the cold war and a thermonuclear war.tle more rocky, and churchill was disappointed that the americans would not back him up, and so the great summit between american, soviet, and british leaders never took place. again, we do not know what the result would have been. one more over here, or however we want to do this. over here. >> in your research -- >> [indiscernible] one question. >> right. right. in your research, did you find out what was the guiding principle behind the league of nations to divide the ottoman empire? john maurer: yes, ending we have the first world war as ending november 11, 1918, the western front, but the reality is the first world war continued in many ways in eastern europe and also the middle east, and you only have a settlement in the middle east coming in 1922 and 1923, so there is a great deal of violence still in eastern europe and in the middle east, and churchill played a big role in trying to fashion a settlement in the middle east as colonial secretary. modern-day iraq is, in part, a cr

well, the great war, the great war of 1914-18, the first great war. churchill was the civilian and head of the royal navy. our equivalent is the secretary of the navy. he took up that position in 1911. he was 40 years old. november 30, 1914, he turned 40 years old. this is a painting of him in his late 30's. this is a young man with considerable responsibility for the security of the british empire to ensure the royal navy is strong and able to defeat -- to defend britain from invasion, to keep open the sea lines. he was a very successful first lord of the almond -- admiralty in the first world war. in 1914 when the first world war broke out, churchill understood the danger the british fleet was seeing. the germans might launch a surprise attack, much like the japanese launched a surprise attack against the americans at the outbreak of the second world war. during the july crisis, he was insistent that the fleet be capped mobilized and deployed to a war station -- be kept mobilized and deployed to a war station so the germans could not find it. here i

world war ii veteran mr. james.resenting the country of kazakhstan, its deputy chief of mission. accompanying him is world war ii veteran and chairman of the oss society, commander hugh montgomery. [applause] >> representing the country of the kurdish republic, it's minister. and world war ii veteran mr. robert zimmerman. [applause] >> representing the country of luxembourg, his excellency. and world war ii veteran mr. sammy thompkins. [applause] >> representing the country of malta is deputy chief of mission and holocaust survivor mr. manny mindel. [applause] >> representing the republic of moldova, his excellency, and world war ii veteran and tuskegee airmen, colonel charles mcgee. [applause] >> representing the country of the netherlands, as deputy chief of mission and holocaust survivor, miss luis israel who is originally from the netherlands. [applause] >> representing the country of new zealand is defense attache and world war ii veteran mr. harry miller. [applause] >> representing norway, major general finn c

-mexico war, condemning the war. lincoln's first political stance on the national stage is against the u.s.-mexico war. that is one person i talk about. another personal talk about is john harding. he was part of an important family in jacksonville. for a time, he was the leading whig politician in illinois, not abraham lincoln. some people have argued he makes lincoln's half forward and wrote the presidency policy the less possible because he was under the shadow of harding until that happened. his family is deeply affected by the u.s.-mexico war. let me tell you a little bit about the war. i am assuming like most people, you probably don't know much about it. the north american invasion as it was known in mexico began with president -- when president james polk sent troops into a disputed area with the intention of starting a war. polk wanted war. he was set on declaring war if the mexican army did not rise to debate. he found the mexican army had crossed the river and killed 14 sold to -- soldiers. polk went to hi

stanley tompkins, world war ii veteran.deputy keef of mission dr. patricia borg and holocaust survivor, mr. manny man dell. [ applause ] representing the republic of maldova is his excellency igor montague and world war ii veteran and tuskegee airman, colonel charles mcgee. representing the country of the netherlands is deputy chief of mission miss jo anne balfour and ms. louise holocaust survivor, who is originally from the netherlands. representing the country of new zealand, defense attache, and world war ii veteran, mr. perry miller. representing the country of norway is major general fin christian homstod and mr. jake jarvis taylor. representing the country of poland is defense, military, naval and air attache, brigadier general yaraslav and miss selena peabody, holocaust survivor from poland. representing the country of russia is mr. max, acting military attache. accompanying him is world war ii veteran mr. dale butinsky. representing the country of slovakia is deputy chief of mission peter -- and the women of air for

world war i, the great war. and so the great war sucks up a lot of oxygen. the number of civil war veterans in general is declining in numbers. they are still around, so i think there is a little of that, too, but here is the rest of the story. lincoln day celebrations, to this very day, lincoln day celebrations still can be found on the internet by local black communities. ok? they still exist. and along these lines, lincoln day celebrations, to show you how important this is, the negro national anthem is written by james weldon johnson and his brother at the turn of the 20th century, and that was a lincoln day celebration song. it was created, it was written for the purpose of the lincoln day celebration. so lincoln day celebrations remain even when negro history week, so long. there is a rough way of thinking about it. as long as there were people who self identified as negro, the civil war is a big deal. the civil war was always a big deal to negroes. to black people, not so much. so what we are talking abou

unusual war against stateless enemy this war against radical islamic extremism.hat said, the threat is, i think, more real than jim contends in his book. the threat of the islamic state in particular, so al qaeda 1.0 was bin laden's organization, headquartered in initially afghanistan, the attack of september 11th. and later in pakistan, and it attacked the united states in an attempt to create -- to get the united states to overreact and embroil the united states in a long war against radical islamic extremism. ultimately leading the united states to disengage from the world, stop supporting what al qaeda saw as oppressive puppets across the islamic world. alieed with the united states, probably most notably egypt mubarak's egypt and other countries in the lahm islamic world as well. he almost succeeded. so the attacks in response to the attacks of september 11th the bush administration correctly turned to afghanistan asked them to hand over those upon for those nefarious acts. the afghan government refused to do so and the united states had no choice but to att

the north won the war with the help of 200,000 african-american men. they won the war. so they won the right to dictate what direction the nation would follow. there would be no slavery. and negro americans would become citizens. that was a radical decision that had not been made before. the decision had been made to exclude indians. they would not be citizens, they were to be put in reservations given some of the land. and here is the most radical decision that would complicate reconstruction. they're going to make negros citizens. this is a decision that was made by northerners. number 2 -- number three, native americans would remain 70 sovereign -- semi sovereign with their only and. it would take time to finalize that decision but but a decision had to be made. and number four, mexican americans and their vast lands would remain as spoils of war. the war had only been a few years ago 1848, the mexican-american or. and decisions had to be made and those decisions were made towards the reconstruction time including in the 1870's and 1880's. number five, american democ

the german war is therefore over.er years of intense preparations the beginning of september, 1939. in pursuance of our guarantee to poland and an agreement with the french republic, great britain the british empire, and the commonwealth of nations declared war upon this foul aggression. after france had been struck down, we from this island and from our united empire maintain the struggle single-handed for a whole year until we were joined by the military might of soviet russia and later by the overwhelming power and resources of the united states of america. we may allow a brief rejoicing but let's not forget for a moment the toil and efforts that lie ahead. we must now devote our strength and resources to the completion of our task, at home and abroad. advance brittania, long live the cause of freedom. god save the king. >> almighty god, we this each the that we honor to the memory of those who have died in the service to their country may be so inspired by the spirit of their love and fortitude that forgetting all

endless war is correct. it will be a 100 year war. it's a multigenerational war that we are fighting and it's extraordinarily fortunate that it has had so little impact on the vast majority of the population. this is the first war in history found by all volunteers and i applaud that and i can't say enough good things about this generation of america's sons and daughters who i believe compared favorably with the so-called greatest generation who gave him the great depression and defeated tierney on three continents. the greatest generation, two thirds of them were draftees. this generation they are all volunteers. these young men and women volunteered to join the military in a time of war which is something i did and to do when i went to west point and i think it speaks remarkably well that they've chosen to do so and it speaks remarkably poorly of the rest of this country that we haven't made a comparable sacrifices and we haven't shared the pain of the war and so i applaud that it's fought entirely by volunteers and i'm appalled tha

the first world war and the period between the second world war. we can get a handle on. but construction has many threads. for many reasons. it is difficult and very important to understand who we are and how we got to where we are in this point in our history. it is a great pleasure to know that professor ross is going to give us the first of four lectures on the reconstruction the supreme court and the civil war. please welcome professor ross. [applause] prof. ross: thank you, justice kennedy, for that kind introduction. it was justice kennedy who asked that miller's portrait be brought out here. i guess because i'm the leading miller scholar, which is always worked well for me. my wife fell in love with me because i was the leading miller scholar. [laughter] thank you to the supreme court historical society for inviting me and jennifer lowe whose organization and intellectual efforts make this series work. i want to offer my sympathies to the family of leon silverman a person who gave so much time and energy to the supreme court historical society. i would like to ope

. >> next line the national world war i museum germany's violation of rules of war during world war i. several asked by several asked by germany including the dispersal of poison gas against french and canadian soldiers the submarine attack on the lusitania in the aerial bombardment of london all abolished prior agreements made at the hague conventions and would designed to some terror amongst populations. >> good evening. i served as the pres. and ceo at the national one museum and memorial and are delighted to welcome you to what will be an energizing conversation this evening. we we are especially thankful to welcome to the museum memorial. we're glad your here. we hope that you take time to come back and spend time in the gallery and spent time with the memorial. whilst the museum was designated by congress as the national museum of world war i the memorial was only given that honor in december of last year. so we are delighted to carry the distinguished honor of being both the united states national museum and mario that carries with it no federal funding but all the prestige tha

primary war. it was illegal because it was not self-defense. article 51 of the u.n. charter is very specific about what self-defense is and what is not. and a country has the absolute right of defense until the critical word "until" until the security council can meet and decide what to don that particular crisis. what the security council, if you remember, and those of you who don't remember i don't want to hear from you. the security council met within 24 hours of the attack on the trade center. the building was still smorleding. diplomats had lost friends. it was a terrible event for those in new york and washington as well. they would have on that day passed anything the u.s. proposed. but the u.s. did not propose an endorsement of the use of force. it was a very specific decision not to do that, not because it wouldn't have passed. it would have passed unanimously and with great ferver as the resolution did. it call for a varietyy of things having to do with tracing the money and several othe

war, a global war in which at the darkest hour, hour active enemies threatened to join forces in theiddle east thus isolating china and russia. had that effort been successful the combined strength could have been directed at the destruction of the three nations of the world one by one. we had to consider the possibility that after the conquest of asia africa and europe, germany might engulf the british isles and might then join with japan as -- in attacks on our coastal cities and industries. by that time, we would have been fighting alone. the outlook was serious. therefore, our strategy was first, to prevent at all costs the junction of germany and japan, and second, to crush them one at a time. we had to destroy the nasties first -- destroy the first. it was necessary to choose the shorter supply route to european theaters in preference to the longer sea lanes of the pacific. furthermore, to have undertaken an early offensive against japan would have required large naval forces. the attack on pearl harbor had so damaged our fleet as to render us unable to do that offensive. we si

lincoln was ven rated on his war trime leadership. and this was especially true during the two world wars, in great britain and dividend lloyd george and churchill tried to learn from lincoln about how to act as a statesman during wartime. so the specific bonds that lincoln has taken and the three statues that i mentioned provide some great examples of that. and the first one was in edinburgh. the widow of a man who was scottish but fell to the union in the civil war visited the u.s. consular and her husband died and looking for helping in securing a pension for his union war service. the consul were taken by this woman's story and disturbed upon hearing that the man had been buried in an unmarked grave. so they decided that they wanted to build some monument and then it expanded out to include scottish-american soldiers in general who fought for the union during the civil war. he took it on as a personal project the next time he returned to the u.s. as a visit he continued to raise money. he decided, i think it was his decision but i

he is professor of civil war studies and director of the civil war studies at virginia tech university. a native of england, he holds degrees from lancaster university and university of north carolina at chapel hill. he lectured in american history at the university of he hadin borough. his first book was published in 2011 and won both british and american historical awards. he is currently working on a book on preston brooks, whose beating on the floor of the senate. professor quigley has distinguished himself among historians who are bringing new perspectives to the study of the american civil war. his contribution is to highlight the international dimensions of the war and today he will talk about the impact of abraham lincoln particularly on great britain. paul. [applause] paul: thank you very much. and thank the audience for coming out today for the program. one solution to the missing speakers would have been to ask the remaining speakers to speak for twice as long, but i think we'll all be happier with shorter talk and free afternoon. it is nice to be with you this morning in th

the civil war is still not quite seen that the civil war is not quite seen that way. black leadership was pivotal in bringing about emancipation in the midst of the war. the civil war is a great and pivotal story of african-american history. it can't quite get the same traction as the more recent civil rights movement gets because that is a much more recent memory. host: our c-span cameras have been covering a number of events . we did not cover that event last night. it is perhaps something you will be able to look for on the appomattox website. they may have some photos if not video of last night's program. live coverage on american history tv, as we see soldiers beginning to walk by on the richmond-lynchburg road. what was the long-term physical and mental and societal a fact of the injuries, mental and physical, by soldiers? what was the impact will be on the civil war? david: the impact on soldiers was absolutely profound and on a scale of almost no other war we experienced. there were hundreds of thousands of civil war veterans on both sides. thousands came out

the war of 1812 will be the most unpopular war and the most divisive war in american history. one other war will divide the country more than this, and that is of course the civil war. less than 51% of congress will vote in favor of a war. we declare war against the greatest empire in the world. and the government is split right down the middle. the american people are split right down the middle. now 6000 men, 900 ships. everybody agrees that is not cool, but people voting against the war are saying, the british are only doing this to us because they're fighting this war against france. there have got to do what they need to do to win. what would the world look like if france wins versus great britain wins? that is why they're voting against the war. let this war in europe take care of itself, then they will stop seizing men and ships. oh by the way those of you who , are declaring war, what are you going to fight it with? we only have about 12 ships and our navy, 12,000 men in our about 10,000 men in our army. 250,000 armed medicines -- veterans and a global empire. on paper

and he had lived through 30 years of war about 30 years of war. we got to talk about the american invasion. at one point i asked him, why do you think the invaded your country? and he knew about 9/11. but for him 9/11 was a far away occurrence the way a famine africa is for us. he looked at me and he said, the u.s. invaded our country because they hate our way of life. there was phrase for me. but i didn't necessarily agree with him. but he put it in this way which was talked about back in 2001 it was a watershed moment for me because it spurred me to investigate how afghans really view the war on terror and the american war particularly afghans who were living in the south. so not living in those areas that were peaceful but living in the areas that there's constant fighting until this day. here's what i found. after 2001, al-qaeda had fled the country after the u.s. invasion. we know that. al-qaeda went to pakistan. eventually some of them regrouped in iraq. so after the 2001 invasion of afghanistan there were no al-qaeda in iraq -- in afghanist

war history. so we wanted to give them another experience out here where we could bring more of our collection out and bring that collection to appomattox. i have been it with the museum for 15 years. four years as the director. and loved the job totally. it has been absolutely fantastic. and excited about the future that is going to happen with the museum as a continues to grow and expand and improve our collection. hope you will stop by and see us. please do. >> you can watch you t

war history.o we wanted to give them another experience out here where we could bring more of our collection out and bring that collection that specifically relates here to appotomax. i've been with the museum 15 years. four years here as the director of the museum. i have loved the job totally. it's been absolutely fantastic. and i'm excited about the future that's going to happen with the museum as it continues to grow and expands and improve our collection. we hope you will stop by and see us. please do. >> you can watch this or other american artifacts programs at any time by visiting our website, cspan.org/history. cspan's road to the white house coverage continues with hillary clinton's first campaign stop in south carolina. she'll give the keynote address at an event held by the state's house democratic women's caucus

in the so-called war on terror. a war that president obama himself has said like all wars must end. recent developments have prompted renewed attention on the scope of the president's war powers and the role of congress in authorizing the use of military force. those events include the drawdown of u.s. forces in afghanistan, which provided the indisputable arms on the ground and the rise of new groups like isil that threaten regional stability. this past february president obama submitted his administration's proposal for a new force authorization, targeted at isil. as we'll discuss more tonight, he proposed it was notable both for what it includes, limited ground operations and a three-year provision as for what it does not include, no corresponding of the land standing 2001. in many ways the united states is at a cross roads on congressional war powers and congressional authorization and actions in the coming months will shape the course of future sbons response to these issues for many years to come. tonight we'll explore many of the questions including the authority of the pot p

i, world war ii, the cold war. what europe would look like at that point is difficult to imagine, but whatever you imagine, it will not be pretty. so the consequences that flow from that one initial question are enormous. announcer: enormous for us even today, and enough to make the blood run cold when you think about them hard enough. >> professor, there was one notable omission in your excellent talk. that was the role of abolition john brown, the religious movement out of new england prior to the war. i must ask, how did the abolition movement percolate through the war? i know that they raised the colored regiments, and worked hard in the war effort. but how did abolition percolate the war as a religious movement? prof. guelzo: the reason i didn't delve deeply is because of him. he told me, 20 to 30 minutes. [laughter] how do you like that for shifting blame. announcer: let me take the 15 or 20 minutes -- no, seriously. [laughter] abolition always has to be understood as being a very small minority position. i c

ground war in vietnam. that same day, in alabama, state troopers beat back civil rights protesters in selma trying to walk over the edmund pettus bridge. weeks later, the first teach-in against the vietnam war was held at the university of michigan. by 1968, the u.s. had half a million troops in vietnam. the war continued until april 1975. some scholars estimate as many as 3.8 million vietnamese died during the war, up to 800,000 perished in cambodia, another one million in laos. the u.s. death toll was 58,000. today we spend the hour airing highlights from a recent conference titled "vietnam: the power of protest." it was held at the new york avenue presbyterian church in washington, d.c. speakers included former oakland congressmember ron dellums, who chaired the armed services committee. colorado's pat schroeder, one of the youngest women ever elected to congress. tom hayden, who helped to found sds, students for a democratic society and wayne smith, who served as a combat medic during vietnam. democracy

and the civil war amendments. the civil war, miller explains, was caused on the question of whether slavery would be able to expand to the west, but it became a war over slavery itself as a result of the bitterness and force of the conflict. this is what miller writes. when the armies of freedom found themselves upon the soil of slavery, they could do nothing less but freed the poor victims that had been forced servitude and was the foundation of the coral. and hard-pressed in the contest, these men, and they are men because they prove themselves men and a terrible crisis, offered their services and were accepted by the thousands to aid in suppressing the unlawful rebellion. slavery was in an and wherever the federal government succeeded in that purpose. miller goes on to explain what happens after the war. the passage of the black codes which he says the black codes imposed upon the colored race, owners disabilities and burdens, and curtail their rights in the pursuit of life, liberty, and property to such an ext

i don't wish for war.r peace. >> the day minh went to war, ten other young men from his village enlisted with him. one never returned. nguyen van khoai died fighting in the highlands of central vietnam. khoai was sent to a strategic province, the site of intense clashes between forces. khoai was killed by a mortar shell, a direct hit. he was 20 years old. we visited the home of khoai's family. nguyen ngoc minh is khoai's the photo of khoai is on the family alter, taken three months after his enlistment. it's the only photo minh has of his brother. >> translator: we had minh and his younger brother who lives nearby view our film. >> translator: no, no, it's not him.brother who lives nearby vi our film. >> translator: no, no, it's not him. at first the two men don't recognize the young man in the film, but they play it back again and again. memories of 44 years earlier slowly return. >> translator: i don't think it's him, but there is a resemblance. my brother had this man's full face and dark complexion. >>

that is why the initial draft changed the phrase ke more to declare war -- make war to declare war.cal practice weighs heavily in favor of the congressionalist view. it is only specifically authorize the use of military force a few more times. the us has use military force abroad without congressional authorization and estimated 215 times. but is usually without congressional authorization. these range fromery small actions to large actions like the korean war. historical record shows the main actors who interpret and apply the u.s. constitution are the congress and president don't necessarily embrace the strict congressionalist the. as a functional and practical matter to can inherent to a congressionalist view seems impractical as the world largest military and power and economic power. we have national interest in every corner of the globe and are subject to more diverse stress. the variety of possible military conflict from combating terrorist to shooting pirates to preventing humanitarian catastrophes to confronting other large military powers seems to support the strict congre

churchill's war cabinet warred against in the nazi of course, and but also is members sometimes warred against each other. this has been mentioned by historians but it has been generally downplayed, and i try in the book to present a more nuanced. a more complex portrait of the war cab -- cabinet than is common hi authored. if shake the kaleidoscope to show familiar pieces in unfamiliar patterns and that's what i intend to try to do tonight in the time remaining to me. i take it as given that everybody here is familiar with and accepts the common assessment winston churchill's war cabinet saved britain hoped to save the world from nazi horror. i agree. i would never minimize the greatness of winston churchill or his war-time coalition government. we all owe it an unpayable debt. but life is not black and white. life is not simple. churchill's war cab necessary was not simply a smooth, functioning machine. its members including the prime minister were high-powered, ambitious, hard men. they had great talent and great capacity for work and also had great egos. they worked together to sav

the publisher wanted a civil war book. never intended to write a civil war book. my relatives were on the losing side and they didn't fight and lost. 600,000 dead americans fighting each other, but they really did want to book so i started puzzling around about what it would need. whatever it would be i would love the letters because women's letters are fabulous. they are so much better. they really are. the men knew they were doing temp in extraordinary. and so they wrote with that in mind for their admitted and often pompous and focused and all that. the women just wrote letters. they were full of politics but they also talk about the economic situation who was having an all too often losing babies in fashion, all of it. all of life is in the letters. they are funny and frank and feisty and honest in ways you don't find with the men. most of them have never been published before. so i am always on this quest to see i don't know what i'm getting so i read along and see what i can learn. my personal favorite remains one from ladies of liberty in a letter written b

inbound right now are two p-40 war hawks. a 1937 design that at the time of pearl harbor was our number one fighter in the pacific. directly to our left the two p-40 war hawks with allison b-12 engines in them, liquid cooled. in april of 1942, after a series of stinging setbacks in the pacific, lieutenant colonel jimmy doolittle led 16 b-25 mitchell bombers off the uss hornet on a bombing raid to tokyo and four other cities. the raid was american improvisation at its finest. the b-25 wasn't designed to fly from an aircraft carrier and american strike on the heartland of japan so soon after the attack on pearl harbor provided americans with a much needed boost in morale. although the raid resulted in minor damage to its targets, it had a profound impact on japanese strategy. causing military leaders to be more concerned about attacks on japan than they otherwise would be. the two surviving doolittle raider raiders commemorated the 73rd anniversary of the raid just last month. ladies and gentlemen, three b-25 mitchell bombers,

the war wasn't just their war. it was my war too, she said. there was recruitment for women on the home front. at floyd bennett field, it was a naval station in new york, so we had the wave, but they had to be trained, and there were a number of races, a number of training centers in the united states. one was in the bronx at hunter college. this is just an example of when they arrived. they had an oath of enlistment. this is the first day in the mess hall, and you will see where they are just arriving talking about their arrival. remember something -- these women, a lot of them had never left home before. you had people from iowa california, and all over the country going to these various areas including new york, but if you were from a farm in iowa or north dakota, you are arriving in new york city, which is a huge city, even then. they had to be trained, and they were trained just like the men. this is an example of the barracks. notice the beautiful pajamas. it was at hunter in the bronx. they would do their marching just like the men. the

of war crimes. let's start with chemical warfare. united states dropped 20 million gallons of agent orange covering some 20 million acres in vietnam alone. not including laos and cambodia. agent orange contains dioxins. it is one of the most deadly chemicals known to humans. the purpose of the use of agent orange was to defoliate trees so that the guerrillas could be seen beneath the trees. of course, when you defoliate trees and you destroy trees, you destroy the whole ecosystem the choice. you destroy the animals, birds insects, whatever keeps life going. the purpose of the use of agent orange, chemical warfare, was to destroy crops. we wanted to destroy food crops. you might say, what is this about? we were trying to win, as the saying goes, hearts and minds. why would we want to starve vietnamese people? that's a question i'm not prepared to answer, but it does raise some very serious questions about the counterproductive miss -- counterproductiveness of the methods we use. part of the other rea

war is correct. this will be a hundred year war multigenerational war we're fighting. we're extraordinarily fortunate it has had so little impact on the vast majority of the american population. it's been fought -- this is the first war in american history fought by all volunteers. and i applaud that fact and i can't say enough good things about this generation of america's sons and daughters who i believe compare favorably with the so-called greatest generation who came of age in the great depression and defeated tyranny on three continents but the greatest generation, two-thirds of them were draftees. this generation, this greatest generation are all volunteers. and these young men and women naval academy midshipman, volunteered to join the military in a time of war. which is something i did not do when i went to west point in 1984. i think it speaks remarkably well of them they have chose thon do. so speaks remarkly poorly of the rest of the country that we have not made comparable sacrifices nort

