-- captions by vitac -- www.vitac.com >>> live from the cbs bay area studios. this is kpix5 news. >>> now at 5:00, a father and his young daughter killed in a flare in oakland and why it is believed it could be linked to several other crimes. >>> and police protests against totality turned violent. >> i heard some booms and staff. >>> in the forecast, for some of us, it was 15 degrees warmer today. and why was it so different across the bay today. >>> the final farewell to prince philip. thank you, for joining us. a father and a young daughter were killed in a suspicious fire . fire broke out near the oakland zoo and sh people including children were trapped inside. they say it was -- we do know that the child and father were found together that the fa is a hero. unfortunately though, they both perished. >> investigators think the fatal fire might be linked to several other crimes including a deadly shooting in another blaze that happened on april 14 at a commercial business on 90th avenue near birch street and on april 10. police responded to a shooting and fo

. -- captions by vitac -- www.vitac.com >>> live from the cbs bay area studios, this is kpix 5 news. >>> now at 5:00, a group of students rally to remember a man killed by san leandro police. >> we want people to wake up and join the fight. >>> and yesterday we started the significant warm up for half the bay area. today everyone felt it. how high the numbers went today coming up. >>> and one of the largest school districts in the bay area is getting ready to welcome thousands of students joinus, class. >> and i'ney. a group school ofudtsrallng to honor killed by police a year ago. the officer has been charged with voluntary manslaughter. da lin reports from san leandro. >> reporter: today marks the one year anniversary of steven taylor's killing. organizers say his death was preventable. >> we want people to wake up and join the fight because we can't do it ourselves. >> the first step to change is start having the conversation and looking within, so i think it's very important for other people to be a part of this. >> reporter: students from the social justice academy at the high s

. -- captions by vitac -- www.vitac.cocom >>> live from the cbs bay area studios, this is kpix 5 news. >> i'm in san jose where a church has used its service today as a town hall to discuss the hateful disruption of their service on easter sunday. we'll have the story coming up. >>> hundreds of community college students take to the streets. what they are demanding tonight. >>> this fly in southern california as hundreds of protesters and counter protesters face off at a white lives matter rally. how police were able to get control of the unruly crowd. thank you for joining us. >> we begin this evening with a moment of healing for a san jose church zoom bombed by a racist rant a week ago. last sunday, grace baptist cathedral easter service was disrupted by a group of hackers throwing slurs at the parishioners. how the congregation is coming together to combat the hate and intolerance. >> reporter: modern technology has made it easy for churches to spread their message much peace to the rest of the world and done the same unfortunately for messages of hate. these days, grace pitch chur

captioning performed by vitac included just to give context of the statement, the statement was approximately an hour and a half long. he freely answered the agent's questions about where he and mr. floyd spent the day, what his behavior -- what their behaviors were, where they went, the things that they did earlier in the day. and specifically, how he appeared physically, what his demeanor was, et cetera. he then provided information to mr. -- excuse me, agents henning and wary relative to be in cup foods, his observations of mr. floyd in cup foods and his observations of mr. floyd in the car prior to the arrival of officers king and lang. instantaneously, it was day and night. there were concerned. then all of this -- he describes the interaction with the two witnesses who have previously testified. the store employees who have testified. he describes that -- they had to try to shake mr. floyd awake several times. and then obviously he gives testimony about what happened afterwards. there were questions about whether by the agents about whether mr. hall had -- excuse me, mr. floyd had consu

. -- captions by vitac -- www.vitac.com wanna help kids get their homework done? well, an internet connection's a good start. but kids also need computers. and sometimes the hardest thing about homework is finding a place to do it. so why not hook community centers up with wifi? for kids like us, and all the amazing things we're gonna learn. over the next 10 years, comcast is committing $1 billion to reach 50 million w-income americans with the tools and resources they need to be ready for anything. i hope you're ready. 'cause we are. peter: a miami of american accountability. >> today we are able to breathe again. peter: the nation reacts. to the conviction of derek chauvin. >> find the defendant guilty. peter: for the murder of george floyd. now that the trial is over -- >> systemic racism is a stain on our nation's soul. peter: what can washington do to reform policing? and, president biden follows through on his campaign promise to battle climate change. >> no nation can solve this crisis on our own. peter: next. >> this is "washington week." corporate funding

