i'd like to begin with you, wafaa.start of the pandemic, we were all saying herd immunity it -- we were all saying herd immunity, it was the buzzword. that's what we need, herd immunity. is that done and dusted now? is the cat out of the bag? >> i think we need at this point to really change the discourse and maybe change the narrative around what our goals are. and i think rather than using the term herd immunity, knowing that these vaccines we have, which are really superb vaccines, do not absolutely protect against every single infection, but yet, they protect against a severe illness, hospitalizations, and deaths. and maybe we should move to using more of a terminology of herd protection, rather than herd immunity, as much more of a feasible goal for all of us to try to achieve, to ultimately try to expand, scale up vaccination around the world, so we can protect as many people around the world as possible from the most severe effects of this virus. kim: mr. nichols, is that your take as, well, that herd immunity i

demonstrated by the reporting that we've been doing here in turkey and in greece on the devastating wafaa that swept across southern europe. now these wildfire do happen every year, but it is the scale of them and the intensity of them that is taking everybody by surprise this year and that look set to continue. the 1st you and report issued in 1990, had predicted human cause. climate change would become evident at the time. it couldn't prove with evidence that it was happening. that's now changed or nearly every measurement or climate is more extreme. and it's set to get was causing climate change and making extreme weather events more frequent and severe. second, it shows that climate change is affecting every region on our planet. and lastly, it's place that strong, rapid sustain reductions in carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions. would be required to limit global warming right now it's some of the world's poor countries that feeling the effects that they contribute less to greenhouse gases. there is hope thing, if the biggest admits is, are able to commit to deliver sharp