jamie: the writing is unbelieve an. >> this book in two seconds war of 1812, and the mexican war. jamie: in 1886 his great grandfather, leads a virginia about whabattalion in the mexicn war. >> the war is little known among americans, it is most important war fought between two neighbors in the western hemisphere, in 1845, texas is annexed by united states but the boundary claim is now an american problem. jamie: an opportunity for president james polk. a slave, holding tennessee dem grat who believeed that god ordained u.s. to expand across cony it confident. continent. they condemn this. a freshman congressman from illinois included. >> abraham lincoln is an opponent to the war, he gives a series of speeches. >> the war, first in history documented with photographs, breaks out in april 1846. mexico sunder sund surrounders . >> u.s., acquires not just american southwest but also california. jamie: where slavery will be allowed is unsolved. >> debate over whether they will be slave or free is going to be so contention, and divisive that is going to lead to the civil war in 1861. j

we prevent the war by preparing for the war. right now the vietnamese people outside vietnam try to fight with the communists now. they want to get their freedom of speech, freedom of religion and everything else for the vietnamese people. we don't want to fight to them but we want to go with them to fight any means so we can get the freedom for our people in vietnam and everybody in the world as well. thank you. >> rex with us, you won't find the pilot. it happens so often. sometime in the morning we sit together drinking coffee talking, but i heard that he got shot down and never got that. this is your friend, the morning. and in the afternoon you heard that he got shot down? just terrible. so, that is the world. no one when the war -- no one won the war, but with us the south vietnamese, we had to do it. we had to stand against the communists. because they invaded us. we had to fight against the communist aggression. but on properly, we left the world. >> i would like to share with you some of my experience. i had the privile

the war to end all wars. but it was the weather started -- the war that started all wars.e go around and talk just a a little bit, if each of us could write a book on this what was the impact of the war back? what is going on in the middle east now. >> i think the war, it was a cataclysmic event with the skill of losses that dwarfed anything that had preceded. you go back to ancient times have. that lasted that long. that war changed the world and has affected everything that has occurred since. we were talking about the middle east. wilson pushed for open trees and -- treaties and the sikes-piko agreement between britain and france, secret agreement that arbitrarily set the boundaries of nations in the middle east that didn't match with the tribal or ethnic boundaries were, left left the courage of the cold, created a rack in -- created iraq and syria. and basically you can trace the mess we have in the middle east back to sex picot and those -- sikes picot and those agreements that were made as a result of world war i. it will be for the benefit of all mankind. >> it was

we prevent a war by prepare for the war. right now, of the vietnamese people overseas outside vietnam, they try to fight with the communist government right now. to get the freedom of speech. freedom of religion. and everything else for vietnamese people. we don't want to fight them but we want to struggle with them to find any means so we can get the freedom for our people in vietnam, and everybody in the world as well. thank you. >> with us we will fight as happens so very often. sometimes in the morning we sit together. we have breakfast, drink coffee, we talking. but by noon, i heard he got shot down. got shot down and never came back. you see your friend in the morning, and noon, or afternoon, you heard he got shot down. it's terrible. that is the war. with us, the south vietnamese, we have to do it. we have to stand against the communists because they invaded us. we have to fight against the communist aggression. unfortunately, we lost the war. >> i would like to share with you some of my experience when i work worked.

go to war. to think that you go to war without any knowledge of a country, or what is that drives these people, is very full hearty, and we could end up losing other woars as well if we do not use our brains here. host: another passage from the book. in afghanistan, are we still at that point? guest: this president has tried to get out of afghanistan. what he has found is that you can desire from a political view in the united states that is the best course for the united states to get out of there, but, you get out, and you leave behind an enemy -- the taliban -- which is still there, still seeking somehow or another to overthrow the existing government to set up its own form of an islamic state. you know, i think about this, and i feel sorry for the president. these issues are monumental, and complicated. there is no easy thing. if the president of the united states today word to say to the american people -- get on camera, and say ims sending 250,000 american troops to afghanistan because we

what happened to them during the war and what happened after the war.people is elizabeth van lew. she lived in richmond and she was a union spy. she was very wealthy. but she wanted to help union soldiers. she was down at libby prison passing messages back and forth. after the war, she was appointed postmistress of richmond by president grant. after she passed away, her home was torn down by the people of richmond. they did not have the same opinion of her as president grant did. this is an image of judah benjamin, the first jewish cabinet officer in the u.s. he served as secretary of war and secretary of state for the confederate states of america. another image is related to some of the people that live here in appomattox today. this is nancy martin. she was born a slave, about two or three years old when lee surrendered. she became free. she grew up to be a midwife. she was a very good midwife. if you were expecting a child, you called nancy martin, regardless of whether you were african-american or white. according to reverend jones, who gave us thi

war, frank and jesse james are already fighting in a war that's equal parts personal and political.e james brothers grow up in civil war missouri, a state divided on the issue of slavery. their mother is a fanatical supporter of confederacy and she goes on to define them as adults. >> there's yankee scum around every corner. just lock them right in the eye. >> she was very influential in jesse's development. he ends up being rewarded for violence and for all of these things that go hand in hand with war. >> with these guns, you're going to teach them brutality. >> the james brothers mount up with the bushwhackers, a unit led by bloody bill anderson. a man whose rage matches their own and a blood lust within his men. in the fall of 1864, union troops are gaining ground in western missouri. but anderson's forces fight back through murder and acts of terror. >> here you have a 16-year-old, jesse, with this guerrilla gang who are engaging in the most atrocious activities killing behind the enemy lines. >> their main targets are the railroads, the life blood of the union advance. on sept

entered the war. having learned in school the horrors of trench warfare in what was then known as the great war, world war i, he resolved to do his service above ground and enlisted in the army air corps. trained as a navigator, he was assigned to the eighth air force 95th bomb group. , as it turned out, he had chosen the most perilous service of world war ii. the rough equivalent of serving as an infantryman in a world war i trench. the eminent historian of world war ii, rick atkinson, has written of the very period henry was flying. “the losses were dreadful. only one in four air force bomber crews could expect to complete the minimum quota of 25 missions.” henry bloch completed 31 missions, including a raid on berlin for which the 95th was awarded a third presidential unit citation, making it the only unit of the air force to win three during the war. restored to civilian life, mr. bloch joined with his brother richard to build one of kansas city's great entrepreneurial triumphs, h&r block. with hi

a few years after the vietnam war ended, china and vietnam fought another war. i was there at the time. it was a brief for that vietnam one. i want to say something about the irony of this. the united states was so worried about china, and our desire to fight vietnam, it is important to remember that after president nixon went to china in 1972, all of a sudden, whatever china wanted, china got. we were now playing a different global politics. we were playing china against russia. let's remember when pol pot was to be seated in the u.n., china wanted us to vote for the seating of that genocidal dictator. guess what? we voted for that. a shocking and shameful thing. that was our fear about china. we were worried about china in the end, we were there yo-yo at the end of a string. an irony worth pointing out. it was an arrogant belief, not only ignorance, but arrogance motivated our actions. it was an arrogant belief that the united states could not lose. the french lost. but that is france. nothing to do with us. we were and are invincible. we also have arrogance t

i will show you how one of the war cabinet ministers came to the conclusion that he could run the war and the war better than winston churchill could and i will show you how churchill's off the threat posed by this man man. so the men of the war cabinet sat around a table every monday afternoon at 5 30:00, every wednesday and thursday at noon tempting to hammer out policy on the most pressing domestic foreign and imperial issues raised by the war. during periods of crisis, they met more than three times a week week, sometimes even three times a day. at first, the war cabinet met in the cabinet ram at 10 downing street. during the blitz and the b-1 and b-2 attacks they usually met in a suite of underground rooms in the basement of the new government offices at the corner of horse guards road and king charles street just across from saint james park. today that site is a museum called the war cabinet rooms. i suspect some of the world have visited the place and for those who have and i strongly recommend it. it's a wonderful museum and it's well worth the trip. anyway the war cabinet sa

the war to an wars? well, i would have to talk a lot time to discuss wilson's hopes for a non-addicting -- a non-vindictive peace. mr. striner: he wanted to use his leverage to recommit these companies -- countries to a peace, but he blew it, in my opinion. the war, in the view of some, laid low these autocratic regimes, brought down the regimes, the habsburgs, the romanoff. they felt that it would usher in an era of new democracy, well no, i am afraid not. it did not lead directly to nazi germany, no, but in 1919, there was the myanmar republic, it was so weak, suffering so many economic troubles in the 1920's, and things, especially after the onset of the great depression, with the germans needing u.s. tank loans to fund their preparation payments and after the chain reaction from wall street spread to our banking sector and a lot of the loans got gang to and a was skyrocketing unemployment in germany from 1930-1933, hitler was relentless. it led to modern totalitarianism. and of course, that second hi