but hard war was not total war.while the march destroyed property and infrastructure and visited suffering and fear on the civilian population it lacked the wholesale destruction of human life that characterized world war ii. sherman's primary targets food stuffs and industrial government and military property, were carefully chosen to create the desired effect and never included mass killing of civilians, especially those law-abiding noncombatants who did not resist what sherman described as the national authority. indeed, sherman always claimed that his war on property was more humane than traditional methods of conflict between armies. he even told one south carolina woman that he was ransacking her plantation so that her soldier husband would come home and general grant would not have to kill him in the trenches at petersburg. he was fighting to bring rebels back in to the union, not to annihilate them. at the end of the march, when the people of savannah surrendered virtually without a fight, they were complete

he will spike on the great war as world war. welcome to professor dickenson. [ applause ] >>> thanks very much. thanks to all of you for sticking around for the final bash here. i'm honored and delighted to be the last headliner i guess and to be able to use the opportunity to sort of go a little global. we have sort of steadily made our way outside europe. i am going to try my best to get us even farther. i do want to thank the mcarthur memorial also the hampton roads naval museum and old dominion to inviting me here. it is a personal honor and privilege for me and i think it is a personal honor and privilege for asia to be included on the program of world war i. thank you for that. you guys thought of it because you have mcarthur. i should have made my pilgrimage a long time ago. for us i do realize he is important in the first world war. for us we think of him as the asian general and one who was very much involved in the united states going global and going asia pacific in the 20th century. i think it is very apropo. i do wa

but of course it's not a european war. it's a world war. and you can see that much better with this kind of map. and i think this map is quite -- quite astonishing. basically with this map almost every country you can think of on this map is involved in the war in some way. it's only a few areas of latin america that remains blank. other than that really super global and you could talk about any one of these. i, of course am only going be focusing on the east asia part. so i would sort of keep that in mind. for us americans, it's not too difficult to think of this as a global war because, you know we're not there in europe and we know we played an important part. and so yeah. obviously it's a global war. so for my perspective as an asianist, i'm here today to tell you, okay it's not just the americans that make it global. there are other folks who make it global. back to this map again -- well notice where the united states is. notice where the sort of connections with the war or the most tenuous, again we observed before. it's latin americ

this could be revolutionary war, war of 1812, civil war. i've got a document that supposedly the individual was discharged by george washington personally. that was my understanding. i went into the archives, and i dove into the microfilm records, and there is a contemporary document that was written at the time indicating yes indeed, this person was personally discharged by george washington. that information i found by going into the pension records. a quick answer -- the main branch of the archives, revolutionary war, through the spanish-american war. usually the letters mostly surfaced from the civil war, but there are other very useful, very interesting documents that were also surfacing from the early wars. american revolution, war of 1812 mexican war things of that sort. more recently, it would be through archives in college park. and for that you need to contact staff to find out, because veterans from world war ii are still alive. there may be some limitations on accessing public records sure they would be in a better position than

it is a global war. but from my perspective as an asianist it is not just the americans that make it global. there are other folks who make a global. if you go back to this map again, you will notice where the united states is. you will notice where the connections are most tenuous. it is in the latin america, but everywhere else, in europe, and the middle east, and we just heard the story of the balkans and the middle east, that they are all caps sort of colored up, and i think that is a nice sort of reflection of the fact that it is that part of the world. if you are talking about -- stop it. if you are talking about this as a world war, but ok, it starts here. this is the really most important part. i'm going to sort of give you the pitch as to why we need to think about what is going on here. it is basically parallel to what we know that is going on here. keep in mind it is going along before anything is happening over here. ok to start with, i want to show off nicely, a picture that we have for cont

articles of war. the u.s. articles of war essentially followed the traditional, well understood customs of warfare at the time. one of the customs of warfare, the understandings and usages that were accepted by all americans since the revolution that have been promulgated by the military over and over again, including the general regulations of the army promulgated by secretary of war john calhoun in 1821, and all of these rules said you had to treat prisoners of war humanely. you had to provide them with enough food. you had to provide them with shelter. you cannot summarily execute them. every one of the leader in confederate officers, and indeed almost all of the confederate officers, because most of them were west point graduates, have studied these rules and had applied these rules while they were in the united states army before they left. the confederate government adopts the regulations of the army in the confederate states and among the other things it adopts, it adopts verbatim the u.s. arti

he was practicing hard war. did your research into the civil war shed any light on how much destruction was perpetrated against the houses and other properties from here to submit a? and what did you learn? >> you know, this is an area where lots of people and asking lots of questions and then some good research. and to summarize what i've read which is by no means all of the work that has been done but the amount of a, i think it is true that in general he paid very little he tried to avoid private property, but anything that any military value he felt was very much fair game and it was appropriate to destroy it in some way. i think that was probably true of both sides, servitude and both sides of the war at first times in various campaigns. i think interestingly james mcpherson points this out in one of his books, when it came to south carolina, he was a little tougher i think because there was a perception on the poor, and it wasn't so which he was a little tougher but a number of his pen were a little toughe

built by war. >> quoted remark from the civil war. >> well, we learned a lot about supply logistics is in the distribution of food or and material. we learned a lot about metallurgy, chemistry all of which was developed for military purposes but then became part of arson millions society. but this one thing that is the harshest most important lesson of all people say war is crazy and irrational but the truth is the opposite. workforce is societies to think rationally because if you don't think rationally will disappear. this is the lesson of the polyp asian wars. it told the story of the greek army landing on the island. the athenians want to establish naval base. get out of here. we don't want you here. they are not going to bother you. we want to establish naval base. if you try to stay. army is ten times times as large as yours. you have a chance. they said our cause is just. surely the gods will take up our cause and you we will be seized. the athenians said we believe in the gods to but we were not. they gods tend to favor the larger army. they thought were destroyed. the lesson h

whatbut the reality is the second world war could become more of a "right here" war. a time, german boats stocked -- stalked our coast. they could threaten to funnel more of europe's conflict across the atlantic. the point is, world war ii could have turned out a lot differently if not for the men and women of the civil era of patrol. they served selflessly, often at their own expense. they used their own aircraft. first, to spot german boats and later, do actually attack them. some did so with little more than a compass and a radio. emergency equipment, if they had any, might have consisted of a vest or an answerr aninnertube. they did all of this for their country. not for religious -- riches because they received if you and not for fame because little was forthcoming. but out of a sense of duty of service. today, few americans have even heard of the civil air patrol. it is a shame. it continues now as an auxiliary of the air force with the monetary and missions. its members deploy when the country is in need, performing a variety of services and search and rescue o

navy during world war ii. mark harris, thanks very much for being with us. >> thanks for having me. >> what can you tell us about the work of john ford? >> well, ford was one of the most respected directors in hollywood, probably the most respected director before the war. between 1939 and 1941 he went on kind of an unmatched tear in hollywood making "the grapes of wrath," "how green was my valley," "stagecoach," one of the first really important sound westerns, "drums along the mohawk," just a set of movies that gave him the reputation as one of the most intelligent and serious minded directors. he was also the most prescient of the five directors i write about in realizing war was inevitable. three months before pearl harbor, ford was already in uniform. he felt war was coming, and he also understood hollywood really needed to be prepared. he had gotten the navy to agree almost a year before the war to let him create something that came to be known as the field photo unit. it was a sort of -- intended as an

for the air men, the ground war is remote. the only war you really understand is the air war.an see a pattern to it. lots of the country never been touched. little towns that walked the ridges, like tightrope artists to keep from falling off. this one didn't matter. when something did matter, that was another story. this is how we changed the face of italy from the air. they boasted italian trains ran on time. not these. this is what we did to the face of italy. there's a story behind why we did it and how we did it. the story starts on an island 60 miles off italy's coast. the island of corsica. >> corsica, rugged, primitive, mountainous, malaria. here, they still remember a local boy who put corsica on the map. 150 years ago. this island part of france is liberated by the french in september '43. but you can still find a few germans left by the wayside where they fell in the shadow of our air drones. alto air base. sunday morning. here, sunday is like monday, and monday is like every other day in the week. a working day. the engines wake you at dawn. in your sack, you can he

don't forget the rvrean war to some extent, the vietnam war was the proxy war against china. and we had good relations with china we would have no need to fight a proxy war against china. band let5: face it, that is why this is an important subject. there's no greater disaster american history than the vietnam war. >> first of all i am delighted you got rid of all, miinuonceptions. i was born and raised in the shanghai. coming now, and -- of the things i wish to pep nt out, when they talked about a glowing report which is john davis and all these peoples, the peopl rs liberation army walked in shanghai on may 25th, 1949 the few farmers that revers, and the chinese because of all this propagandas they heard overs the years that they very kind nice to the peasants never stealing anything. this is carried on. they found out in six months it was a different story when they took over the estam mishment. thank you very much. >> i wish i had known you when i was still doing the resea form mi >> i am a lith without exception these people were savaged after the communists. it was publ

both were pro war war. if mcclellan left the northern masses any ground for hope his election might have stopped the fusion of their blood and money he might have been elected but given the choice between two war candidates, the people of the united states have no reason to change their government. in short, the two confederate camps differed not only on the question of means but also ends. hardliners had little faith that a democratic president would do the south's bidding. instead they wished for lincoln's defeat because it might signal the erosion of northern morale and herald the coned if confederacy's military triumph. the core principle of the hardliners of jefferson davis and his camp was that only battlefield victories and not political machinations would win southern independence. the primary aim of these hardliners was not to encourage northern dissent. that was a secondary aim. but instead to revive southern enlistment and discouragage desertion and stoke the will to fight on the part of the conf

shipping, war munitions, war horses.imarily the civilians tend to be more collateral damage. would you also use terrorism to describe the sabotage programs of the british s.o.e. or the american s.o.s. in world war ii, we ordinarily reserve terrorism for programs that primarily spread terror among civilians. >> you raise an interesting point. i'm using the vocabulary that's used by the cia. the cia in their in-house journal has referred to this as the first terrorist attack on america. i think it's too narrow to say that american citizens were not targeted. something like 54 people were just workers in the various munitions factory blew up. black tom, there were three deaths. these were all civilians. the people who were killed in the ancillary anthrax attacks on the horses were civilians. this was basically an attack on our homeland. j.p. morgan, a civilian. i think when people come to our shores and we're not in a state of war, and try to do damage to american lives that's terrorism. that's how i would define it. and i

we are determined that the vicious german cycle of war, phoney peace, war, phoney peace, war, phoneyll once and for all time come to an end. that is your job in germany. >> the film, "your job in germany" from 1945, director frank capra. and joining us from new york is author mark harris, who has been researching this topic. put the timing of this film, 1945, and the audience into perspective, if you would. >> well, "your job in germany" was a post-war film made to be shown not to general audiences but to soldiers. they were the "you" in the title, "your job in germany" occupying forces in post-war germany who were trying to deal with a recently defeated german populace, and movie was largely written by theodore geisel, we know better as dr. seuss, who at the time that frank capra recruited him for army work was a left-wing editorial cartoonist in new york. he was strongly anti-german and "your job in germany" is the product of a dispute that was really prevalent within the war department as the war neared its end. not just for germany but for japan as well. there was a question of h

stubby the war dog survived the horrors of the trenches and became a war hero. this evening, the story of this very special dog and his soldier. ann bausum is an award-winning children's author who captures characters whether they fly under the historical radar or rise to the top of recognition. i can only imagine recognition. i can only imagine what >> hello, and thank you for coming out. i appreciate the work take the -- the work done to make this visit possible. i would like to start by thanking the kansas city public library and the national world war i museum for sponsoring my visit here. i am very excited to be in kansas city, talking with you all about this historical figure, and retracing some steps a little bit. i have been doing that over the years, following stubby all the places he has been, and one of the places he has been is kansas city. i will talk a little bit more about that as the evening goes on. let's go to the pictures. i brought lots of historical images to share with you. i will tell you a little bit about my own background. the story of

like, don't go to war! don't go to war! don't go to war!this is the best shooter in the world! he's got to go to war! she's like a broken record. >> larry: yeah, i thought phil was supposed to direct the movie and it would have been different. >> but it's clint eastwood film a black and white view of the world, chris kyle's view of the war was george bush's and it's not mine and not everyone else's -- >> you like that perspective. i like that perspective to be told because it's part of the larger story. if it gets millions of people to understand what we've gone through, we'll take it. >> larry: nick, how much of an issue -- go ahead if you want to clap. (applause) >> thank you. >> larry: how much of an issue is the ptsd part of it? >> i think it's a big issue. my last deployment, in four months, i killed 33 guys as a sniper. >> larry: 33. yeah. the bodies didn't matter i'm not -- >> larry: you're not assessing any threats now? >> no, i'm a nice guy. (laughter) i don't have any regrets about killing anyone. i regret not being able to save t

the war was actually not a war movie but a western.in post war germany was horrified to see little children running around in cowboy outfits shooting cap pistols. he wanted to make a movie that made audiences aware of what a bullet really did. what the impact of shooting someone really was and he said that in the movie, i believe the words he used was for our purposes in this movie, a single shot is a holocaust. and even today, "shane" stands as one of the most sober and painful westerns from that era. >> george stevens, one of the five directors featured in the new book out by mark harris titled "five came back." joining us from new york city, here on "american history tv," thanks very much for being with us. >> thank you. >> you've been watching a special presentation of our "reel america" series. join us every sunday at 4:00 p.m. for more ar chi value films. watch as these films take you through a journey through the 20th century. that's "reel america" every sunday at 4:00 p.m. eastern here on american history tv on c-span3. we'd li

against iraq was a bad war but the war in afghanistan was a good war. on an evening in which we are awaiting, find whether an indictment will come down and ferguson which in my mind at least highly unlikely we highly suspect abuse is in the biz of bring democracy innuendo but it's important to be talking about afghanistan, the reality of afghanistan, both in terms of the impact it has on the actual people who live there which brought to light brilliantly in anand gopal spoke "no good men among the living," and also on the impact it has on the troops are actually forced to take the step up like in the book "worth fighting for" by the rory fanning, he claimed conscientious objection status which we'll talk about in his portion. he was also served in the same unit with pat to come and after he was killed walk across the country to raise money for the pat tillman foundation to the book is filled about stores by his decision and aftermath and then the journey across. anand gopal covered afghanistan for a number of outlets including "the wall street journal."

we have ended the wars. we are off a permanent war footing.act is that we are still on a war footing. and he is sending more troops little by little into a lot of these countries. he has raised a number of troops in iraq and i think he will have to continue elsewhere because the strategy of training these armed forces of these so-called friendly governments hasn't worked yet for us. i think it is a real problem. we are right in the middle of a bunch of sec sect arian wars. we don't really have a good strategy. on the other hand you don't have republicans jumping up and down saying commit more troops. there are a few voices dianne feinstein, john mccain. >> john mccain, sure. george, your shots. >> we heard two very interesting words used so far in the clips you have shown. one is manifestation. we are fighting al qaeda's manifestations here there and everywhere. i gather that doesn't mean just al qaeda but something described as an extension or imulation of it. it is hard to say but it really does mean that this is metastasizing rather rapidly

stubby, the war dog, survived the horrors of the trenches and became a war hero. this evening, ann is going to share the story of this very special dog and his soldier. ann has a lively style breathless pacing and intriguing characters, whether they fly under history's radar, or rise to the top of historical recognition. after our visit to the national world war i museum today, i can only imagine what historical art fat has set her imagination in motion now. please welcome ann bausum. >> hello and thank you. thank you for coming out. i appreciate the work that katie stover has done to make this visit possible and so i would like to start by thanking the kansas city public library and the national world war i museum for sponsoring my visit here. i am very excited to be in kansas city talking with you all about this historical figure and retracing some steps a little bit. i've been doing that over the years, following stubby all of the places he has been. one of the places he's been is kansas city. so i'll talk a little bit more about that as the evening goes on. bu

the first world war was the most devastating war of its kind.reft and a family grieving -- those soldiers did not die in vain. because of them and their sacrifices -- we live in relative peace. one of the enduring legacies -- that war should never be repeated on such a scale. [applause] >> thank you. now, from london, i called ms. hannah morris. [applause] >> my name is hannah morris. get the kettles boiling and brew up some tea. what better to lift spirits? four officers and 100 soldiers had the duty of firing join or miss guns too heavy to be pulled by horses. he fought in many battles and watched the british advance from his position. germans had constructed deep stuctures. they brought down their machine guns and mowed them down. the descriptions are not poetic. i'm receiving news of his best friend's death, he simply wrote "such a good fellow." he was 24 when world war i began. leonard parent and was my great-grandfather. by the and of the war, many lessons were recorded at the end of his diary. number four was my favorite -- there's nothin

real war in ukraine.olish apples were a casualty after moscow slammed the door on most agricultural imports from the european union, a tit for tat slapped on russia and has major pain in the farming community and an hour's drive south of war saw, orchards as far as the eye can see grow this, the famous apple, it's delicious and they love these and so do other people. in 2013 they exported over 56% of all apple exports and ended on august first and there is nobody to buy the apples now and that is going to cost apple growers 659 million this year. and apple grower the situation is dire. in a typical year 40% of the apples he grows are shipped to russia and without russia jeopardy. >> they are suffering because now our market is panic. >> reporter: that panic is a symbol of bigger fear spreading across a european continent whose economic health was already turning rotton and they dealt europe another blow, no where is the fear greater than germany whose economy europe's biggest is faltering badly, as a resu

[applause] >> we often think of world war ii as an over there war.he kind of conflict our soldiers deployed overseas to fight. of course, millions of americans did do just that. many of us know a veteran who served, and of course we honor them. but the reality is, the second world war could have become more of a right here war. for a time, german u-boats stalked our coast. we often forget it, but those submarines actually sank american ships. if left unchecked, they could have threatened more of europe's conflict across the atlantic. the point is, world war ii could have turned out a lot differently if not for the men and women of the civil air patrol. they served selflessly, often at their own expense. they used their own aircraft. first to spot german boats, and later to actually attack them. some did so with little more than a compass and a radio. emergency equipment, if they had any, might have consisted of a vest or an inner tube. some were housed in chicken coops. others laid their heads in a barn. they did all of this for their country. not fo

aces in the korean war. one trade and i've had the honor of meeting some current rational medal of honor winners and really genuine heroes and they are all modest individuals. they are all very modest and you almost have to pry it out of then the experience that they had. i think they are humbled humbled them that i is not because they had the kind of care or that was willing to do the same that only qualifies someone for the congressional medal of honor. i've always been little uneasy when i heard veterans bragging about this battle or that battle. just a little bit uneasy. everyone is out of their exploits, but it depends on how you do it. i think humility is a very important aspect for all of the and whatever we do in life. >> i have been told. i've extended and i've got two more questions. i think the senator has the prerogative to say we have two more. >> this is your sixth book starting with the first faith of my fathers. is there a next book coming? >> we have been partners in most of the credit i wou

the use of drones and the war on terror, obama has declared is part of a quote, just war, a war waged proportionally in last resort and in self-defense. critics have regularly sounded their displeasure with the drone products and in articles stretching from 2009 to 2014 and shown women and children harmed by drones. writers in the religious press have employed just war press to express their concerns. in a 2013 anti-drone video publicized by cnn belief net this criticized obama and claimed it violated proportionality and distinction. some religious bodies from the national conference of catholic bishops to the moderate disciples of crist to the black church initiative have publicized their decent.

that he was not just a civil war photographer, but he was in some sense the civil war photographer.hat he himself managed to take all those photographs we have become familiar with in the past few years as the 150th anniversary of the war has rolled along. it's true we see a number of the same photographs again and again. this one became a u.s. postal stamp of the 150th anniversary of the battle of geties burg. and this one was one of the first photographs of the dead in warfare ever taken. confederate bodies gathered for burial after the 1862 battle of anteitam. it's possible one man could have scurried around and taken all of the photographs especially since there are few photographs. none of the photographs or photos he took survived the day. they were probably survived in the panic retreat of the union army. he did have this heroic photograph of himself made in his washington studio the next day. several publication including "the new york times" wrongly reported or at least strongly implied he brought photographs back from the battlefield. after bull run where he could be forgi

shipping, war munitions, war horses.imarily the civilians tend to be more collateral damage. would you also use terrorism to describe the sabotage programs of the british s.o.e. or the american s.o.s. in world war ii, we ordinarily reserve terrorism for programs that primarily spread terror among civilians. >> you raise an interesting point. i'm using the vocabulary that's used by the cia. the cia in their in-house journal has referred to this as the first terrorist attack on america. i think it's too narrow to say that american citizens were not targeted. something like 54 people were just workers in the various munitions factory blew up. black tom, there were three deaths. these were all civilians. the people who were killed in the ancillary anthrax attacks on the horses were civilians. this was basically an attack on our homeland. j.p. morgan, a civilian. i think when people come to our shores and we're not in a state of war, and try to do damage to american lives that's terrorism. that's how i would define it. and i

he had to leave for the war and his service in the war before completing a movie he was making, which reunited the cast of "the maltese falcon" called "across the pacific." >> so much focusing on the post traumatic stress of those who returned from vietnam or more recently in iraq and afghanistan, i want to ask you about one of two films that he put together, this one from 1945, "let there be light." what did he bring to the american audience about this condition, and these servicemen, mostly men, who returned from world war ii and what they faced? >> well, "let there be light" is a remarkable documentary. it -- houston was asked about making what the army felt would be a propaganda film. the propaganda element of this was that the movie was intended to show that these men could recover incredibly quickly, and it's almost specifically intended to be aimed at american small and mid-sized businesses who needed to be told that it was safe, in fact, to hire returning veterans. someone's hysterical paralysis, for instance, is cured under hypnosis. the propaganda element of this was that th

now we live in a new cold war but it's a danger for real war. >> not everyone shares the former romania president's fears that russia and the u.s. are bound for armed conflict. yet an increasing presence has left no room for error. when russia launched an unusually large number of combat aircraft near nato air space. nearly 2 dozen russian bombers and fighters swooped over the north sea, the black sea, the gulf of finland and the baltic sea. that intercept was captured here on never-before-seen video recently declassified by the norwegian military. it shows russia's newest fighter jet the su-34 which can travel more than 2500 miles carrying a payload of eight tons of precision enjoyed weapons. events like this happen more than 100 times in 2014. three times more than in 2014. -- 2013. >> essentiallily what it is is the cat and mouse game, where each side proposes the defenses of the other to see how they'll react. >> that game is putting more pressure on nato outposts like this outpost in boudah. to be eyes and ears in the sky when it comes to russia. norway runs that operation from its

don't forget the korean war and certainly vietnam war the vietnam war was a proxy war against china andif we had good relations with china we would have had no need to fight a proxy war against china. let's face it that's why this is an important subject because there was no greater disaster in american history than the vietnam war. >> first of all i'm delighted that you cleared up the misconceptions. i was born and raised in shanghai so i'm coming now using -- do you speak shanghai dialect? >> no. >> okay. the other thing i wish to point out when you talk about the glowing reports which is john davis and all these people. when the pla people's liberation army went to shanghai on may 25 1949 a few foreigners were there including my family and the chinese because of all the propaganda they heard over the years that they were very kind to the peasants and never stealing anything. so this carried on. they found out six months it was a different story when they took over the establishment. so thank you very much. >> thank you for that. i only wish i had known you while i was still doing thi

argue that the war had been a failure in the democratic platform, war democrats. these conservative southern unionists often took direct aim at andy johnson. for example, the pro-mcclellan "louisville daily democrat" called johnson the most scrupulous, malignant and contemptible of all lincoln's underlings. for southern unionists, no less for confederates, the specter of electoral fraud and intimidation loomed large. in tennessee, mcclellan democrats protested andrew johnson's requirement that all voters take a test oath in which they reject an armistice with the confederacy. such an oath, the democrats complained, effectively required that voters repudiate the democratic platform and thus rigged the election in lincoln's favor. in the end, tennessee's votes did not count or matter in lincoln's victory, but this issue of fraud had potent symbolic value as a campaign tool. in kentucky, for example, the governor, again pro-mcclellan with be accused federal authorities of using violence and intimidation to suppress the mcclellan vote, but he overlooked countervailing

before we completed our training, the war ended. we remained stateside during the war. i was discharged in 1945. that is my career with the military. >> thank you. [applause] gentlemen, i have another question for each of you. i would like to ask you, what is your most vivid memory of serving in the military? i would like to start with mr. pride. go to pride, please. sir, your most vivid memory. >> my most vivid memory was during gunnery school. at central field, florida. we started off with shotguns shooting skeet. during the training, we ended up shooting skeet out of the back end. on one particular day, i made 50 out of 50. i went back to the squadron. they said, you have the day off from gunnery school because you did so well. you have kp tomorrow. [laughter] [applause] gunnery was something i enjoyed. that was one of the schools i finished. the other was radio operator maintenance guy. i flew 1600 hrs during world war ii. thank you. >> thank you, sir. [applause] mr. fauntroy, your poignant memory. >> solo. after training me, they asked me to pull up into the field.

it's not just a foreign war, it's a civil war. have a hybrid war happening for the first time in nigeria without the president actually defining it as such. >> what are the stated goals of boko haram? >> they have actually moved to isis-style attacks where they actually want to claim occupancy. they're trying to convert the northeastern nigeria into an islamic state. >> it's a movement without violence. >> they believe the region should become a counterfeit region in which the education is not western. they reject all western values and they believe in their god and their movement. like i said, they're taking an isis style approach. this is very significant. and the president needs to actually come out, define it and say something. because if he cannot define this now when we're actually just dealing with terrorism on the ground, who knows? >> presidential election coming up there in february. what happens? >> well, in february you have president goodluck jonathan who is with the pdp party and you have an ex-military official, boh

we could go through a quick chronology of this war, a war that i voted for and i came to very deeply regret that vote. i recall talking to my wife in the fall of 2002 and telling her that while i was conflicted about whether to authorize war, i intended to vote yes on the war resolution because i felt it was necessary to disarm saddam hussein of weapons of mass destruction. and she said to me, you can't do that. and i said well, hopny i believe -- honey, i believe, you know, i have to. i've been briefed by the white house, i've been briefed by the military. it seems clear that hussein has these weapons of mass destruction. and she said well you just can't trust george bush. and i said well if he's making all this up if george bush is lying about the weapons of mass destruction, it will ruin him. and it turns out we were both right. so you recall the chronology, i think, in the summer of '02. in august vice president cheney made a speech to the vfw saying there was no doubt, a phrase he used over and over that hussein had weapons of mass destruction, was prepared to use them against f

shipping, war munitions, war horses.lians tend to be more collateral damage. would you also use terrorism to describe the sabotage programs of the british soe or the american sos in world war ii?5q though we ordinarily reserve terrorism for programs that primarily spread terror among civilians? >> you raise an interesting point. i'm using the vocabulary that's used by the cia. the cia in their inhouse journal has referred to this 00:46:46 ? unidentified speaker as the first terrorist attack on america. i think it's too narrow to say that american citizens were not targeted. something like 54 people were just workers in the various munitions factory blew up. black tom, there were three deaths. thee were all civilians. the people killed in the ancillary amtrak attacks on the horses were civilians. this was basically an attack on our homeland. jp morgan, a civilian. i think when people come to our shores and we're not in a state of war and try to do damage to american lives, that's m terrorism. and that's how i would define

he is not only trying to fight a war, but it is not like we were unified during the civil war.he said, i would like to have god on my side, but i must have kentucky on my side. if kentucky becomes part of the confederacy, it is the second largest state in the confederacy. you have lost all those troops. they go over to the confederacy. yes, ma'am. >> there are a couple things here. people judge lincoln by the standards of 2014, and in the 1860's, he was very forward thinking. if you think of eleanor roosevelt, she was a pioneer in her day. some people say she did not go far enough. she resigned and facilitated a concert at the lincoln memorial, but those may have said she should have been there. frederick douglass who agitated to get blacks in uniform. but he had to be the one to sign off on it. one could not happen without the other. >> that is a great point -- i agree with you completely. another example of this is, you will hear the 1858 charleston boat, but you will never hear lincoln on the last speech of his life saying he wants blacks to get the right to vote. in 19th-ce

-led war against it. now in its seventh month. 2014 was the year when old wounds and old wars in the middle east many americans hoped were over returned to center stage. syria imploded allowing isis to explode on to the scene. iraq well, the u.s. is now back at war there with around 3,000 troops on an increaseingly dangerous training mission. >> the iraqi army came apart 25% of it ran off and left their equipment. but it's hard to imagine a modest training mission being the key to gluing iraq back together. i think it's come apart and it will not have to settle along new geo-political grounds. >> reporter: the war in afghanistan won't go away either. last month, the president in a very understand stated ceremony announced the end of the combat mission there after 13 years. america's longest war ended with the faintest of wimpers. >> we have been in continuous war now for almost 13 years -- over 13 years. next week, we will be ending our combat mission in afghanistan. >> reporter: the war isn't really endi