voltaire, we know him to some of his short stories. he and rousseau as welcome they are all polymath. the work in so many different areas, history, anthropology. voltaire during the 18th century seen as a greatest a rewrite of the era by far. he was, a great historian and known primarily for that. he was also the great human rights activist with a biting wit. he and diderot had a funny relationship. a met only once when the weather both old men and voltaire was dying at the time. diderot and voltaire respected each other tremendously. there were both on the same side but diderot wasn't atheist in voltaire was a day asked. voltaire wanted diderot to rain today and he also wanted diderot to crack of the church much more. diderot was interested in being as anti-clerical as voltaire was. he was interested in getting rid of god and exploring what's possible after god was no longer something you needed to think about before he you took a quen such as human sexuality, politics and so on. diderot and rousseau are the more radical thinkers in a

i bring us to chapter 23 of voltaire's famed philosophical tail, published in 1759. in this particular chapter, he wielded his sharp and sarcastic tend to critique the seven years'war of 1756 to 1763. where has been going on for three years when convict was released, there was described as sublimely foolish. voltaire opens chapter 23 with the details protagonist and his fellow traveler monte, a dutch philosopher sailing towards the coast of england, and discussing the seven years'war. first comes the famous line, in which meditate says the english and french are equally ridiculous over a few acres of's no in canada. continuing the, they spend much more on this beautiful war than the whole of canada is worth. and quote. it perhaps more ridiculous, and nefarious was the british penal code. which they witnessed when they near the english shoreline. the coast was lined with crowds of people, attentively watching a big man kneeling, his eyes bandaged on the upper deck of a warship in the arbor. or soldiers were position opposite this man, each of them fired three bullets,

voltaire, if you have heard of him at all, is probably known to you as the author of candide, which is a kind of satirical story that is set in the aftermath of the lisbon earthquake. poem,re also wrote this upon the lisbon disaster, which is not satirical at all. it is in fact very sad and very affecting and also very, very graphic in terms of describing what you would have seen in the aftermath of lisbon. it is long, but i have chosen the sexiest verse for my slide. and imagine.es women and children heaped up crushed,high, limbs mangled, torn, and panting for their breath. buried, beneath their sinking their sinking -- groups expire, they and their wretched lives and torment. this is pretty hot stuff. some people did indeed view the earthquake as a sign of divine vengeance. it led to sustained scientific investigation of earthquakes and their visible causes. scientific observations about lisbon in the aftermath of the earthquake really shaped a very ambitious government funded rebuilding of the portuguese capital after the earthquake was over. so science was really important in terms

means to defend the rights to make people laugh the freedom to mock ridicule is a caricature which voltaire claimed was the source of the rest to be french means always to be on the side of the freedom fighters. needs mental health treatment what else can be said to a head of state who does not understand freedom of belief and who behaves in this way to millions of people living in his country who are members of a different faith that frenzy kicked off for here with the now infamous satirical magazine charlie eb there used to have its offices instead of marking 5 years since the massacre here france was also about to bury new victims as the trial of those suspected of aiding the terrorists who killed in cold blood tape began sharlee abdo published what it described as a tribute to the dead it was like a red rag to a bull. then came the attack on vienna and that khan's initiative to crack down ism is started to gain wide momentum was the case that the attack was clearly an islamist terrorist attack it was an attack out of hatred hatred of our basic values. we know what vienna and austria hav

and i was able to divorce myself from her criticism because i thought i don't know that she has a voltaire like stranglehold on comedy but what i always like was del close at 2nd city and he it have a monocle on and he's given me notes on thing i got warner klemperer gleaning my act here what's happening here so that's what happened but where is bud metamorphic came off stage and so the son of got some notes and larry sucked. but when i was just. i got to tell you i'm here i find your manner delightful man want to go on netflix i thought i wonder what this is about and it was about food i saw that's the guy from ray's show and boy you've got a nice way about shot there brother you you you're good with the hoi poloi they dig you. thank you my friend i you're not going to talk to a luckier person than me that's really how i feel so yeah this is so pleasure phil i'm underdressed going great you know me and you. is it me or is it spectacular. to goodness if you do i'll be throwing up the best card for travelling sitting with people you just met and shared a meal with. my lucky to have this job

. >> it's voltaire, you don't have to do it. they suggested it for a period of time. this is voluntary. i don't think i'm going to be doing it. chris: if president trump had worn a mask then and urged everyone to wear a mask then, back in april, the way joe biden is right now, wouldn't we be in much better shape? secretary: well, chris, i welcome vice president biden to the club since the middle of april, the president guidelines -- >> chris: he's the president elect. secretary: the president has called masks, patriotic masks, we talk about the data. chris, at one meter, if two people wear the masks, it can reduce viral transmission by 72%, protecting both the source and the recipient. we've got the data, masks work, we encourage people wear a mask when we can't engage in social distancing. chris: first of all it's president elect, joe biden, secretary azar, and secondly the fact is the president said on april 3rd he wasn't going to wear a mask, he didn't wear a mask in public for 3 months until july and just last night at the rally in georgia, not only didn't he wear