. -- captions by vitac -- w captioning sponsored by wnet >> sreenivasan: on this edition for sunday, april 25: india's covid crisis and the rush to slow the spread; jeff greenfield with a look at the presidential benchmark of the first hundred days in office; the messy truth about recycling and a once familiar roadside mainstay looking to woo a new generation. next on “pbs newshour weekend.” >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: sue and edgar wachenheim iii. the anderson family fund. bernard and denise schwartz. the cheryl and philip milstein family. barbara hope zuckerberg. the ar

. -- captions by vitac -- www.vitac.com (man) this program is made possible in part by contributions to your pbs stations from viewers like you. thank you. can you all live the ultimate retirement? you can. (man) from the new world center in miami beach, acclaimed personal finance expert suze orman provides essential advice to make your retirement more successful and secure. every little action that you take can make a tremendous difference. it's never too soon to begin. fear no more. an) join us for suze orman's "ultimate retirement guide." please welcome suze orman! [loud cheers & applause]

. -- captions by vitac -- www.vitac.com . >>> hello, everyone. welcome to "amanpour & company." here's what's coming up. >>> we in the senate are going to stand with our aapi community and, indeed, any community that is discriminated against. >> as the senate passes a bill to combat anti-asian discrimination, i speak with senator mazie hirono about stopping the hate and her own incredible journey. >>> then another tale of two worlds. the huge social movement of our time that simmer beneath her abstract murals. >>> you shouldn't have to choose between having a job and being poisoned. >> the fight for

. -- captions by vitac -- www.vitac.com >>> the sikh community is in mourning as four members were amonge indianapolis mass shooting. >> it's very difficult for a community not to feel targeted, especially given the violence that we've endured for decades. >> protests for a sixth straight night outside minneapolis and the potential for even more tonight. >> what happens every night is that for hours and hours, you see peaceful protests, and then as night falls, things tend to get a little bit more contentious. ♪ ♪ god save

. -- captions by vitac -- www.vitac.com >>> it's a very important night. we have to make sense of why this case was decided the way it was and what will it mean in this country after tonight? i'll be back at midnight eastern with special live expanded coverage. and guess who will be by my side. d. lemon. but right now he's here solo with the big show. >> what a night, what a day watching all of this unfold. i mean, here it is. i mean, we were -- we were talking about -- what -- just 24 hours ago that it only takes one juror. but that's not where we are right now. everybody agreed. ten hour of deliberation, four and a half hours one day -- four hours one day, six and a half another day, and here we are with justice in the eyes of in this country. >> the case does not have a companion. you know what the embarrassing thing is? i can't give you a great answer about where this case fits in terms of the statistics and percentages because we don't keep them. it's not a national metric for it. use of force. we depend on states. the fbi works with them, but there a

. -- captions by vitac -- www.vitac.com ♪ >>> hello, i'm victor blackwell. >> and i'm alisyn. today. you are about to be looking live at pictures from minneapolis. the family of daunte wright is saying their final good-byes to their 20-year-old son. ♪ oh, freedom, oh freedom over me ♪ >> this funeral is happening as the u.s. grapples with police shootings and questions about use of deadly force. daunte wright was shot in brooklyn center, minnesota, after being pulled over, according to police, for expired plates. this happened less than te

claim your seventy-five-dollar credit when you post your first job at indeed.com/promo -- captions by vitacs enough. we have to learn how to de-escalate. we have systemic racists. we have differences in how communities of color are treated. >> three strikes, and you're out, but get a vaccine shot or two and you can sit in a special section at a california baseball game. >> baseball's a community event. it's a communal thing. let's get back to a full ballpark here before the end of the season. >>> it makes me feel safe, and i think the people here feel safe because they can actually sit together and they don't have to socially distance. >>> a big day in space, crew two successfully and safely docking to the

. -- captions by vitac -- >>> good morning welcome to "street signs." i'm julianna tatelbaum along with joumanna bercetche. these are your headlines china and the u.s. cooperate on climate change after meetings in shanghai we'll speak with the aiib president about the forum in just a moment. >>> and shares dip in early trade as the lender's ceo steps down amid the allegations of money laundering. >>> germany's green party announces a candidate amid the autumn election. >>> and juventas shares climb as they join 11 of the other biggest clubs. announcing plans for a european super league >>> good morning happy monday we have a busy show to get through today. we're just going to start off with the developments overnight between the u.s. and china the two countries have set aside some of the differences and pledged to tackle a climate cries crisis the two countries issued a statement. chinese president jiping is rumored to talk about more on the climate plan and the president of aiib is joining us down the line pleasure to have you on the show today. clearl

