how many, world war i plus world war ii. in >> world war ii. >> korean war. there was an internment from vietnam war but that soldier was actually identified as michael blassey the air force. at the request of his family he was disinterred and reinterred at arlington sorry money. >> that's important to know. the days of the unknown soldier are behind us because of dna identification. there's no such thing as unknown soldier, is that correct? >> that's correct. with the technology we have, it's a lot easier. one thing to point out about world war i, the first time dog tags issued to everyone, information on a disk about the soldier. the idea they were killed and needed to be buried, one was nailed to the control and the other kept with the soldier. that helped with identification after the war. but the problem was the technology, type of artillery used in some cases made soldiers unidentifiable, even though registration service wen to great lengths to try and figure out the identities. of course in this case they couldn't figure it out. host: look at the numbe

entering the war. he argues that the actions of admiral william sims helps to keep the forces united. his class is just over 50 minutes. out the lesson today by talking about william sims, one of the more neglected figures in military history as per the article i sent you, kind of comes off, you know, a distant second to pers hchling if that and so today this is a sea power class, we'll talk about the significance of sims and, you know, possibly get in to arguments as to who really made the more relevant contribution. that is sims, as you guys know, from being looking at the article. the painting is return of the mayflower. that shows the first group of american destroyers after we had entered the war arriving in ireland to begin operations against the german submarines. so it's sort of the most important figure for us in terms of getting those ships in to place. of course, unlike the other figures that we've discussed, sims isn't going to actually operate operational control. he's going to hand that o

today we think so much more of world war ii than world war i. it's closer to us in time, my own father was in the navy and world war ii. it also about 18 million people died in world war i. about 60 million, 65 million people died in world war ii. but for the contemporaries of world war i, there had never been a cataclysm on the scale that they were enduring. it's hard for us, i think, today to put ourselves back in the minds and passions of people in the early 20th century and realize what a tragedy world war i was to them and how hopeless things seemed in the middle of that war from november of 1917 to november of 1918. so into that, president wilson brought the united states. and not only did american troops lead to a decisive victory for the parties, the allies at the end of the war, but his enunciation, we may remember what his 14 points said, among other things, was that this war could be terminated, could be ended on principal. it didn't have to be a fight to the death. this was an innovation coming from an important leader of an importan

how many, world war i plus world war ii. >> world war ii. >> korean war. there was an internment from vietnam war but that soldier was actually identified as michael blassey the air force. at the request of his family he was disinterred and reinterred at arlington sorry money. >> that's important to know. the days of the unknown soldier are behind us because of dna identification. there's no such thing as unknown soldier, is that correct? >> that's correct. with the technology we have, it's a lot easier. one thing to point out about world war i, the first time dog tags issued to everyone, information on a disk about the soldier. the idea they were killed and needed to be buried, one was nailed to the control and the other kept with the soldier. that helped with identification after the war. but the problem was the technology, type of artillery used in some cases made soldiers unidentifiable, even though registration service wen to great lengths to try and figure out the identities. of course in this case they couldn't figure it out. >> look at the number o

just as, of course, americans would argue, the american civil war did and the war, the war of 1898 did your second question, yes, he's picking up on themes, he's not creating this out of thin air. he's picking up on, you know, destroy this beast. he's picking up on the aristocratic nature. he's picking up on things that are out there and i can talk about more of those. >> my question is why is the traditional explanation, i have never heard your point of view before, very interesting, thank you, that it really all hinged on our entry into the war, really all hinged on unrestricted submarine warfare, and in a factual sense, let's say the british had done worse, is there any sense you have that the united states may not have entered the war, absent that. >> i'm a historian. my standard throw away answer is i only discuss counterfactuals with a scott in front of me at a bar because i like to have evidence in front of me to prove a case. what i can say, at the end of 1916 the dominant american view was, we will support the british and french with everything that we've got but this is still

it was a bad war. world war ii was a bad war. especially normandy. i don't know whether you people remember normandy. we had a company of soldiers, american young soldiers, that were surrounded. instead of having them shot by the germans, the officers surrendered. they marched the soldiers off to a field, and there were trucks, german trucks there, and they machine gunned all of them. this was the winter of '44. and the weather was the worst winter europe had. i was part of the group that went out and happened to see everything. and it was frightening. absolutely frightening. then another place we went to, the germans had confiscated all the artwork, hid it in caves and the mountains, and we found some of the caves and i did see art in crates that they were sending back to germany. we stopped that. then we hit the battle of the bulge. which the germans tried to break the american troops. and get to this gasoline and oil that they needed. but we wouldn't let them. i think the battle of the bulge was the final big battle of world war ii. another first

our topic is americans and world war ii. how should we understand the relationship 2009 world war ii and the modern civil rights? hopefully the reading material gave you lots to think about in terms of this question. recruiting posters aimed at recruiting african-americans had a navy cross and joe louis in his army uniform to send a message that black americans were needed and wanted in the american military. and that their service would be recognized and rewarded and respected. but as you read, the reality of the black experience during the war wasn't that simple. and the posters themselves when we tease them apart a little bit, reflect this gap between promises and reality that characterize the experiences of this generation of black americans. both of these posters visually make it clear that the stakes in this war were high. in the wake of his famous victory over german boxer maximum schnelling in 1938, joe louis became synonymous with being a symbol of opposition to nazi ideas about racial supremacy. 100 million people

we set up the korean war. war, talk about the korean 1950 to 1953. the 38th parallel runs right here. those in the united states, charlottesville virginia is just north of the 38th parallel. this is to give you an idea of how it fits in geographically on a map of the united states. here's the south korean capital of soul. china is here. japan is barely on the map right here. very quickly push the south koreans. in the area here 100 miles long. just six weeks after the war starts. in one of the great defensive stance in the united states hold off all north korean attacks and hold the perimeter. some incredibly desperate fighting. absolutely incredible, incredible stand by the americans. try to figure out what to do. he looks at the map and realizes a lands end supportive in john. -- koreanorth koreans supply line. the problem is they have some of the highest tides in the world. it can only be landed on a couple of days per month. the port back at washington is convinced this is not a good idea. the fact the north koreans are means it was at great idea

this will not be the last war. this will not be the last war but it will be my last war. your job is to prepare yourself for that time. so douglas took his advice and went off to west point. incidentally, mom followed along because with her oldest boy in the u.s. navy, her husband going off to fight in the philippines, she really did not have anywhere else to go. so she took up residence for the next four years in the hotel. people joked that arthur and mary graduated at the same time -- although mary macarthur performed a valuable service. she would often host an off-campus gathering place. it was not all bad. she was very much a cadet friend. west point was greatly formative for douglas macarthur. in 1962, he said that his credo had been duty, honor, and country and west point really influenced him until his last days. in many different ways. obviously through the education. he had one of the most outstanding academic records in the history of west point. first captain in his class. one of the things that really drove home to him was the idea that the way to become a le

and then to be on the ground with no declared war. as with congress to declare war. and for many reasons but one of them which i don't think it is known as well but then is scared of the signal it would send it to the world and why was that? there was another declared war but before either of those was declared but by the time transix is in correa it appears that he and those around him said that signal that will send to china about what kind of conflict this is, is the signal we may not want to send. said they had an incentive to downplay that operation operation, not to associate could do what he wants but as the matter of global policy that is a police action not they just want to do what congress tells me but i don't want the world to see the so think of that is what happens. that is just another way in context that they had failed logic in keeping up with that constitutional system was vietnam's a war? answer that descriptive flee and then as a constitutional scholar. >> there is a book called the vietnam war. and i think if you view it been this in is hard to s

he said he opposed the iraq war but buys into the people who sold us on the iraq war. why do we think he won't take us into another war if he made support of the iraq war itself. how could he even think of naming bolton if he disagrees with the war that bolton sported so passionately. is he really opposed to the iraq war if he supports the people and thinking that it lead our way into the disaster. the reckoning is at hand. to save the popular parts of obamacare he will need to save a good bit of obamacare. for donald trump is reckoning is at hand. that's "hardball" for now. thanks for joining us. join us tomorrow at 7:00 p.m. eastern. see you then. >>> tonight on "all in" -- >> we got these hats at conference today. >> hats on the hill and a trump transition in turmoil. >> we're filled with questions in the trump transition, and that's just very logical. >> tonight, new questions about rudy's business ties, the, quote, stalinesque purge of chris christie allies, why ben carson suddenly bailed and the mounting conflicts for trump's children. plus rachel maddow on the g

we have no desire for war, and we don't want war. it is i myself who have been through a war and not one of us wants to see another war. he was impressed and relieved by hitler's statement, but to his credit, he did state that if britain was attacked, he would come to britain's aid. whether that made any impression on hitler is -- but it certainly made no impact on his future decisions. on september 3rd, 1939 with britain declaring war on germany, king broadcast to the people of canada. this included the forces of evil have been loosed in the world. i appeal to my fellow canadians to unite in a national effort to save from destruction all that makes life worth living. and to preserve for future generations those institutions which others have bequeathed to us. and september the 9th, canada's parliament passed legislation declaring war on germany. it is one thing to be at war and another to be able to wage war. canada in 1939 was totally unprepared. however, deficiencies were quickly remedied. on september the 26th, canada agreed to b

i and world war ii. we went through the aviation hangar to learn about pilot training during the war. this is the first of a two-part series. robert powell: welcome to the virginia beach aviation museum. i am boom powell. i will explain a few things we have. the museum has a complete collection, and it is about 60 airplanes here. we have restorations coming and going and others he maintained as time goes on. i am standing in front of one of the oldest airplanes here at the museum. this is a 1911 wright brothers flyer, the right model b. t is not the same as the kitty hawk airplane. there is an act elevator. the engine is offset. there is a chain drive changing to propellers. the wright brothers were geniuses with coming up with the secret to flight was not be able to be stable and not do anything but to be able to maneuver and have a little bit of an stability in the airplane. they came up with many developments that are now standard. with the pitch of the airplane, the elevator moved up and down. they d

them for world war i. there was a journalist at that time, just a quick side story about winston churchill at that time. as we all know he was an extraordinary writer. and that is crystal clear at this point in his life. even though he was 24 or 25, i read a lot of contemporary accounts of the war, and i can say absolutely he was head and holders above all of them. he was really an extraordinarily precise and insigtful and beautiful writer. with the one exception of a man named george warrington stevens, who died during the scene as he was in lady smith. and it's more like poetry. i could have quoted from him all day long. but he in particular wrote about the fact that even just watching it in real time, you can see the british suffering and confused and it's this chaos they're trying to figure out, how it's possible that they're losing what they consider to be a conial war. the reason is that war is changing. they're trying to figure it out. he said, i think at some point, we're going to learn and get bet

world war i. you get a lot more at identifiable remains. of course, you had a lot in the civil war, but people were struggling with the fact that they could not figure out where many of these were, so they buried an unknown soldier in great britain, westminster abbey, and that in france, it triomphe,the arc de and it was started by representative hamilton fish from new york, who submitted legislation for various unknown soldiers, and i believe they are in france right now, where the unknown soldiers were taken, four different cemeteries. includes san mso iguel. and the psalm? youyockelson: yes, i think are right. i have walked through those streets before, and it is interesting to see how many people turned out, not just the army, as we can see mostly in this scene, but french civilians showing their honor and patriotism towards the americans and really supporting the role the americans played in helping to liberate france during this really difficult time. understanding and appreciation for the r

it is very conventional war. i think era to one and aided syria right at the moment and it's going to be a tragedy in the disaster. >> how did you get started in the research? >> i started in high school. i wanted to work on the rise of national socialism and then i encountered the story of the resistance. the william shire rise and fall of such books. [inaudible] i wanted to write my own history. but i still ask myself the same question they mismanaged the 16th. but they have managed it any better? i still wonder. >> was that at the end of it the german resisted or how was the german resistance discovered and became to an end? >> after the bomb exploded in july 1944, the military leader staged a coup d'État. they gave orders to people throughout germany. so they came into the opening period theater conspirator reached in one case a diary that they were able to find. the diaries usually included i'm a very clumsy. my favorite example through as a conspirator, he was the chief of police, had the village. so i diar

there will be a new and longer war of greater -- the war i will launch against them. i realize that will be my true destiny. currently, a ferocious blockade from the time that our revolution triumphed until the present, a genocidal policy, imperialist policy against our country that hoped to defeat us by creating hunger and disease. my question, commander, is with the u.s. government be capable -- will obama be capable of committing the cruelty of giving orders to launch a nuclear war given the imminent likelihood of the collapse of the empire? and also freeing the five heroes? >> not if we can persuade him. [applause] >> comrade. >> i, and the representative from guantanamo. dear commander-in-chief, pedro castro, -- fidel castro representatives, today we feel , profoundly pleased because our commander's health has improved as he recovers. every day he shares his knowledge and examples to help us develop our social socialist programs and our main triumphs of the cuban political system. commander, receive of the half -- on behalf of the people of cuba and guantanamo ou

army war college. the sole disadvantage of that is that i'm supposed to tell you that everything you're going to hear tonight is the express opinion of me, personally, not the department of defense, the u.s. army, the u.s. army war college, or anybody in my chain of command. so we've got that oust the way. i want to thank you for the invitation to be here. i've had several good friends who presented here in the past and all urged me to come here. it is a great pleasure to be here and talk to all of you here today. this talk is based on a larger project. it's based on a book that jerry mentioned. looking at american responses to the war in europe from when it began in 1914 until u.s. entry in 1917. and this is the subject that i'm afraid we as a community of historians have not treated particularly well. we have either looked at it exclusively from the lens of woodrow wilson in and his close group of advicers or we've taken a couple half truths in the 1930's mixed into the more half truths in the 1960's

the world war ii memorial recognizes those who served in all theaters of the war, honors those who felland recognizes the victory they achieved to restore freedom and end tyranny around the globe. as we begin today's ceremony, i'd like to thank the friends of the world war ii memorial, our partners, and great collaborators in the care for this memorial and co-sponsors of today's ceremony. the national parks service thanks you very much for your partnership and we share in your mission to ensure the legacy of remembering the sacrifices of world war ii veterans. i also want to take this moment to thank the national parks service staff who interpret and care for this magnificent memorial as well as our national parks service volunteers who help educate more than 4 million visitors who visit the memorial each year. to all the members of our armed forces and the veterans who are here with us, thank you so much for your service. we're honored to have you with us today. of course, there's no tribute, no commemoration that can truly honor and fully recognize the m magnitude of your service and

we have no desire for war, and we don't want war. it is i myself who have been through a war and not one of us wants to see another war. he was impressed and relieved by hitler's statement, but to his credit, he did state that if britain was attacked, he would come to britain's aid. whether that made any impression on hitler is -- but it certainly made no impact on his future decisions. on september 3rd, 1939 with britain declaring war on germany, king broadcast to the people of canada. this included the forces of evil have been loosed in the world. i appeal to my fellow canadians to unite in a national effort to save from destruction all that makes life worth living. and to preserve for future generations those institutions which others have bequeathed to us. and september the 9th, canada's parliament passed legislation declaring war on germany. it is one thing to be at war and another to be able to wage war. canada in 1939 was totally unprepared. however, deficiencies were quickly remedied. on september the 26th, canada agreed to b

the year before the americans come to the war. we come to war april 6th, 1917. not even a full year before. if you go back from june to november of 1916, does that fill you with confidence? by all means, let us give you a few hundred thousand american soldiers. so pershing -- and i'm not a big fan of pershing. if we follow his performance, he winds up having to stand out of command himself because he's not achieving results he thought he would. i think it's somewhat founded he doesn't have that much confidence in the military leadership of the allies. so let's flip that over and take a look at sims. we already talked about sims when these destroyers come over and that first slide. is sims uptight or reluctant to hand over these assets to british -- i mean, the ships are commanded by americans. so at the tactical level of war, it's americans. commanding american ships. it's not like we sent ships over there and the british, you know, crewed them out and everything. but bailey is in operational command. bailey's the guy who is more or less directing them from head

there are now, how many, world war i plus world war ii. >> plus -- >> hurt the korean war. and then there was from the vietnam war, but that soldier was actually identified as michael glassy from the u.s. air force. he was reentered at jefferson barricks national cemetery. >> that's important to know for the audience that the days of the unknown soldier are behind us now because of dna identification. there's no really such thing as an unknown soldier. is that correct? >> that's pretty much correct. yeah, you can -- the technology that we have, it's a lot easier. one -- the thing to point out about world war i was the first time that dog tags were issued to everyone and there were two circular disks that included information on the soldier, the ideal was if soldier was to be buried one of the tags was now to temporary -- nailed to the cross. the other was on -- kept the soldier. so that helped with identification after the war. but the problem was the technology, the type of artillery that was used, in some cases, made, you know, soldiers unidentifiable, even though registr

it is a war. they weren't just at war with fa fashism, but at war with jim crow, and violent means to get victory within that war. >> yeah, yeah, and victory literally with in their grasp. jim crow is almost the power to strengthen, i mean to choke out. >> do you think maybe the amount of colors used in this poster, but it does look like the naacp strangling jim crow is a white hand, which is interesting. >> i think that's probably just the shading of this particular poster. that's an interesting observation, but given the message that the naacp was trying to send during the war years, i think it is probably just the shading of this particular image. i think that's probably shading. so as membership in the organization was exploding, naacp lawyers chose this particular moment to step up their attacks on legal foundations, white supremacy. what was going on in the courts in the 1940s, was the naacp winning any big victories in the courts? >> well, certainly not with respect to housing. many of them

world war i, post world war ii? mitchell: world war ii. go ahead, allison. allison: the korean war and there was an interment from the vietnam war but that soldier was actually identified as michael blackaby from the u.s. air force and at the request of his family was disintered and reintered at jefferson barracks national cemetery. host: that is important to note for our audience that the days of the unknown soldier are behind us now because of d.n.a. identification. there is no really such thing as an unknown soldier anymore is that correct? mitchell: that is pretty much correct. with the technology that we have, it's a lot easier. one thing to point out about world war i is the first time that dog tags were issued to everyone and there were two circular disks that included information on the soldier. the idea was if a soldier was killed and had to be buried, one of the tags was nailed to the temporary cross. the other was kept with the soldier so that helped with identification after the war. but the problem was the technology, the type of artillery that

he said he opposed the iraq war but buys into the people who sold us on the iraq war. why do we think he won't take us into another war if he made support of the iraq war itself. how could he even think of naming bolton if he disagrees with the war that bolton sported so passionately. is he really opposed to the iraq war if he supports the people and thinking that it lead our way into the disaster. the reckoning is at hand. to save the popular parts of obamacare he will need to save a good bit of obamacare. for donald trump is reckoning is at hand. that's "hardball" for now. thanks for joining us. join us tomorrow at 7:00 p.m. eastern. see you then. esurance does insurance a smarter way, which saves money. like bundling home and auto coverage, which reduces red tape, which saves money. when they save, you save. that's home and auto insurance for the modern world. esurance, an allstate company. click or call. th...oh, baked-on alfredo?e. ...gotta rinse that. nope. no way. nada. really? dish issues? throw it all in. cascade platinum powers through... your toughest stuck-

against a common enemy.ckmop war against common enemy.okmop war against common enemy.mkmop war against common enemy.mkmop war against a common enemy.okmop war against a common enemy.nkmop war against a common enemy. war against a common enemy. the mexican government that ruled over the american southwest for some 20 years is now very fragile. it really could not control its northern provinces and to do so they had higher bands of scout hunters. many of whom were americans. who roam throughout the southwest, taking apaches as slaves and killing them and selling their scalps to the mexican authorities so the apaches who are a great people for vengeance, had a great score to settle. prs before he died at the beginning of the lat century they asked gironimo if he had any regrets. he said, no, except that i didn't kill more mexicans.giron. he said, no, except that i didn't kill more mexicans. so these were not folks that were forgiving and forgetting. the apaches were resebt newcomers to the american southwest compared to the pueblo people of the rio grande river valley. compared to the pim

this is a page from her war time diary. no, that's not page from her war time diary. that's a page from her war time diary. she came back to the united states as an even greater celebrity. 1915.me back in march much more famous, much wealthier of just before the sinking the lucitania. the great question of the ship was not whether or not it would the united states into the ar, almost no one argued for war. the question was, what it would to force the united states do? reality that the, that the united states would with unable the great of it was question of the age. react to europe, no longer europe's war? changes do we americans need? do we need to change our business practices. do we need to build a bigger navy or army? nature ed to change the of that army? related to those questions were larger questions over which the united states had little control. how much longer will this war last? will win it? the car bring positive change? have a united states moral responsibility to act on the side of the right against the side of the wrong? as no should come surprise to a

britain has fought a world war. it is bankrupt at the end of this war. a huge empire, but it's broke. and what is it going to do? how will it administer that empire. one way of doing that us to cut down on the amount of money that you spend on the indian policies and diplomacy. >> we're an empire, we dictate and don't negotiate. that's not how the french operated. that amount for indian people is these red coats, who presented themselves as allies for the future are clearly our enemies and occupying our lands with troops and at the same time by cutting off and withholding gifts and refusing gifts, limiting trade, that is a declaration of hostile intent. and out of that comes a multi what resistance movement do the indian people want? they want their land protected and preserved and before the war happened, the british said we have to do something about it and do something to check the flood of settlement going on indian land. because as long as that is unchecked we will have a conflict. the way r sends it all back to london. several key decisions. one is

victory within that war. prof. titus: yes, and victory is literally within their grasp. jim crow was almost within the naacp's power to choke out. it does look like that is actually a white hand on the poster, which i think is interesting. isf. titus: i think that probably just the shading on this particular poster, but it is an interesting observation. given the message they were trying to send, i think it is probably just the shading. the naacp is an interracial organization, but i think that is probably just the shading. as mentorship in the organization was exploding, naacp lawyers chose this particular moment to really step on the legalck foundations of white supremacy. what was going on in the courts? were they winning any big victories in the courts? certainly not with respect to housing. many of them thought the judicial system would help them with housing during world war ii , and for many of them, it did not. prof. titus: there is a housing case it comes before the court in the late 40's, but it is

dominance in the war. arriving by plane in cairo next to the pyramids in late november 1943 and somehow get churchill back on board. the germans would not surrender and without the british overlord could not be mounted. that was the crisis the western allies faced in the final months with we nor mouse consequences. fortunately some days later the crisis was resolved. and the president forced to use stalin. and the spring of 1944. it was successful. and churchill's fears and barely three weeks after the president's death. let me finish by saying that climactic 1943 struggle between the customs of britain and america was never fully resolved. it went too deep. was too much a mirror to the growing disparity between the two powers the united states and great britain. it may in it's way help us to understand better winston churchill's refusal to attend fdr's funeral in april 1945 shortly before he himself were voted out of office. a recognition that for all his pride and british history and imperial greatness t

when in office, two wars, the end of world war ii and korean conflict. ample opportunity for her to be involved in the military. her very first big public act was involved with the military. it was at national airport just across the river from us, and let's show you what happened. >> ready to be christened by mrs. harry s. truman, who with her daughter will do the honors in her first public appearance. by an oversight, the champagne bottle hasn't been properly prepared. etched to break the glass on impact. now mrs. truman unaware that her bottle is not prepared. [ laughter ] >> let's see how her military aide meets the crisis. [ laughter ] >> that could never happen today, because staff work for first ladies has greatly improved, the sad thing is, history thrust her into this role. she was happy being a senate wife. she was reluctant to be in this big -- >> she spent much of her time back in missouri. this was her first political event. they were flying air ships. she look ed pretty game out there, but she was thoroughly embarrassed and never did public

that fought the cold war." the winner of the richard leopold prize. also the former editor of the national journal of naval history. dr. weir is here to comment on the technological development of the submarine, and the role and plans of the german navy as world war i developed. this was -- this is his first appearance at the maryland historical society. [applause] our other speaker is professor nicholas lambert. currently the class of 1957 distinguished chair of naval american heritage at the u.s. naval academy. after receiving his doctorate from oxford in 1992, he has held fellowships at yale, wolfson college, oxford, and southampton university of england, and was an associate fellow at the royal united services institute in white hold, london. his first book is a revisions account of british naval policy before world war i, and it won the distinguished book award for military science history. the second book "planning armageddon" received the world war i historical association's 2013 norman b tomlinson junio

the war department pulled the contract, gave it to willis overland which made 343,000 in world war ii government wanted more they can forward a contract for another 300,000. after the war there was a battle for the jeep brand and willis overland won out. after world war ii pittsburgh was a mess. it'd been going 24/7. there was smog that cover the valleys. the people of pittsburgh got together and said we have to clean this place up. the allegheny conference for community development was invented. with an eye for cleaning up the skies, then the waters, redeveloping downtown pittsburgh, critical projects were all the rage -- renewal projects were all the rage in the 1950's and 1960's. the pennsylvania turnpike was the first road with bank curves, rumble strips, concrete, and you could drive fast. there were stops along the way. you had to pay to use them but people did not mind because they could get you across the state in six hours. it used to take six weeks when george washington was here with conestoga wagons trying to get over the allegheny mountains. now they were tunnels hunched

so right after the war ends. this is known as red cloud's war. the resulting treaty was not only very controversial one, but also laid the groundwork for additional violence. in the treaty, which is the treaty of fort laramie of 1868, the u.s. government established the great sioux reservation in the western part of what is now south dakota. the lakota would get to keep the black hills forever under this treaty without whiten crocement. they also maintain rights to hunting grounds, but in return allowed the government to build roads and railroads through the territory. so that's the agreement. unfortunately for the lakota, gold was discovered in the black hills. and through military excursions and treaty violations in the 1870s, the lakota lost this land and were confined to an increase leg smaller and smaller land base. it was this development that would also lead to the battle of little bighorn or greasy grass and the ghost knee movement and the wounded knee massacre. all of this tension combined at the end of the 1860s to change the direction

it has gone from being a bad war in american memory to being a not so bad war.his is bipartisan narrative, democrats and republicans, president obama too, this was a failed war, we lost but we tried our best, with the best of intentions, noble intentions and we should remember our soldiers because they fight for freedom and each other. the narrative is being used, increasingly dominant in popular culture and politics and state department, washington dc, and giving talks, then american policy, american exceptionalism, people believe in that, they really do. the practical impact is what this means, instead of learning negative lessons in the vietnam war. a lesson the pentagon, state department, we can do this better. we don't carpet bomb anymore. i don't think there is reconciliation, vietnam, a lot of veterans go back and are struck by the fact that people walk in with open arms including veterans and he was a photographer, we did a tour together and went to marder secretary where the dead come to school because they are buried, there was a family celebrating dea

but different war. here to advise and support our courageous vietnamese ally. >> the most complex war we had fought to this time and i think his plan for the war was an entirely conventional plan in a very unconventional war. >> we're over here to win, and we have what it takes to assist them in this victory. is that enough for you? >> yes, sir. >> i'm going to put this in two parts. i'll be a little more candid in a second. >> lyndon johnson doesn't want to be a president who found his administration torpedoed by an unpopular war. parenthetically, however, we have a very interesting episode that happens in august of 1964 in the tonkin gulf. >> three pt boats identified by our state department as north vietnamese attacked the uss maddox, a destroyer operating in the tonkin gulf some 35 miles off the north vietnamese coast. >> this was not an unprovoked attack. there had been these covert actions against north vietnamese directed by the united states, and the north vietnamese were responding to that on a

them for world war i. there was a journalist at that time, just a quick side story about winston churchill at that time. as we all know he was an extraordinary writer. and that is crystal clear at this point in his life. even though he was 24 or 25, i read a lot of contemporary accounts of the war, and i can say absolutely he was head and holders above all of them. he was really an extraordinarily precise and insigtful and beautiful writer. with the one exception of a man named george warrington stevens, who died during the scene as he was in lady smith. and it's more like poetry. i could have quoted from him all day long. but he in particular wrote about the fact that even just watching it in real time, you can see the british suffering and confused and it's this chaos they're trying to figure out, how it's possible that they're losing what they consider to be a conial war. the reason is that war is changing. they're trying to figure it out. he said, i think at some point, we're going to learn and get bet

had in the entire war. of thed up in command virginia calvary corps because he was the favorite nephew of robert e. lee. him the laughing cavalier, he loved to have fun and laugh. he was five foot four inches, was chunky and overweight. he weighed over 300 pounds by the time of the spanish-american war. he was one of those old confederate generals who were asked to rejoin the army to help rally the south to the cause in the spanish-american war and was unable to take the field because he was too fat. but he has with him a veteran brigade of virginians. alongside him is the veteran general wade hampton the third, reputedly the wealthiest man in the south. he paid out of his own pocket to raise the hampton legion. those four companies become the nucleus of a second south carolina calvary, which is part of his command. that was commanded by butler, who was wounded at brady station. he was very proud of the fact as killed a bear he with his bare hands. this is a man who personally killed 13 yankee troopers and

the war effort. jobsheerings did open new to blacks in companies it investigated, and those that did not want the negative publicity. the agency did not have any enforcement powers. it could publicize instances of dissemination in the workplace. it could release a report saying, packers discriminated against black workers. but it couldn't take any legal action against packard. uthough employment rates were p for african-americans during the war, most were still trapped in menial jobs. >> black workers deftly made some gains in the war years, but they had to fight for them. often against their coworkers and their on unions. this propaganda poster is interesting and it presents an image of racial unity. put aside any differences they have to come together because they have a common devotion supporting the war effort. the reality of workplace integration was often a lot messier than an image like this would suggest. at the packard plant in detroit which produced tanks, efforts to transfer black workers

first division in world war i. he was involved in the planning of the highly successful or a offensive that led to surrender of the germans. he copy i of the commander of afterneral jack pershing germany is defeated. he was with pershing's four years after the war. the open warfare and the high maneuverability of the army in the summer and fall of 1918 were very different from the static trench warfare for the four years before the americans arrived in the spring of 1918. the lessons that marshall learned from the rate war were very -- great war were very different. his experiences comprise mainly static trench warfare which was taken away from the same conflict. called pluck street. in belgium. that was where winston churchill was stationed for four months in the beginning of 1916. throughout that period, the trench lines stayed totally static. it did not move at all. people were getting killed pretty much every day, but they were not moving at all. you don't get that in the second world war. there is no active th

he has written widely on transatlantic relations in the year of the second world war and the cold war and the struggle for europe. and his latest book "the bitter road to freedom: a new history of the liberation of europe." it examines liberation in europe in 1944-1945 and was a finalist for the pulitzer prize and he will speak about churchill and dwight d. eisenhower. [applause] professor hitchcock: good morning. lovely to see you and thank you all very much for asking me to come to this distinguished conference with astonishingly accomplished guest and participants. my name is will hitchcock and i teach at the university of virginia and i will speak about churchill and eisenhower. i spent six years finishing a book on the age of eisenhower and i hope it will find a place under your christmas tree in december of 2017. if you will, a twice reelected and norma sleep popular fiscally conservative socially humane, antiwar, republican. [laughter] [applause] the time istchcock: right to like ike. [laughter] professor hitchcock: it is fair to say dwight eisenhower knew churchill better than

world war i and common misperceptions he sees in conventional vufse the great war. mr. neiberg is the author of "the path to war, how the first world war created modern america." the new york military affairs symposium hosted this event. it's an hour and a half.

it is a war. but from the constitutional perspective it is hard to see how something of that scale could be expunged of course, it was authorized there were big debates about appropriations up followed but the war dragged on. but you start to see many critics starting to hold men why isn't congress stopping this? there was equally strong view developing maybe congress was implicated day authorized now what is there will to end it? and remarkable thing about vietnam at the very time he is writing his book imperial presidency how the president has unlimited power to wage war, for the first time in the nation's history there legislating the end of the war. generally to the point that when ford, after nixon faces a difficult challenge to be stripped of the powers to use combat force. but he has to get u.s. citizens out of cambodia and vietnam. but how does he get that amount if he cannot use force so he goes to congress and says what my supposed to do? you obviously want me to get the americans out wh

the war time pores were removed. gardens built and chatham took the form it retains today surrounded by 80 acres of open fields. >> so fitzu built this place, at the same time he fits in to a lot of other patterns. very hospitable. you heard of southern ho hospitali hospitality. that was true. people in his class often hosted other people at their house for days or sometimes weeks at a time and we have letters from william to relatives talking about how he's got 25, 26 people staying at his house that week and lists how many cattle he's had to slaughter, complained about how he's had to feed these people but then he goes on and says i had 36 people here last week staying with me. try to imagine if you will putting up with guests, maybe not 36 or 24 at a time but try to imagine putting up half a dozen people day in and out throughout your life as people come and go. in addition to having to run the plantation, do all your political activities. it became very wearing. eventually he's going to tire of this and as he get

the war department pulled the contract, gave it to willis overland which made 343,000 in world war iie government wanted more so they can forward a contract for another 300,000. after the war there was a battle for the jeep brand and willis overland won out. after world war ii pittsburgh was a mess. it'd been going 24/7. there was smog that cover the valleys. the people of pittsburgh got together and said we have to clean this place up. the allegheny conference for community development was invented. with an eye for cleaning up the skies, then the waters, redeveloping downtown pittsburgh, renewal projects were all the rage in the 1950's and 1960's. the pennsylvania turnpike was the first road with bank curves, rumble strips, concrete, and you could drive fast. there were stops along the way. you had to pay to use them but people did not mind because they could get you across the state in six hours. it used to take six weeks when george washington was here with conestoga wagons trying to get over the allegheny mountains. now they were tunnels hunched through the barriers, the mountain

war years? as we talked about in some of our first classes, one of the biggest debates is over chronology and periodization. when did civil rights begin? was it during emancipation or was it later? this period lays a really key role in the way historians understand the modern black freedom struggle. it is clear the war years brought a lot of gains for civil rights, but also prove a profound disappointment to those hoping for lasting transformation in american race relations. in the most simple terms possible, it changed some things but failed to change others. understanding the how and why is where i think things get interesting. we want to use our time today to talk about some of the ways black americans experienced world war ii, responded to it, and the impact of the war years in shaping the postwar civil rights unit. we will talk about some of the gains and limitations of racial reforms in these years and we will talk about some of the ways veterans continue to fight for civil rights on the h