extrication from the vietnam -- from vietnam in 1973.fect, the domino theory is of no consequence for the mere six countries it was going to conquer. the creation of a sense of, "we can actually defeat a superpower" occurred throughout the world. the press had a free reign in vietnam to go anywhere in the country. as a result, the journalists' first-hand experience told a different story than the military press releases coming out of saigon during the war. the military learned this lesson well. after vietnam, journalists are now embedded into combat units to protect them, but also to protect the stories they write. the army draft ended in 1973. now the military consists of only those who want to be in the rank and file. after vietnam, journalists are now embedded into combat units to protect them, but also to protect the stories they write. the army draft ended in 1973. now the military consists of only those who want to be in the rank and file. the old volunteer -- the all volunteer army goes anywhere they are ordered without dissent of

the communist armies of north vietnam launched a massive invasion of south vietnam.ything. their answer to every peace offer we have made has been to escalate the war. and the communist offensive has now reached the point that it gravely threatens the lives of 60,000 american troops who are still in vietnam. there's only one way to stop the killing. >> stand by for start engines. >> i have ordered the following nations, which are being implemented as i am speaking to you. all entrances to north vietnamese ports will be mined. rail and all other communications will be cut off to the maximum extent possible. >> 30 seconch. >> air and naval strikes against military targets in north vietnam will continue. i know how much you want to end this war. i know how much you want to bring our men home. and i think you know from all that i have said and done these past 3 1/2 years how much i, too, want to end the war, to bring our men home. with god's help, with your support, we will accomplish that great goal. with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis, are you okay? even when i

i didn't send 550,000 men to vietnam.ertheless, this was the responsibility that i knew was mine. ♪ good evening, my fellow americans. since i took office four months ago, nothing has taken so much of my time and energy as the search for a way to bring lasting peace to vietnam. i want to end this war. the american people want to end this war. but we want to end it permanently, and therefore, we have ruled out a one-sided withdrawal from vietnam or the acceptance in terms that it would amount to a disguised american defeat. when we assume the burden of helping defend south vietnam, millions of south vietnamese men, women, and children, place their trust in us. to abandon them now would risk a massacre. that would shock and dism mamay everyone in the world who values human life. let me be quite blunt. our fighting men are not going to be worn down. our mediators are not going to be talked down. and our allies are not going to be let down. thank you, and good night. >> the speech this evening was a culmination of more than a

like vietnam,te we called ourselves strapped lass. and youto be strapped ironed your uniform so that it would look presentable at all times. this is a picture of president johnson signing legislation that removed the restrictions on 1967.in here we are, the chiefs of the services, the components are nurses. include the and in 1970 the first women were promoted to general. this journey of women's service to the nation. we have women serving today in the global war on terror. exhibit in that at the time that we established it, there was a woman who was a command major in afghanistan. we reached out and asked her if she could help us tell the story of what women were doing on the ground in afghanistan and iraq. she reached out to the women who were serving to help us tell this story. we have email diaries, we have pictures, we have stories of and they did on the ground, the uniforms that they wear to what we sawed during world war ii. americanut the revolution and women were not even issued uniforms. wear 60 pounds of gear. we used to ha

the wac's were the first ones to get on the ground in vietnam. it was interesting when you hear the stories of the women who served there. i love talking with them. they tell me, when they, are you going to train us on a weapon? you don't need a weapon. when you think about sending a person into a war zone and you don't even prepare them to protect themselves. one woman said when she got orders to go to vietnam, she asked if she could go to the firing range to qualify. she got a little bit of training from her brother-in-law, then she went to the firing range and qualified. she gets to vietnam and they don't issue her a weapon, but it was just after the tet offensive and she was living in a hotel in saigon. they used that as some barracks in civilian facilities. and the women that she was replacing in the room gave her a little tour, and she opened the bureau drawer and there was an ak-47 and ammunition in case she needed it. when she finished her tour of duty and went to the mp's and said, how do you turn in a weapon you were never issued? one o

military began ramping up its forces in vietnam brian wilson was drafted. i enlisted in the air force for a four year program to go into the army as an inductee. and then i got my orders to become an air force granger officer commanding a unit of forty minutes. and so soon i found myself in vietnam my duty was to go and assess the success or failure bombing missions. and in one week. we went visited five targets. targets were inhabited fishing. sachar they were i defended. fishing. these villages were bombed at two hundred fifty to three hundred feet deep. five hundred pound bombs you mentioned shocked and made off. so everybody needs filesystems either dead or just about dead and they were all black and it didn't burn from them if i watched as far as i could walk before the bodies were show thick i could walk any further and look down at my feet. and i saw a young beanies woman holding three children in her arms her eyes are open her eyes are just staring up i was looking at my sister. i looked into his eyes and it was all a lie or was a lie and i suspect

but in 15 minutes all he could talk about was vietnam. he is profoundly conflicted about vietnam.and during the kidney presidency he was the biggest advocate of exercising muscle in vietnam. of authority and power. the journalist who raise questions with him, he was dismissive of them even contentious. sure he eventually came to the proposition that this was a military no-win situation in vietnam but he had been so arrogant about reading as into the work and i think that is what agitated him so much and where he says do you think i could say in public that he only had one in three chance of winning. the point is, he eventually got out of the johnson administration because johnson saw him, instead of having a collapse over his struggle over vietnam and they sent him off to be the president of the world bank. but he was profoundly conflicted over time he was one of the architects of expansion of war in vietnam. in kim johnson's national security was already talking about bombing and putting ground troops in there. he never gave up on that war. they talk to him and i knew him when i

and so soon i found myself in vietnam. my duty was to go and assess the success or failure bombing missions. and in one week. we went visited five. all the targets were inhabited fishing game. saturday. i defended. fishing and. these villages were bombed at two hundred fifty to three hundred feet to five hundred pound bombs in china shop at night. so everybody needs filesystems either dead or just about dead and they were all black it is burnt and if. i watch as far as i could walk before the bodies were show thick i could walk any further and look down at my feet. and i saw a young beanies woman holding three children in her arms her eyes are opened her eyes are just staring up i was looking at my sister. and i looked into his eyes and it was all lies or was a lie and i suspect that everything i had ever been taught was a lie. my life completely radically changed. i do not know why i am even if. i was in somebody else's village nine thousand miles from my farming village in upstate new york. are they doing there. or we do

vietnam and felt that we should get out of concealment of this information for twenty five years has now led to the deaths of fifty thousand americans and several hundred thousand vietnamese in the last few years a couple of million over twenty years of this involvement. and i think fifty the odds have been weighted in favor of secrecy the classified department of defense files revealed that since one thousand nine hundred forty five presidents truman eisenhower kennedy and johnson had misled congress and the public about unconstitutional military actions those beginning in the one nine hundred sixty s. included secret raids on cambodia and north vietnam richard nixon i knew was to see this much the same way and was continuing the war while presenting to the public that he was on the process of getting out and we speak of america's priorities the first priority must always be peace for america and the word. revelation of the secret pentagon documents for street protests and anger spread across the country. decorated war heroes and civilians marched together protesting the unconstitut

and what he wanted to do was forestall any kind of debate about wh to do in vietnam. and what's ironic about this is -- lyndon johnson didn't want to go to war in vietnam, i don't think, but every decision hema led, what seems to be in retrospect, inexorably toward that end. >> one of the things you're mose for in your tenure as national security adviser to president trump was putting together a national-securityra gy that was comprehensive within the administration. it included our economic strategy. it included all elements of our defense strategy. s that a lesson you drew directly from your research and your writiout vietnam? >> i do think it was, in large measure, based on the research i had done on vietnam but, really, the research i had done across the cold war perd as a historian and then the experience i had in the '90s. and then, i think, in the early 2000s, the experience associated with precipitous withdrawal from iraq and the unenforced redline in syria, i think we actually swung from over-optimism in the '90s to almost, yoknow, pessimism or defeatism, eve

welcome to vietnam. it is increasingly home to vietnam.high—tech manufacturers that want out of its neighbour to the north. it asked this recruiter back in china. translation: i know some big factories moved. they move out and so factories moved. they move out and so do workers. it creates an impact on us. so do workers. it creates an impact on us. it's difficult to find jobs. we found him in a change in, near atp lincoln factory. the company is a giant in the world of the world of wi—fi router is. it makes around 300 a month — make 3 million a month. it is expanding setting up in vietnam. translation might the us tariffs will make us move our production line for the —— for the production market to vietnam. we will make sure it is the same and is somewhere that has no such tariffs. there is no doubt that the trade war is a challenge but also, the workers, there are fewer of them and they are costing more and more. then there is this, investing in automation. the workers of the future that just this, investing in automation. the workers of

i have a chapter on the vietnam war. a chapter at the end of the cold war, on soviet occupied afghanistan, looking not only at the u.s. covert assistance to afghan rebels, but also covert soviet cross-border operations into pakistan, for example. and have a short chapter -- a short section on the u.s. occupied iraq. there also two key themes about the sort of overall historical arc in these conflicts which i draw out, which is escalation control problems are recurrent issues. in each of these conflicts. and that most of these most important conflicts of the 20th century have a covert aspect to it which is important to understand. ok. so now i want to review some highlights from two of the chapters, show you actually some of the raw material that i worked into the narratives in those case studies. and i'm happy to talk about some of the other conflicts that i have discussed in the book, but i am going to focus on the korean war and vietnam war for today. first, the korean war. external interventions that i states are in t