-- captions by vitac -- www.vitac.com ♪ >>> hello, i'm victor blackwell. >> and i'm alisyn.hank you for joining us today. you are about to be looking live at pictures from minneapolis. the family of daunte wright is saying their final good-byes to their 20-year-old son. ♪ oh, freedom, oh freedom over me ♪ >> this funeral is happening as the u.s. grapples with police shootings and questions about use of deadly force. daunte wright was shot in brooklyn center, minnesota, after being pulled over, according to police, for expired plates. this happened less than ten miles from where the trial of derek chauvin was taking place. police say in an attempt to make an arrest, a veteran officer pulled out her gun instead of her taser and fired it, killing wright. >> at least two other african-americans died in police shootings this week, one in north carolina, another, a teenage girl in ohio. at the funeral today, members of daunte wright's family, reverend al sharpton, minnesota senator amy klobuchar will speak. cnn's adrienne broaddus is there outside of that church of we know that's

captioning performed by vitac experts today estimate that as many as one-third of human beings on the globe suffered from this new incarnation of influenza, incorrectly dubbed spanish influenza. striking with unprecedented fer rosety, the pandemic caused no fewer than 50 million deaths. it had packed in four waves, first coming through in the spring, and then, unfortunately, coming back in a second wave that was much more deadly. during that second wave, infection rates in the united states ranged between 25 and 40% and some 675,000 americans had perished. lillian's mother, of course, was one of the victims. but the pandemic didn't end in 1918. in fact, there was a third wave that came through early in the spring of 1919 and then either the first annual version of this new virus or a fourth wave then came through in early 1920. and you can imagine the kind of disruption that this must have meant, in a world that is just coming off of the great war, and that has already suffered through the pandemic of the fall of 1918. interestingly, though, it's long been an article of faith among hi

-- captions by vitac -- www.vitac.com >>> all of us are saying, enough is enough. we have to learn how to de-escalate. we have systemic racists. we have differences in how communities of color are treated. >> three strikes, and you're out, but get a vaccine shot or two and you can sit in a special section at a california baseball game. >> baseball's a community event. it's a communal thing. let's get back to a full ballpark here before the end of the season. >>> it makes me feel safe, and i think the people here feel safe because they can actually sit together and they don't have to socially distance. >>> a big day in space, crew two successfully and safely docking to the international space station. >> you could really feel the excitement just by the looks on their faces, the hugs that they're giving. ♪ >>> i'm pamela brown in washington. welcome to our viewers in the united states and around the world. you are in the "cnn newsroom." and we begin tonight with the future of policing and the deadly shootings raising tensions on race and law enforcement in america. a

captioning performed by vitac new future where as with the refugee crises that we see now, there's often, like, a push that forces them to leave their own countries and migrate somewhere else just because of, like, a failure of government or reasons that they don't have control over themselves. >> absolutely. so there is a forced migration that characterizes refugee migrations rather than immigrants who have more of a choice. >> i also think with refugees, there's somewhat of a connotation that when their home country -- when the turmoil stops in their home country, a lot of times they would be okay going back, verses an immigrant came to this country by their own choice. for a refugee the reason we would welcome them in, because we're housing them until they go back. but an immigrant with that connotation isn't there. >> the ability to be able to return to your home country. we've talked about how a lot of immigrants migrate to the united states or elsewhere and return home, but refugees don't have that option. that's an important point. because they have been forced out due to war, per

. -- captions by vitac -- the mad escape and the compelling week in the derek chauvin trial. i'm shepard smith. this is "the news" on cnbc the medical examiner who ruled george floyd's death a homicide takes the stand. >> i did not want to bias my exam. >> day ten investigations into the motives for two deadly mass shootings less than 24 hours apart the battle to unionize an amazon facility is over tonight, the vote count and what it means for american labor. battling covid, the virus and the misinformation social media flooded with lies about the impact on fertility. prince philip dead, volcano eruption and the mars helicopter poised to make history >> live from cnbc, the facts, the truth, "the news with shepard smith. >>> he performed the autopsy of george floyd and ruled his death a homicide the medical examiner took the stand. he testified that chauvin's knee on george floyd's neck and officers pinning him to the asphalt was the direct cause of death, even if fentanyl and severe heart disease played an underlying role. >> it was just more than mr. floyd could take by virt

captioning performed by vitac we had the fbi hrt team, the hostage response team, which i'm very thankful they were there. many great unknowns there. and with all of their equipment. so we went out to the first of four sites, which the first one was where apparently they had done most of the work and the fabrication on the boat that was used for the bombing. we add teams divided up that would do the forensic examination plus other leads at each site. i and a apartment from the jjtf who was an nypd police detective who worked extensively in the east africa bombings, al qaeda, nairobi, tanzania, we were the leads for the next site which was actually what we call the safe house. this is where the two suicide bombers -- i'm going a little bit forward in the narrative. we knew this later. it was strongly suspected at the time, that was the point where they actually worked on the boat before the launch. a little bit more fabrication. they had a big tank to work on the outboard motor and that was the actual location. we had actually good fortune to have an eyewitness working on the roof of the h

-- captions by vitac -- www.vitac.com >>> the sikh community is in mourning as four members were among the victims of the indianapolis mass shooting. >> it's very difficult for a community not to feel targeted, especially given the violence that we've endured for decades. >> protests for a sixth straight night outside minneapolis and the potential for even more tonight. >> what happens every night is that for hours and hours, you see peaceful protests, and then as night falls, things tend to get a little bit more contentious. ♪ ♪ god save the queen ♪ ♪ >>> prince harry flanked by the duke and duchess of sussex. they look comfortable. harry and william, breaking away there, chatting. they broke away together in the name of prince philip. in death, he's brought the family together. ♪ >>> i'm pamela brown in washington. welcome to our viewers in the united states and around the world. you are in the "cnn newsroom." and tonight, three major american cities, chicago, indianapolis, and the suburbs of minneapolis, they are just the latest places where americans are terrified, they are fed up

. -- captions by vitac -- www.vitac.com >>> hello, and thank you for being with us.isyn camerota. president biden arriving in georgia moments ago where he's set to visit former president jimmy carter. he's on the road to publicly pitch his big plans to transform the middle class but biden's already getting pushback from even within his own party. >>> and we have new details about the fed's raid of rudy giuliani's apartment. first we're just watching the first couple there get into the transport. >>> so, rudy's apartment and office were raided. president trump's one-time fixer and personal attorney, michael cohen, tells us that he thinks this was about much more than just ukraine. and michael cohen is going to join us live just ahead. >>> there is also this

captioning performed by vitac >> mr. president, mr. speaker, members of the house and the senate, distinguished americans here as visitors in this chamber, as am i. it is nice to have a fresh excuse for giving a long speech. [laughter] when presidents speak to congress and the nation from this podium, typically they comment on the full range in challenges and opportunities that face the united states. but this is not an ordinary time, and for all the many tasks that require our attention, i believe tonight one calls on us to focus, to unite, and to act. and that is our economy. for more than anything else, our task tonight as americans is to make our economy thrive again. let me begin by saying that it has been too long, at least three decades, since a president has come and challenged americans to join him on a great national journey, not merely to consume the bounty of today but to invest for a much greater one tomorrow. [ applause ] like individuals, nations must ultimately decide how they wish to conduct themselves, how they wish t

. -- captions by vitac -- www.vitac.com >>> hello, and thank you for being with us. i'm victor blackwell. >> and i'm alisyn camerota. president biden arriving in georgia moments ago where he's set to visit former president jimmy carter. he's on the road to publicly pitch his big plans to transform the middle class but biden's already getting pushback from even within his own party. >>> and we have new details about the fed's raid of rudy giuliani's apartment. first we're just watching the first couple there get into the transport. >>> so, rudy's apartment and office were raided. president trump's one-time fixer and personal attorney, michael cohen, tells us that he thinks this was about much more than just ukraine. and michael cohen is going to join us live just ahead. >>> there is also this global tragedy that is getting worse by the hour in india. some streets are now lined with make makeshift crematoriums as the count of deaths continues to surge. we'll take you live to new delhi in a moment. >>> but first, let's get to the president's big pitch. cnn chief white h

