there has never even been a vocabu nar tht tee ed t th as never a split between the pope and emperor because the caliph was both. the selar leader and religious leader merged into one later. tofhia is a religion of faith only, and it was only when the pope and emperor were united with each other in alliance, that the religious authority had secular power. that's not true in the mlim wh t waveen t abind ate he i v country in that part of the world that has held elections is that political islam is the winner. in ian, iraq,lbleia orit sit, every country where you have had some kind of participatory election, it is the it islamists who have generally one. i'm not sang there's anything wronwith that. 'aii evat witnessing in the middle east is the emergence of a region that is going to sort out trackthe modern development of e west, i think we need tohigain prexe ctrha gng oemdre industrialized, the middle class is growing by the day, and a long one of secular politics has come to an end. that is, i think,a clea a inaesa ertimoves to the middle east, what we are going to get is a differen