ever written on the vietnam war. and charlie companies war in vietnam. he is also one of the world's greatest undiscovered rock drummers and we can talk to him about that. and he is here this morning to speak on the fighting on land on guadalcanal. ladies and gentlemen doctor andy wiest. >> hopefully one thing you already figured out is i am much more of a vietnam historian . when all the tough questions come up, when my freshman asked me questions about buddhism and whatnot which i know, i will put them right down to this table here. first i would like to thank rob, jeremy collins, alan and the entire team here at this wonderful museum for a, putting this together and inviting me to be part of this. i love coming to new orleans. it is one of the places i get to speak without having to apologize for my accent or get an interpreter up here with me. it is great to come down here to speak. my mandate is to talk about the land battles at guadalcanal. i am a university teacher. i used to talking in one hour and 30 minute

and after a short time, she would wind up in vietnam. unfortunately, her story ends also very similarly to that of fitzsimmons. she is the only nurse killed by enemy fire in direct action with enemy forces. she is the only nurse killed in action. she had not been in vietnam more than a month and a half when there was an attack on the hospital where she was stationed. her hospital and her ward in particular, had a very interesting role. the word she was @two was very difficult because it was filled with vietnamese nationals. and, women and children he may not have been combated at all but were injured during the war. and when a rocket attack suddenly erupted in 1967, she was called to her ward. the practice was, patients who could be gotten out of the beds would be placed on the floor under them for protection. those who couldn't, they would cover over and protect with mattresses. what she was doing that she was struck by a fragment from 102 millimeter -- i'm sorry a 122 millimeter soviet rocket and killed instantly. we have one of her du

decades ago, american forces sprayed huge amounts of agent prange over vietnam. —— 0range over vietnamrip trees bare, exposing enemy positions, but it also contained dioxin, one of the most poisonous substances ever created. in 1965, i was a young medical student in saigon city. i liked very much to be an obstetrician and gynaecologist, so i took care of women and newborn babies. i saw in the hospital an increase of birth defects. it was horrible for me. very horrible for me. to see two, three times a week, deformed babies, or deformed children. i cried, cried with the mothers of the babies. and i cannot eat for many days. the figures are startling. in this one hospital, 158 deformed babies were born dead last year. statistically, that's three times what doctors here believe should be the average. i didn't know the cause at that time. but later, in 1976, i read about the toxic chemicals used in vietnam during the wartime. agent orange is blamed, named for the orange bands around the drums, a defoliant containing deadly dioxin. the result then was a dead landscape. the result today, bas

and i panetta the vietnam association of victims of agent orange asked u.s. court to reopen a previously dismissed through forcing to get its own son say it says she believes the recent u.s. court rulings have set a precedent on sunset itself which is now a part of the pharmaceutical giant by admits responsibility for creating agent orange but not for the damage associated with it it non is helping in the storable case will add weight to their claims in one thousand nine hundred for a class a class action lawsuit was settled acts of court to compensate u.s. soldiers who suffered from agent orange over ten years a total of almost two hundred million dollars in cash payments were distributed working at a back to three thousand eight hundred dollars per veteran investigative reporter dave lindorff splays that for courts to rule in favor of american soldiers but not for actual victims in vietnam smacks of double standards. the u.s. what for i think over a decade a suit by vietnam veterans who were getting the same kinds of illnesses that the vietnamese people are

the legend dream a cold river old mother of waters is vietnam's main waterway. it nourishes the six countries through which it flows including laos which borders vietnam. after travelling five thousand kilometers from its source in the himalayas this is where the river sits right. over time it's carved out the cone fulls one of the widest waterfalls in the world. yet allow fisherman jump into the water without fear. for me before the right one mark for forty or. forty card for power. comes to you you are known as your didn't call our number but not god whatever. some new knowing is fifty two he says it's no coincidence he's never had an accident in forty years. will he get help or no you need one book but have that come up up up up when you say how. high up has that to be why. if one might be at that by what they would do what. the full stretch over nearly ten kilometers. allow call this region see found don't do. four thousand on. land from the foals and countless waterways of the mekong. this is a familiar hunting ground for. getting there takes a good balance