visit friends in new jersey and visit friends in new jersey and they took m captioning performed by vitac and it was actually for sale at the time. and it wasn't that expensive. it was a big house. but it was kind of run down. and i thought, you know, i could maybe get enough resources because it wasn't that much and the economy at the time wasn't that great. but i'm curious whatever happened to the mansion. i don't know if you know -- >> it's still there -- yeah, it's still there. it's in morristown. i'm looking at my book for a list of illustrations. because it's still there and it's a private home, but you can look at it. there is a museum in a home to him which contains many objects related to him. but as i understand it, it is not the same house. i have a photograph of the house in my book -- i'm seeing if i can find it -- and he loved that house. he and his wife moved -- there we go. got to love technology. there's the house. >> there you go. >> yeah. it's a perfectly nice house. he and his wife moved there because he said he had been threatened by boss tweed, which his story was --

captioning performed by vitac he's not going to last very long. now you're going into laos where they really know how to shoot helicopters? it wasn't a shock when crandell got killed. in all the deaths, two of the most needless deaths that happened there. >> what was the pilot pipeline during this time? the u.s. is coming out but there are still folks who need replacement? >> it was huge. during primary flight school, 250 brand-new pilots would show up. 250. and there was no washing out. you washed back. it was just unbelievable. there were ten companies at fort walters. each flight had 50 and there were five -- 250 to a company. there was 2,500 primary flight school people coming through every four months. that was -- there was also what we called rlos, real-life officers, that's what we called them. and they were going through with us, maybe 50. so you were putting through 3,000 to primary flight school and then, yeah, every 12 months they were graduating 3,000 and nobody washed out. if you got sick or wounded -- or sick or something happened in

employers might offer employees employers might offer employees id captioning performed by vitac paid time off for the time involved in going to get that vaccine. vaccination, you see, is not just a win for public health, but we know that businesses are alñg ultimately, vaccination plays a large role in getting us to herd immunity and fully reopening the economy. finally, we must incorporate the medical neighborhood to build vaccine confidence. we think of hospitals, we think of health care professionals, we think of all the others who provide health care services who actually in the communities, all of those are critical to building trust in the covid-19 vaccines. as a doctor, i know firsthand that the amount of trust americans put in the medical neighborhood, the neighborhood around them, the ecosystem around them, each and every day, to care for themselves, to care for their children, to care for their loved ones. there is no more important time than now to tap into that trust and to build confidence in covid-19 vaccines as well as vaccines of the future. you know, we have a great

captioning performed by vitac we start a night of programs featuring mr. mondale with a conversation from 2015 with former president jimmy carter. this was part of a tribute to mr. mondale hosted by the university of minnesota's humphrey school of public affairs. watch tonight beginning at 8:00 p.m. eastern and enjoy american history tv every weekend on c-span3. ♪♪ ♪♪ >>> the constitutional convention began in 1787 in philadelphia. virginians james madison and george mason found themselves this is on opposing sides regarding key components of the document. . next a re-enactment of the debate between the two men as they argue about issues about the bill of rights and slavery. hosted by the williamsburg foundation. this is an hour. >>> hello, and welcome to the great constitutional debate right here at colonial williamsburg. my name is stuart harris and i teach constitutional law at lincoln memorial university in knoxville, tennessee. today we have a real treat for you. we're going back to the time when the constitution was ratified and we're going

captioning performed by vitac >> and you got to sell. that's really important. >> so i do think people take it into consideration now. >> the idea, though, again, going back, you don't compromise the film you're making to give it a sales hook. >> right. >> hopefully, your sales hook is genuinely connected to the film you want to make. if it's a good film, the hook is great. but it's describing what you want to do. >> right. and so you're not saying, oh, this guy is an interesting character, i'll make him bigger. if he's not an interesting character, find another hook. it's not the truth. >> i want to thank you both for a really interesting conversation. [ applause ] and the audience as well. thank you for some great questions. i will say that i knew john was going to have some interesting things to say. but i especially want to thank you for all the preparation. she did this all for the library on her own and her evening and i appreciate that so much. thank you. thank you so much. a great interview. >>> weeknights this month, we're featu

tes captioning performed by vitac it was harris by cruising parties of heck lers. one boat was hired by the union. hundreds met despite heavy rain. ♪♪ on pier 73, carpets had been laid by emissaries for the occasion. one of the most massive assemblies of police and curt men ever gathered in new york. he could barely be glimpsed through the throng of protecters. his visit to these shores on his own invitation promises to make a general assembly session already momentous on the congo issue. it will be a historical meeting. 16 new members will be admitted, heads of government will be present, a dramatic setting with global states at issue. ♪♪ fidel castro whips of a fuhrer in cuba. he calls out some 200 though militiamen for training and guard duty throughout havana in a move coinciding with landing at guantanamo bay. on cuban charges of aggression by the united states. meanwhile in moscow, an expert at fishing in troubled waters reels out the line of friendship to a group of news men and women in cuba. he happily receives a gift of the cuban flag as he lands up with

captioning performed by vitac and the attorney general who didn't have a department at the time but who was the government's lawyer who was edmund randolph. >> when did the secretaries first meet collectively and why? >> so the secretaries met as a group for the first time in april 1791. president george washington was leaving the capital at the time, which was philadelphia, and going on a tour of the southern states. this was the first tour he had done of the southern states and he was planning to be gone for a couple of months. he knew there was a possibility that something might come up that would need an immediate response and he might not be able to give an media answer because the post took a long time at that point. he gave them the power to meet as a group and then to send their decision to him and he would basically ratify the decision. and that happened in april 1791. >> what precedent did washington set? >> washington set so many precedents as president. he established the title of president. he established how to nominee supreme court justices. in terms of the cabinet, that'

captioning performed by vitac from their prior life before the presidency that they bring into the white house kitchen, if they're going to make a change. but most -- since 1960, most presidents have kept a holdover from the previous administration. for instance, a guy named henry holler who was a swiss-born guy, served from johnson all the way to reagan. and then there was a reagan chef and george w. bush had the same chef. and then there was a new one who came in with the clintons and served until the end of the first term of george bush. the executive chef right now has been there ever since. >> is there a food budget? >> yes, there is. before you get to truman, our presidents had to pay for food out of their own pocket. and so truman eventually gets a budget. if you order food on air force one, the presidential yacht, when we had a yacht or a kitchen, they get billed against that account. it's not a free-for-all. that's another thing that goes into the food story. just to give you more history. the creation of the white house mess is a reflection on this. after the white house was re

captioning performed by vitac >> if i was going to visit, idaho, for example, i could go online and find out where in idaho the witness trees are, correct? >> unfortunately there are no witness trees in idaho. the witness tree project is -- it's moving slowly, shall we say. it's popular in the national parks. not so much in the states. but they're starting to pick up on it. i couldn't imagine going to any state without checking the collection at the library of congress and it's extremely organized. they drive me crazy. >> i wish i could show you here, it's just simple, go to the library of congress/pictures. you type in the search box -- >> or burnside sycamore. it will go right to the photos and drawings. any one of these it will go right to the report. you get all the pictures and all the written -- i'm giving you, of course, just a snippet of the history trying to cover a few of them. but there are -- some of these are very large documents and very interesting. we had a young historian work on them that was a civil war buff. so the report is like 30 pages. >> it does say, does it not,

captioning performed by vitac so since is treaty failed, mckinley was old enough to know how we got texas. they wound up annexing hawaii. there's the hawaiian flag coming down. by the way, there were a couple of navy bands, played a song as the flag came down. and the native musicians couldn't take it. it was only the american bands that played the star spangled banner. second from the left is prince david kalauokalani. here she is retired at washington place. she lived for almost another 20 years. jack london met her when he was in honolulu. he said, he could tell he would rather kill us. she died of a stroke in november 1917. there's pictures with her of the different governors. during world war i, she did raise the american flag over washington place when she heard that five hawaiian sailors had been killed in sinking. they gave her a state funeral in the palace. her funeral is pulled by 200 people pulling ropes and she was buried with her relatives. and there we have it. i'm sorry -- how long over? i hope i didn't go too long. that's my take on liliuokalani and why they feel the way t

captioning performed by vitac but yet, you know, tell us a little about that process. and how many scenes of the two meetings did you write, toss out, write, toss out, go one direction and then change course? >> i don't know the answer to that. i know i think by the time we opened, it was maybe on draft nine, i want to say. i do know -- i keep everything. i have everything in my file. i have the original idea, then i have the abysmal draft, the appalling draft, the incompetent draft, then i have the really awful draft and i have the bad draft which is -- we do a reading of, and i have a worse draft and eventually we get to rehearsal. so i don't actually know. for the writers out there, i don't think plays are written, i think they're grown. i think you grow them. and however long it takes to grow it is what your process is. in this case, i had to start with the historical research, certainly. but also reading them, so reading lincoln's letters, his speeches, reading douglass' speeches that he gave. partly to get the history, but partly to get their thought, to get what