to find the war. the war found them. it burned villages and homes, it killed parents and children, it raped the land. polls, yugoslavs, filipinos, chinese, malai's, many many more people. - malays. and by the end italians, germans and japanese all found the war found them. they were fed into a meatgrinder of industrial war. until the butchers bill reached 75 million. of whom 40 million were killed in the east alone. that is 28,500 lives lost every day in the east, 10 omaha's every day for 1400 consecutive days. we cannot copperhead that. -- we cannot comprehend that. when summing are dying what is the loss of one or a hundred or a mere 10,000. and leaders thought in those terms. they had to. raw numbers overwhelmed all personal tragedy. this is the key difference between history and literature. between war and shakespeare. amid all that in the people and may have war, young men and women discovered and were right to dwell on heroism, sacrifice, moral and physical endurance. that is what i want to turn to now. two example

that is what i mean by at least two wars. perhaps two sets of american wars. native peoples and settler colonists both engaged in these wars at the same time. in some respects, it all traces back to the seven years war, the contest for the continent, a deep sense of betrayal by settler colonists who believed the british empire has turned their back on them by denying them the fruits of the conquest of the continent through the proclamation of 1763, not to mention the taxes they are imposing, not to mention many other things that are the central grievances of the usonian revolution. again, the contests of the seven years war echo into creating the children of pontiac's war, native people trying to create their independence, and the sense of betrayal on the part of the british settler colonists against the british empire. the three way of analyzing this helps us understand or rethink through the period we too easily we call the period of the american revolution. i have stunned the room into silence once again. two sets of wars for independence. three want to tal

the war. canteens orof the food stations that existed in poland. you can see it is similar to the things we have seen today. large numbers of children were fed. not lastcause it did very long, it is hard to know how many people might have been saved, but i think it is fair to say a large number of children over the winter beginning in spring of 1941 and through the summer -- i'm sorry, the spring of 1940 through the following summer received food they never would have received. they are sustained through the winter. these posters i tried very hard to find pictures of the posters in action. the relief groups were very proud of their posters. they were the face of the movement. the face of the attempt to raise money. again, on the left, means almost nothing to anybody that is not polish. this poster is probably from a little later. i should tell you one of the ways you can figure at the age of the posters, when they were say, march,ut, 1942, the national war fund was off and running. any poster

he said that this is the war to end wars. dream for peace after world war i was shattered on the hard realities of great power .olitics woodrow wilson die a broken man. -- died a broken man. i do not have tell you that the war in vietnam is the work and wars. but i tell you that i have initiated a plan to end the war in a way that will bring us closer to that great goal to which woodrow wilson and every american president in our history has been dedicated. the goal of a just and lasting peace. as president, i hold the responsibility for choosing the best path of that goal and then leading the nation along it. tonight that i shall meet this responsibility with all of the strength and wisdom i can command. in accordance with your hopes, mindful of your concerns. sustained by your prayers. thank you, and good night. >> in a televised oval office , president1969 richard nixon delivered what was known as the silent majority speech on the vietnam war. next, a u.s. information agency report examining nixon's address and a 50 minute

there is a vibrant scholarship on war in particular from other wars and the civil war and world war ii. they were pretty under explored from the american revolution and kept returning this occupation to the military history and really adds nuance to the understanding of civilians. and importantly, we had the gender nation of warfare and by this i mean not only is women's experiences part of this victory but relations of power to men and women including soldiers and civilians and people both free and enslaved. in short, i argue what happens to societies and to families and two men and women. and exploring the revolution through the household, eliminates these gender dynamics and in philadelphia where they're worried about his wife elizabeth in their house and even know elizabeth had the situation well in hand. it reveals that they insisted was moving a single piece of paper in his office and had the space and his absence and had the experiences of the people in charleston and organize and hosted the british officers. and jane boone took advantage with the relationships from soldiers in

what they need is to be out of that war. so they expect to fully withdraw from the war. expect to leave the north vietnamese in place and a leopard spot arrangement within south vietnam. they basically take count of what they need to do, given that that is the outcome of what they seek. they need to do everything conceivable to support south vietnam to the point where we withdraw. ask him a, maximum logistic support, political support, all of that. we cannot be seen to be holding anything back. in the end, we need to withdraw and we cannot afford to go back. nixon gives his reasons. he is back to his bigger game analogy. this time it has to do with the russians, the chinese, the europeans, and he even wants to try to settle the middle east. all of these things are in play. end with, right after their conversation kissinger reaches an agreement with the north vietnamese, actually has a ratified by president nixon, goes off to saigon and has it rejected, because it leaves the north vietnamese in place and gives them a role in the south vietnamese political system. it is th

, anti— the iraq war?o read up war? i suppose i did start to read up about the issues before the iraq war began. when it was first mentioned in public, when a rocket came up in a debate on the wall in terra, i started thinking about its —— iraq. unlike many people —— unlike people i was surprised by iraq was coming up again. i didn't question some ice the afghanistan invasion, but at this point it seems why bring iraq into this? so i read up why bring iraq into this? so i read up on the issues. i ran around various different publishing houses andi various different publishing houses and i bought a couple of books and i really did try to dig neath the surface on what was going on and i came to the conclusion that the war did not seem justified, that it was in fact, that there was no justification for it at all. and so when i saw the e—mail that was a red flag. let usjust, ifi may interrupt for a second, remind people of the e—mail. because what you saw and we came people of the e—mail. because what you saw

the war in poland is over. it is during the boer war, there is nothing going on besides the finish campaign from the fall of poland until the invasion in the spring. i would call this period waiting for hitler. what hitler's going to do after the fall of poland. the polish relief -- i think the finnish relief effort galvanizes people and provides relief for relief, if i can make a bad pun. there are lots of people who volunteered to fight in finland and the word was if you missed the spanish civil war, this was your chance. americans, hungarians, canadians, even some japanese, came to fight for the finns. look, here is the -- just incredible numbers of great photographs. the finnish national archives all online released for public domain. these are the finnish children. had been part of the soviet union. they are being evacuated. the finns are supposed to fold immediately and they don't. they destroy two soviet divisions. the 44th division. the photographs from that are incredible. frozen pictures of soviet sol

turf wars and border wars between the poles and the russians. the hungarians and the cheks, and so forth. it was chaos. that's the environment in which hoover and his team have to ork. the american led elite program entailed much more than keeping a step ahead of famine and disorder. economic recovery was crucial if europe or to bind up its ones in many policies were designed to achieve this objective. here ranged for other experts to become advisors to the fledgling governments of austria, poland, trickles of rock you, and what became known as yugoslavia. these advisors worked to reform currencies, modernize agriculture. hoover also worked to open up the vital danube river to peacetime commerce. he dispatched americans to silesia, where they helped produce urgently needed oal. with the treaty of versailles -- >> you want to tell me what to do? thank you. with the signing of the treaty versailles in the summer of 1919, it became part of a growing empire of philanthropy that he and his associates developed to cope with the great war's aftermath a

in world war one. and world war 2. and every time the ukrainian people ended up paying the highest price for these grand games of power. history doesn't repeat but it surely rhymes said mark twain. if one looks closely at the history of ukraine one will notice many rhymes. being surrounded by stronger powers ukraine has needed a lot of cunning to survive and they are they truly mastered with time is the art of changing sides. in the middle of the 17th century ukrainian leader dunn who. broke a truce agreement made with poland siding more powerful russia. just over 50 years later as the russian swedish war was raging another ukrainian leader ivan mazeppa bro. the union with russia when he switched sides joining forces with the swedish invaders many times ukrainian history was written by 3rd parties seeking to keep the gains of a revolution at any cost russia agreed to the humiliating conditions of the breast with treaty of 1918 which turned ukraine into a german protectorate another historical document that changed the

[crashing sound] >> clear the way to win the war, win the war, win the war ♪ if you want to have a betterorld, if you want to have a better world, you have to get out and vote ♪ now we are on the right track, right track, right track, now we are on the right track, we are going to win the war. right behind the president, the president, the president, right behind the president, for 1944 ♪ so go until your neighbors that the new world special is coming nowyour reservation ♪ soldiers, all aboard for severance pay, disability insurance, free training and education, signed up with no delays. forers, got your ticket crop insurance, lower prices, adequate credit? ♪ got get out and vote board, $200 billion national income, but no pushing and no crowding small business, protection from big business labor, jobs for everyone, full and in point -- full employment, full production, good housing, social insurance, security in your old age. all aboard ♪ there will be a job for everyone, everyone, everyone you gotta get out and vote if you want to have security, security, security, if you want to have s

food will win the war became the slogan. by the model of 1918, the usa under its food controllers guidance had become a cornucopia upon which the beleaguered british french and italians could draw with increasing confidence. just five days after the armistice a 1918, president wilson dispatched over to europe to take charge of for distribution to a confident careening towards disaster. by now, little belgium was not the only nation. in the months following the end of world war one, famine, disease and bloody revolution swept across much of europe and threatened a civilization already traumatized by the war to end. wilson and allied leaders struggled to draft a peace treaty in paris. over as director of a new administration, they are a organize the disbursement of food to hungry people and helped thereby 12 the danger of communist revolution in central europe. in many places, conditions were appalling in germany large numbers of children and other civilians were suffering from food shortages made more severe by the continued

he came up with slogans as he had during the war, such as food would win the war.uch as i do not have any german enemies under the age of six. we have never been at war with women and children. this helps, using children was a way to help people who had, for many good reasons had held a lot of animosity toward germany, putting it in the eyes of children, people were then able and more willing to dig into their pockets and donate. he faced a lot of political pressure in the u.s. and abroad. but he was able to get it through. here's another image. this is a picture that represents the children of tomorrow. i can't quite read it. you see a wolf that represent hunger, and winter is laughing in the background. he is also labeled. [laughter] across the ocean is uncle sam it with food supplies and to him is herbert hoover tugging at uncle to sam's shoulder pointing towards europe. as a way to save, we need to feed the europeans. this image was published in november 1918. there's this idea that hunger is going over europe. he is looking forward to getting food into europe.

. >> so the idea was to have a comprehensive history of the cold war and the cultural cold war and the literary cold war through the collapse of communism. in the idea that i had was to do that somatically. that then you might work bad out as a group biography. and then weaving through as much of the story. >> the person that you open with is orwell. so with the spanish civil war. and they were agents and like we know for his journalism. and you have been a journalist. and then when they figure out with journalism. so i wonder if, i don't know. >> but that idea is the last possible thing and be so terrible at it but so there is a reason why i have a phd in english. [laughter] there are ways we are thinking about and with these experiences and then to be disenchanted of that and then to be really concerned and through stalinism. and that is marvelous trying to be rigorous and disciplined and to tell the story in all complex detail. so he has to go back and think how do i get that across? and that's basically how he told his story to go back and think about the simple most effective way.

>> not during the war itself. not during the war itself. other issues came up in the post war years. second mass comes to mind when some post war writers alleged that long street held off too long in coming to the aid stonewall jackson. but no, not during the war no. none of his actions really came up. subsequent to gettysburg, there was a controversy over the east tennessee campaign, and some disputes between lock street and lafayette my clause and some of his other subordinates but that was after gettysburg. yeah? all right. (applause) >> a little bit about our presented today doctor mark snell he is a retired military officers on a retired history professor. he is currently serving as a chief historian of th

using the proceeds to pay off the war debt, the monetary war debt. mr. richter: actually they are doing some of that, but the depreciation lands are to make up for the soldiers being paid and depreciated currency. and they get land grants there to make up for the fact that the money they were paid is no good. the financial implications of this for states, we are just beginning to understand as historians. and it is complicated, but at least there is this vision that acquiring native land is not going to just be the way in which settlers will civilize the continent, but also the way in which the states will get out from under their crippling war debts and financial problems during this period. >> can you give me a date on ofn the boundaries pennsylvania become defined, finally? mr. richter: there they are. >> 1789 complete? mr. richter: that is the erie triangle and they discovered, whoops, we have no access to the great lakes. but the real key is 1784-1785, when one third of what is today pennsylvania was acquired. is the rule defined on making sure the

and reading the war. -- ridding the war. i will give you in and serve of his state of the union address from 1942. just a few sentences that will encapsulate what he was talking about, and how he was urging all americans to do their little bit. before congress and before the american people on that occasion and he said. money.cost so far we have hardly even begun .o pay for it we have devoted at least 15% of our national income to national defense. as will appear in my budget message tomorrow, our -- for the coming fiscal year will cost $56 billion. or, in other words, more than half of the estimated annual national income. " taxes and bonds. and bonds and taxes. it means cutting luxuries and other nonessentials. in a word, it means an all out war, by individual effort and family effort in a united country. when he was talking about individual effort and family effort, he was talking about oo.s t family effort meant that even if you were over here on the home were, and your love ones fighting overseas is the popular workwent

americans saw this and what was going on and the war as a whole as an immoral war. people saw this as a humanitarian intervention this is what america does this is the rule but these stories and there was a terrible were going on in this insurrection were hundreds of thousands and there is a justification to do something but it became the story that the regiment like the roughriders came together change the way they saw the military and what it meant to serve and to have power not only to cart on - - conquer the world but to free them this doesn't change overnight but to put in place a way of thinking about ourselves the 20h century became a dominant narrative severity end of world war ii america could do no wrong. so we need a large army to fight the fascist we can have a conversation for another day but that was how we saw that message that is a microcosm of buthe regiment and speaks to why this is so insignificant one - - significant why we have to learn that. so because i have a book and we are here i just want to the big battle was the battle of san juan hill s

what's happening in the civil war? tens of thousands of americans are dying in horrendous battles, and he's saying indians are inherently warlike, unlike good all-americans. tens of thousands of americans are dying in these horrendous so in abraham lincoln's words, is this idea that development must proceed. lincoln is a proponent of manifest destiny, the great engine of destruction that bore down on native american people. he was all in favor of building railroads and bringing western resources into eastern rockets including the gold and silver that led to things like the genocide of california indians. of course he was all in favor of white people being able to expand into the west and settle and carve up the land in two forms. and that he agreed with , southerners that western devout and should continue but were he disagreed with southerners is on the expansion of slavery. lincoln of course believed as many northerners did that slavery should not be allowed to expand in the west. that it would be unfair competition

the war is over. robert haley and his army have surrendered in 1865 the army of tennessee with joe johnson to pitch elated -- lieutenant general kobe smith in mississippi still major forces on feel surrendered on may 26 in indian territory, now oklahoma, the may native american confederate in the field kept them in the field for nearly a month after smith gave up the trans mississippi army. except for a long -- as the fratricidal conflict the armed forces of the confederacy had been disbanded. by late june the same could be said of the huge volunteer for us that had once battled the union army. what remained of the proud army was prepared to go home including the seventh west virginia then to 557 soldiers, 24 commission officers 439 present, two offices 100 100 and then absent the only 127 of the men were veteran volunteers from 1528 overall. after the battalion under francis baldwin role the train to wheeling arriving the morning of july 5th. they can't on whaling island on the ohio river where the a

war that is as old as he is he told a.b.c. news honestly i don't think a lot about it all i know is that i've got a job to do and that we're still over there right now and it's not done yet. given our current political climate the end my friends nowhere in sight of it and speaking of the afghanistan war the man who started it all the very reason that private nine's is now putting his life on the line to fight in a war that doesn't end george w. bush was making headlines this week with his new best the daytime talk show host ellen de generous after video of the 2 sitting together an n.f.l. football game went viral it seems that many were not exactly happy seeing the comedienne sitting with the man responsible for the iraq and afghanistan wars the surveillance state cia torture guantanamo bay aboud grob hurricane katrina aftermath lack of clean up i could go on and on and none. she took her show to quell the controversy stating that she is friends with a lot of people who don't share the same beliefs that i have just because i d

-korean war.i know that doesn't quite address the fullness of what you are asking for, but i think that is one way for me to think through how are people -- this is one way we can see people on the ground negotiating and understanding global geopolitics. according to them, what is the global geopolitics post-cease-fire? and also, according to global geopolitics, what is considered the possible opportunity for thinking about peace on the korean peninsula? >> how much control did the u.s. over theactually have camps themselves? there's a whole operation here with these youth groups. and clearly, they were somewhat allied with the united states. the north koreans, the chinese also control their sectors and discipline their populations. does the united states military impose a greater degree of control and order because they can't? the flip would be what's going on on the others of the 38th thellel -- other side of 38th parallel. we don't get as clear a picture and what you write about that. but we ha

the war of 1812 tends to be quite a bit forgotten in our american history. at the timeng on was the united states was a young nation and we had just gotten over the revolution. we were our own country, and we were really just trying to make a go of it. at this point in time, great britain was fighting with the french empire, and the united states decided it was going to make money off of that war. they were trading to both the french and british. as you can imagine, neither side was to happy the united states was supplying goods and supplies, so the british actually were pulling up alongside merchant ships in the atlantic and stealing cargo and impressing sailors. free-trade and sailors rights is one of the reasons the united states decided to declare war. another reason is the land right out here. this territory part of ohio was the native american tribes here. the promise was they would be no settlers, no military action in this area. of course that did not happen. settlers were coming in, building their farms. as you can imagine, a lot of the american ind

turf wars and border wars between the polls and the russians. it was chaos. that's the environment in which he and his team have to work. the american-led relief program entailed more than keeping a step ahead of famine and disorder. economic recovery and increased productivity were crucial if europe was to bind up its wounds. many of hoover's policies in 1919 were designed to achieve this objective. he arranged for hundreds of american engineers and other experts to become technical advisors to the fledgling governments of austria, poland, czechoslovakia, and what became known as yugoslavia. these advisors, some of whom stayed for three years, worked to reorganize railways, reform currencies and modernize agriculture. hoover also helped to reopen the danube river basin to peacetime commerce. he dispatched american agencies to mining regions where they helped to settle strikes and increase production of urgently needed coal. after the signing of the treaty of versailles--you want me to tell me what to do? thank you. with the signing of the treaty of versaille

it was used in world war i and very effectively in world war ii.aptain america is saying i want you to buy war bonds now. now, many of you have seen this movie, and you know that as part of his war bond drama, as part of the routine, he was not dancing in it, but it was the act that there is this guy who portrays hitler. at the appropriate moment, captain america turns around and punches hitler in the face. it aspires the cover of a comic book. this comic book. captain america number one. this is the actual real captain america number one. it came out long before the attack on pearl harbor, and we talked about in class that jack kirby, the people who produced what would later be the marvel comics line of comics. they had a number of names back in the day. they said, you know we are trying to make a statement about isolationism. make america leave them alone. we don't need to get involved in the war. there are folks who said, since when did hilter leave anybody alone if he had the chance to invade them. we need a hero that will express the need to f

, anti the iraq war? to read up about the issues before it, you know, the iraq war began. when it was first mentioned in public, when iraq came up the a debate on the war on terror, i started thinking about it. and, you know, like many people, i was very curious at why iraq was being brought up again. you know, i mean, ithink — i didn't question so much the afghanistan invasion, but at this point it seemed why bring iraq into this? so i did read up on the issues. i read around various different publishing houses and i bought a couple of books and i really tried to dig beneath the surface on what was going on and i did came to the conclusion that the war didn't seem justified, that it was, in fact, no — that there was no justification for it at all. and so when i saw the e—mail that was a red flag. let us just, if i may interrupt for a second, remind people of the e—mail. because what you saw, what came across your desk and many of your colleagues‘ desks, it was almost a circular, it was something that had

it remained popular virtually through eight years of war. the war gaming 1875. it's really only in 1779, 80 that popular support for the king and his government and trying to keep the colonies within the british empire begins to really disintegrate in britain. one of the reasons was because the widespread belief in brittany beginning in 1770, early 70's. if there permitted to slip away from it be the beginning of the unraveling of the new british empire which was created in 63 with the british victory over the french and spanish in the seventh year. the french and indian war. if that slips away canada will go in the sugar islands in india and it will be the british empire. all of the wealth and value of the empire will be solved at the colonies get away. there was great support for bringing the americans back in. >> if you could reconcile a few things in your book, number one, britain was ascendant at this time. britain was merely bright bankrupt. >> britain had gone deeply into debt as a consequence of the seventh year war. there is great concern that could be

this is what the war bequeath to the invisible children. pollin and i know that in 2017 through a study on post-war trauma together they set up their organization forgotten children of war they've already managed to kindle unprecedented public debate in bosnia about the subject of wartime rape. the prisoners the business community. but. our 1st big step is getting an appraisal of the legal situation. gotten ourselves a lawyer. she's examining bosnian laws and international conventions. the children's rights convention or the human rights convention of. the other not just. one lasting problem which children of the war face is that we've lost a fundamental human right the right to respect for private and family life. as they push for legislative reform they hope to raise awareness of their situation . is worthwhile going public and talking openly about this after all the years we suffered in enduring the usual what we know where we come from. the books that were called for so long. in bosnia herzegovina today people like arlen and i know are

but that was 1861 and the war came and the war changed everything, as wars often do. within weeks of the war beginning, they began to hear from other enslaved people around them on their plantation, on surrounding plantations, they began hearing about what was happening at fort monroe, and they heard about benjamin butler's order allowing them to come into union lines as contraband of war. they probably heard this because the plantation from which the very first people entered fort monroe was a plantation that was basically adjacent to their own. so they probably knew those individuals. well, not long after butler's order, the union army moved from fort monroe into newport news and established a new camp there called camp butler after benjamin butler. camp butler was two miles from the plantation where the whitehursts were living, and in may 1861, they seized the moment. they left. they went to camp butler and obtained work in the camp hospital. edward got himself employed as a guide for the army, as it made its way toward big bethel in what turned out to be a failed

i want to end this war. the american people want to end this war.ut we want to end it permanently, and therefore, we have ruled out a one-sided withdrawal from vietnam or the acceptance in terms that it would amount to a disguised american defeat. when we assume the burden of helping defend south vietnam, millions of south vietnamese men, women, and children, place their trust in us. to abandon them now would risk a massacre. that would shock and dismay everyone in the world who values human life. let me be quite blunt. our fighting men are not going to be worn down. our mediators are not going to be talked down. and our allies are not going to be let down. thank you, and good night. >> the speech this evening was a culmination of more than a month of background speculation, and i'd like to know if, indeed, there is anything new in the speech tonight. >> roger, i think the immediate visceral reaction is same old stuff. the president did not announce any limited u.s. troop withdrawals. he announced no u.s. troop withdrawals at all. there just isn't a

than the greater war. they contemporary south carolina's point wrote that there were 1400 windows in orphans in the 96 district of ohio. i showed you are the 96 district is, you know where that is. the militia leader was in orange bergh in the down and dirty work in counter insurgency. they were in the edginess of the women and children they cannot be conceived. can you persist much longer where they are and they wrote that the civil war destroyed more property and shed more american blood than the whole british army. meanwhile, regular war plea to -- backtrack a little, in march, 1781 at the courthouse in north carolina, they lost the tactical battle of the strategic victory and recklessly abandon the carolinas and virginia and a little bit more on that later. they would fight three major battles and he lost all four. as for the courthouse of defeat, there was a strategic victory. hop kirk's hill you. up kirk hill. the hill was in 1781 and 26-year-old lieutenant colonel francis who cornwall is had left in

a war for independence. for most of us as history teachers and historians, the far more interesting question is, who gets to rule at home? that is the real revolution. who will be the people that will rule? what new ways of thinking about the political arrangement might be emerging? the far more interesting struggle is often between different groups trying to answer the question of who should rule at home rather than the question of home rule. by the what i mean nature of the struggle. the spectrum of home rule on the one hand and who should rule on the other. . are you following me? interesting revolution is always the one at home and not be slightly more easily answered one of homeroom. will independence mean? who will be making decisions? a lot of individual people are making choices about who to ally with and what they want to achieve and what the nature of home rule will be. what about the object of the struggle? historian iher would never otherwise quote and suggest that you read. historianmes a racist

war effort. at 10:00 p.m. on our weekly america," we wind the clock back and feature several films from the 1940 four presidential campaign between franklin d roosevelt and thomas dewey. that's what's coming up here on american history tv. > i'll be the petersburg campaign certainly has quite a bit to discuss. c-span sake of our audience, who we deeply appreciate i want to run through keynote hlights of our speaker. wilson green is the former xecutive director of pamphlet historical park and the national museum of the civil war soldier located near petersburg ulysses virginia. he previously severed as the first president of the for the preservation of civil war sites from 1990 to 994 ulysses s. grant an early version of what today we know as battlefield trust. e's also spent time as a istorian including local fredericksburg in spotsylvania. he's also served in other capacities. dedicated research ulysses s. grant a prolific writer ulysses s. grant has published more than works on the civil wares

one of the problems with shadow war, no beginning and no end. it is permanent war. and now shelling of fort sumter to signal the beginning of it. it begins silently and continues on and that is part of the issue. you have to make a lot of long-term changes to push back and you are not going to put out the fire but you want to keep it to a low smolder like fighting a forest fire. you are not going to put it all out and that is hard, we like beginnings and ends but we would like to adjust the adversaries and strategy if we want -- is that a superpower? here is the thing. there is a drive to pull back, the appeal and strategy is we don't want to get caught up in this stuff. us benefit enormously from being involved and the american arguments, don't know if i swallow this entirely but just ask, ask southeast asian nations if they want to have the us and asia or not acute to be a counterbalance with china because they don't want to get bullied by china. they don't want to be dominated but they do not mind having the us police presence there. you may have a lot of pushbac

you know they sample of the iraq war the build up to the iraq war the propaganda the lies have all been exposed now you know there were no weapons of mass destruction the un didn't authorize the invasion of iraq therefore the war is illegal but they're still trying to 6 extraordinary that they're still trying to defend. we employed to do i translated signals intelligence and i reported anything i thought might be of interest to my clients the foreign office the ministry of defense so you work for the british government no not really no governments change i work for the british people so if they can get away with it then surely they think they can get away with it now i don't think it will change anything what was the impact in those rotating members of the un security council countries like chile which of course the british back to pinochet did have a big impact. i think it did i mean yeah certainly in chile the chilean ambassador at the time he was very very distraught that you know this relationship he thought . chile had repaired with the united states you know this they had open tra

this is a quick snapshot, a small regional railroad at the start of the war. they don't have a lot of hardware or equipment, only 12 locomotives, for baggage cars, aid passenger cars and 79 fright cars. this is a one track railroad running from acres down to harrisburg, through the heart of the cumberland valley. for those in the audience, both on television and luckily the valley is a name apply to the chandelier valley here in southern pennsylvania. >> cumberland valley is very important with this railroad lots of freight particularly timber coal hogs beef cattle back into harrisburg distribution throughout the country. this railroad has some clearly interesting of rolling stock one of which is the pioneer. the pioneer one of the most powerful locomotive by the time of the civil war it's clearly outdated it's a lightweight locomotive really design for passenger service small peacetime occupation. the railroad doesn't have a lot of heavy freight but typically, they can handle no more than a four car passenger train and some maximum -- to more of these things

ur officers knew nothing of war. they obeyed little, expected helped to increase the general disorder. callsierfield's continued for reinforcements went unheeded. 1 and 2, some 2,000 indiana soldiers, sixth, seventh, and ninth infantries would arrive under the command of morris. was no fan of morris ut who was mcclellan a fan of anyway? in one letter to his wife mcclellan called morris a "timid old woman." but he was a west point graduate spent a few years in the artillery, a railroad man cclellan's ris was m ranking officer in western virginia. keep in mind mcclellan would not western mself in more ia fora -- for a few weeks. he finds kelly on this movement. to clear them out and further secure the railroad. fine.ris said that's we're going to do this but i'm going to supplement your troops ith some of my indiana troops here, and morris called for a philippi. assault on the first column about #,500 dumont of the seventh indiana infantry, assault the city from the north while column of 1500 or 1600 under kelly would

what they need is to be out of that war. they expect to fully withdraw from the war. they expect to leave the north vietnamese in place within south vietnam. they basically take what they need to do given that is the outcome they seek. what they need to do is to everything conceivable to support south vietnam up to the point where we withdraw. maximum military support. logistic support, political support, all of that. we cannot be seen to be holding anything back. in the end, we need to withdraw. we cannot afford to go back. nixon gives these reasons which is the most interesting part of this. he is back to his bigger game analogy. this time, the bigger game has to do with russians and chinese. and even he wants to try to settle the middle east. all of those things are in play. so, right after that conversation, kissinger reaches an agreement with the north vietnamese. such ratified by nixon, goes off to saigon and has it rejected by -- because it leaves place.th vietnamese in there is this most bitter three months any president could have in the midst of this elector

the war bond drive, ultimately leading towards the end of world war ii. the show culminates with some of rockwell's great and lesser-known works that confront ivil rights. and reimagine, i think, the values of the nation. finally as a coda to the exhibition, the rockwell museum organized some 40 artists' work to be shown, work that was done ontemporarily today, work by living artists to reflect on the values of four freedoms, or think about them and show a different context of how we might think of them today. well, let's begin our tour. i would like to show you before we look at the four freedoms, i would like to show you the earliest images rock made of well world war ii. he conceived a character named willie gillis who is actually a 15-year-old boy at the time, too young to enlist. but he created a series of images, paintings for the saturday evening post, that were a lighthearted look at life in the military. one of his more famous ones is willie gillis receiving the care package. and so you can see he has received the box of goodies and he has made q

people have gotten us into failed war after a failed war for no national interest the united states but how does that affect the american people what they want nobody cares about them trump said he did care about them in 2016 this is the 3rd time now he's trying to get us out of syria each time he was he was stopped by the establishment let's see if he can pull it off this time i'm not sure he can i hope he does we were just a moment ago showing some footage of trump in rare form at that rally minneapolis the other night and during the recent g. 7 event i made a point to mute the sound and just watch the body language of other world leaders who seem merely to tolerate our bellicose president having worked in the foreign service how much do you reckon that other world leaders allow that this too shall pass sent another way glass half empty how much of this trouble buffoonery is going to tap to future presidents i think that the leaders of foreign countries are like the bipartisan elite the feed corrupt leadership in our own country that are all of the same mind and they despise trump the

the views of world war ii, it's the pacific war. but we have a different view of the war than what's taught in japanese schools. >> so did laura ever see the document that her father wrote? >> yes, laura did see the document that her father wrote. not the original in his japanese handwriting, but she saw many of the translated copies. one of the great things with having a last name like tatsuguchi is that people can find you. so after the war, many servicemen would find tatsuguchi in the phone book or whatever and they would mail their copy of the diary to laura. and laura met many u.s. vets that way. >> so did that happen before she met laird, then? >> yes, she knew about the diary in the '50s. well, her mother knew about the diary in the '50s. >> thank you. >> sure. thanks for coming. >> how did the laird family handle this whole situation? we heard so much about the tatsuguchi family reaching out. how did the laird family -- did they embrace the tatsuguchi family in any way? >> it was most dick laird and the tatsuguchi family, be

what caused world war i? it was not an aggressive ambitious state trying to seize territory and push as far and as fast as it could. or thought it was cornered. it was a systems problem. a whole bunch of factors combined, in tangled alliances, new technologies, the railroad that had profound impacts on how you mobilize for war and prepared to defend your interests. misperceptions, crumbling empires that worry about threats from within. all of these things mixed together and there were feedback loops, these feedback loops turned was were relatively minor developments, to the archduke ferdinand, it spun this through these reinforcing effects into a european wide war that none of the participants expected and none of them wanted. so what i am arguing in the book, we understand the threat from russia. it is a real threat. this is a genuinely dangerous situation. not as an offense if russia we need to deter or accommodate but as a complex systems problem that can get out of hand and do that in ways we don't expect

early in the war you would not have seen -- later in the war you would not have seen this in the paper. the battle of philippi cast a long shadow for such a small affair. this unrelenting press coverage would push northern politicians, who would push abraham lincoln, who in turn would push irvin mcdowell, which resulted in the first battle of bull run. we all know how that turned out. philippi and the resulting actions, these would help to launch mcclellan's star. even though these battles pale in comparison to what we see later in the war, these battles made cleland a hero when the north needed one. for all the good and bad that mcclellan would bring, and i would argue there was plenty of good, it was the result of his early successes in western virginia. porterfield said, if they intended to sacrifice me, i could not expect less support than i had. that is a damning statement to your superior officer. porterfield was found to have been negligent, but robert e leash stopped short of a court-martial, and instead removed him, putting garnet in command. garnet would be quoted as saying "