vietnam is seeking justice for the victims of the agent orange herbicides used during the vietnam war by saving its producer the monsanto company will have a look at that in more detail in a couple of. so what we've got to do is identify the threats that we have it's crazy let it be an arms race. spearing dramatic development only really. i don't see how that strategy will be successful very critical time to sit down and talk. the housing crisis was a result of securitizing mortgages that were resold to dozens of times like goldman sachs was betting as are all clients and they were engaged in massive fraud again bailed out by timothy geithner it is friends and now they go of that controlled demolition of the housing market is that all housing is concentrated in a few as like blackstone as a gift from their friends of the central banks and the result is medieval. welcome back now vietnam is demanding justice from the agro chemical giant monsanto after a series of u.s. court rulings awarded millions of dollars in damages to the american victims of besides dioxin a highly toxic element o

bombing of north vietnam effective 8:00 tomorrow morning washington time. >> a north vietnam spokesmantnam in years. >> i shall do everything in my power to move united states towards the peace that this president and i believe every other american so deeply and urge ently desires. >> to think this should be pulled out of a hat before the election at a time that it was bound to get humphrey a treat and a trick that would defeat us. >> it seems to me that the statement made with the president cannot help but help vice president hubert humphrey. >> after the president announced the bombing halt, harris said hubert humphrey narrowed nixon's leads to three percentage points. he said in the past that if humpry reached within two to three percentage points, the election could be too close to call. >> no question that i was very distressed and all of my associates were. >> they were confidentially because i think we were skirting on dangerous ground. >> this is crazy. >> i know. i think it was shock america if a principal candidate was playing with a source like this on a matter this importan

i sent them to vietnam and all over with the commission. they went all over about the war and trying to see what we needed to do about relationships and with other places. that was a concern of the president. that something you have to continually work on. that is like a marriage. you got to work on that marriage. second work. ms. have to keep it going all the time. if to keep letting people know that you're concerned that you can work together and all of that. and coming out of that war. in all the things that happened there. we are still trying to put a lot of those pieces together. but we've come a long way. many american i have many american companies to go to vietnam. they hire 12 or 15,000 people in vietnam. vietnamese people. they had efforts going on that are significant. we have to keep massaging relationships in this country. it doesn't make any difference you are who you are or where you are. with the top leadership. some of them are coming into north carolina. for at least two weeks. the seventh largest country in the world. we

is well on its way to making its way to thailand where the numbers are bigger but vietnam is actually increasing faster than anybody seems like right now southeast asia as a whole has a very advanced pentax that is that rapidly diversified into a pay to pay fund transfers money lending services kept on even crowdfunding how does this transformation come about less regulation. you know regulations i don't think are really particularly important here are these governments when he comes to regulations it's not what's in place already it's what they're willing to do with laws and regulations to adapt to this new system so they just seem a lot more malleable these countries when it comes to that and ready to work towards pushing things ahead than other nations in the world so in that respect they're ready to go to another part of this whole equation is the fact that these governments are willing to invest in fin tech so when you look at vietnam they have programs and government programs which give tax rebates to new companies the startups as well as the fact that they have programs to educ

when this growth of middle class and vietnam is emerging as a read and find religion then pack up the government is out now planning on launching a cash flow system by twenty twenty tell us more about this plan. the government's been active pushing this cashless system idea for quite a while since two thousand and eight to be absolutely exact now if you look at it it's a really good arena to push this out vietnam's a perfect country to do this if you look at the society right now ninety five million people only about forty percent have bank accounts anymore and there's one hundred twenty million mobile accounts so it's fresh and it's ready to go they have a good mobile system and that's only upgrading from where it is right now it's really a leader in this respect when it comes to asia now when we look at the way people are paying they're using these cashless systems as we do here i mean come on let's think about it i use my mobile app from my bank all the time to pay my bills to pay when i'm at a store you know you do the top if people are doing this but it seems like in asia they wa

[laughter] >> 10 days to get a letter from vietnam. so that was fun but anyway, i don't worry about offending people in the book, you know, if you did it you did it. [laughter] >> well, i did change my name i changed my parents name because they asked me to, but in some of the places because the town is so tinny, some of the places and the names of the people that certain things happened, i didn't use their name. the majority of the book is about my mother, my father and the lady who raised me and they've all been passed a long time but, you know, if i thought someone was alive and would hurt them in that way i didn't use their name and so it wasn't -- i was totally fine doing that, so in this little town, i hear from people in other towns surrounding that when anybody comes to visit in south mississippi or mississippi they are want to go see where the stories to be place and i guess this little town that's becoming quite a tourist attraction. [laughter] >> she did say at one time, if you write a book -- if you write a book, i decided,

tonight, i want to speak to you of peace in vietnam and southeast asia.e through negotiations. so tonight, i am taking the first step to de-escalate the conflict. with our hopes and the world's hopes for peace in the balance every day, i do not believe that i should devote an hour or day of my time to any personal partisan causes. accordingly, i shall not seek and i will not accept the nomination of my party for another term as your president. >> roger, no question about it, this was a bombshell politically. >> well, i -- you really don't know where to begin. as you said, there was no warning. the announcement that he would not seek another term or accept another term was not in the text. >> what it says is president johnson is willing to pay the ultimate price to make the ultimate sacrifice for peace in southeast asia. >> it -- it's -- what i'd rather do, dan, is go home and come back tomorrow morning and begin to talk about it. >> it is a stunning moment and for those of you in the audience who may be saying, well, those two fellows are having a hard ti

. >> rock 'n roll was especially meaningful during the vietnam war.ike "fortunate son" give a voice to the antiwar movement and young people all across america. music during the vietnam war also provided soldiers a connection to their lives back home. >> the army understood -- they did not understand how to fight the war, but they didn't know, -- they did know, the military knew music was essential to us and our generation. it connected us to people back home, connected us to one another. >> the vietnam war and civil rights movement are both significant examples of how american music enables people of different backgrounds to express themselves and come together. >> ♪ come together right now >> freedom of expression is essential to the spread of political messages in america. however, musicians of other countries do not enjoy this freedom. pussy riot, a russian punk band, is focused on feminist activism and in one performance, they criticize the orthodox church for supporting the russian president vladimir putin. members of the band were sentenced to

vietnam veterans came back to san francisco to a unfriendly city. the anti-war movement, they were called all sorts of things. when they were finally embraced in the community, it was years and years later. we're talking decades of neglect and decades of mental health issues and substance abuse. we cannot afford to do that again with the next generation of veterans. that's the reason why i want to work on the veteran affairs commission. on one hand, i hate seeing the veterans that we have in the streets. we need to continue to work with them. that's why our commission still has veterans serving from the vietnam war. these are veterans we'll continue to work with. we will continue to work with them. at the same time, i feel like we need to get ahead of the curve and don't repeat the mistakes of the past and focus on the issues that are ailing these veterans but also affecting veterans that we don't often see. the veteran you see behind me, statistically, have 83% chance of having ptsd. you can magic that will snowball to other issues that we don't se

well in an open letter to the vietnam association of victims of agent orange asked a u.s. court to reopen a previously dismissed lawsuit against monsanto the association believes the recent us court rulings have set a precedent one son to itself which is now part of the pharmaceutical giant by admits responsibility for creating agent orange but not for the damage associated with it will investigative reporter dave lindorff leaves for courts to rule in favor of american soldiers but not factual victims in vietnam smacks of double standards. the u.s. fought for i think over a decade suit by vietnam veterans who weren't getting the same kinds of illnesses that the vietnamese people are getting because they handled it and because it was sprayed on them and finally they won and the government now accepts that fourteen diseases and auto immune ailments and cancers are presumptively caused by exposure to agent orange so you know for the u.s. to do that for its own soldiers and then not do it for the people who were actually the targets of this mess to spring of defoliants is simp

this was the first step into the vietnam era. even before vietnam. actually, what you may not realize, what i did not realize until i wrote the book is how much the vietnam war itself owes to the bay of pigs. if we have time i'll delve into that more later on but right now i want to go back a bit in time. back a few years before the bay of pigs and focus on the causes of the invasion, because here's the really central question, and one we don't have a good answer to even yet. how does something like this happen? my ambition in this book beyond telling what i think is a fascinating story as well as i could was to go back once more and look at these events as clearly as possible. with no access to grind with no finger-pointing, i'm not trying to blame anyone, i'm not trying to exonerate anybody, just trying to find out as best i could the truth. so with that goal in mind i began my narrative well above the invasion. you need to know not just what happened but the context in which it happened. so i began two years before the bombs began to fall on cuba.

the end up on altars like this back in vietnam. chung died of meningitis on a farm cooperative earlier this year in japan. her husband's grief almost too much to bear. i agreed for her to go because the income is a little higher than in vietnam. i knew that my decision would lead to this i would never have dared let her go to work like that no she's left me and our two little children. so many what ifs what if chung had not gone which she had gotten sick her employer insists she received adequate medical care but her husband believes it was too little too late. and i've lost faith in japan. i thought they respected human rights but i guess i just have to accept it with. higher wages lou are many vietnamese here to japan its fastest growing group of foreign workers many incur debts with recruiters just to get here harsh conditions are common and tapan hasn't exactly thrown down the welcome mat the new visa program caps most jobs at five years very few are allowed to bring family members. some quit and give up but with all they sacri