of you in sanctions within 65 days if they violate the agreement. oil prices are react to this this morning and turning to the downside of more than a dollar ,-com,-com ma a loss of 2%. experts say would take iran many months to fully ramp up oil export capacity following any easing of sanctions but you're still talking about 30 million barrels pumped on the market that has been in storage that could weigh heavily on oil. even a modest initial increase could be putting oil prices down further and producing 2.5 million barrels per day above demand. we are watching for it. secretary of state john kerry expected to speak at any moment this morning. we'll bring you his comments live as soon as it happens. reese is a framework f

values today talking triple digits in parts of the carolina down into georgia and montgomery and vicksburgernoon above feel like 106 degrees. heat advisories across these areas and mornings as well across parts of the carolina. index values in the triple digits of the showers and storms forecast of cars parts of the northeast and further west into the plains. some storms do have potential to produce severe weather so have a way to get the warnings about the day-to-day in this area. the issue has been diminishing. we still do have some watches in effect across parts of nevada. dagen: maria, thank you, our meteorologist. red sox, he's a big fan. coming up we will grind down lowball action when the time before we handed over to sandra smith for "mornings with maria." stay with us, everybody. ♪ when broker chris hill stays at laquinta he fires up the free wifi, with a network that's now up to 5 times faster than before! so he can rapidly prepare his presentation. and when he perfects his pitch, do you know what chris can do? and that is my recommendation. let's see if he's ready. he can swim w

take a look at the numbers we are expecting later today. 105 in memphis it will feel like in vicksburg and across the east coast. feels like 102 in the city of dc. heather and ainsley. >> thank you maria. we will check back with you. new overnight back open for business after three weeks of closures banks are open again in grease. people are still only allowed to take out $65 a day. thursday parliament agreed to a third bailout and more emergency funds were given to greek banks. >> new overnight a 54 year holdover of the cold war officially ending. united states and cuba resfaebing diplomatic relations. the two countries opened embassies in teacheach other's capitols. later this morning secretary of state john kerry who raised an american flag in havana next month. >>> former president george h.w. bush is recovering from a broken neck bone. he was released from the hospital after four-days of treatment. he fell in his summer home last week. he is expected to make a full recovery in three to four months. >> we had a chance to meet some of you our most dedicated fans for fox fan weekend.

the third one was gettysburg and its -- vicksburg. the last one was sherman's capture of atlanta and other union victories in the fall of 18 six four, and lincoln's reelection. each of those collected confederate momentum, but it looks like it might be moving toward some kind of victory. the turned around. the final and turned around permanently. i would stick with that. even today 2728 years later. >> we're coming out of commemorative. of the civil war. what do you think is the great challenge for the way in which we remember the civil war? james: i guess the challenge is to continue to try to understand its impact -- it's continuing impact on america today. the very issue we started out with, this discussion about what happened in charleston. clearly the civil war was the most important event in our history in shaping the world in which we live. not only by preserving the united states as one nation, that was deeply contested until 1865. not only for making 611865, but earlier as well. abolishing slavery, the issue that's had made a

what does matter coming out of vicksburg is that it helped elevate u.s. grant. that is the most important thing for the west position grant to be called to the east. where he could do with the real problem. which was lee. why did grant come east? why did he accompany the army? why did he abandoned his indirect strategy to defeat the confederacy for a direct confrontation with lee? he understood politics, he understood the civilian population of the united states demand it that their best general finally take the field to defeat this bogeyman who had been the devil in the united states and the civilian population for so long in the eastern theater. he believed the west was more important but he understood that perception, perception is more important than reality. people act according to what they perceive to be the truth. perception was the east is more important. lincoln complained about that famously in his long letter to the french diplomat in august of 1862. how can all of our great success in the west, and the capture of nashville and new orleans, all of th

reliving the battles, taking an object off a table, putting it on the floor "this is memphis, this is vicksburg," whatever, and reliving all the old generals. i mean, imagine -- imagine being able to see that. but that's -- that's the sort of informality they lived with their friends. and the hayes', of course, were very moralistic, trying to show morals more than the grants were. they tore the billiard room down immediately. susan: well, we also have some video of this white house small family dining room. and it was told that the grants would gather there as a family for breakfast every day. what is that room like today? we're going to look at it once again here. it's very dressy today. yeah, it doesn't look anything like it did. it reflects more theodore roosevelt, what theodore roosevelt did to it in 1902. it was a big barny family breakfast room with always a cloth on the table. and you served through a pantry through those doors on the side. and the dishes were washed there and the family gathered there at this great big table. and that -- every family did. that was the family dining -- t

in mississippi the vicksburg bridge. in nevada, the virginia street bridge. in new hampshire the i-293. and i'm just reading some of these and when i'm done i'll put the whole list in. in new jersey, the garden state parkway and in union county. in new mexico, the main street bridge. in new york, brooklyn bridge. these are iconic structures. they need to be fixed. they're efficient. -- they're deficient. in ohio, the john robling suspension bridge. in oregon, the columbia river crossing. in pennsylvania, the benjamin frank -- franklin bridge. rhode island, the i-95 viaduct in providence. in south carolina, the i-85 bridge in greenville. in texas the i-45 bridge. in utah, the i-15 bridge. in washington, the evergreen point floating bridge. in wisconsin the u.s. 41 bridge. alabama, arizona arkansas, california the golden gate bridge. that is the hallmark the hallmark of my state. one of the landmarks. and it is deficient. in need of repair. colorado connecticut district of columbia, i showed you the memorial bridge. florida, georgia hawaii. the halona street br

what it is going to feel like out the door, in wilmington 5:00 pm should feel 108, 106 montgomery vicksburge-digit heat across parts of the plains so again really what it is going to feel like out there, that is the issue, and heat advisories in place out here because of those high heat values excesses heat warnings across carolinas a chance of showers and storms cross different parts of the country very low risk for severe weather but in place out there, across the plains, mid a atlantic northeast, sandra. >> all right, maria thank you. still, no verdict in the tom brady deflate gate case should there be one? there is talk of waiting on punishment for the new england patriots quarterback until after the season we bring in new york daley news nfl author of up coming brady versus manage untold story of the rivals that traps normalized nfl gary good morningon on good morning. how are you. >> a lot of people made the case for waiting to finalize the punishment on patriots, after analyzing all this data over the 2015 season. are you saying -- are you making the same case for that? on the phone: