we know when the population of the warsaw get to the was down to about 50,000. we know from the records of the warsaw get oadministration how many -- were still alive. fewer than 500. there had been 50,000 of them when the ghetto was closed. now, flash to the next picture. this is another one. this is a show of people having been round up from the warsaw uprising and marched off and sense to camps. another child on the age of ten on the right. we know her name. we do not know the name of the boy in the preceding forecast. i want to draw your attention to something tragic about these pictures. who are these people? who could these children be? who is still live under the age of ten in the warsaw ghetto after three years of german persecution and deportation and suffering and staffation and -- starvation and so forth. who is stale live? a few monthed -- months earlier the head of the jewish administration pleaded with the people, give me your children. the germans have demanded x number of people in tomorrow's shipment. we don't want to give them the people who ar

we know when the population of the warsaw get to the was down to about 50,000. we know from the records of the warsaw get oadministration how many -- were still alive. fewer than 500. there had been 50,000 of them when the ghetto was closed. now, flash to the next picture. this is another one. this is a show of people having been round up from the warsaw uprising and marched off and sense to camps. another child on the age of ten on the right. we know her name. we do not know the name of the boy in the preceding forecast. i want to draw your attention to something tragic about these pictures. who are these people? who could these children be? who is still live under the age of ten in the warsaw ghetto after three years of german persecution and deportation and suffering and staffation and -- starvation and so forth. who is stale live? a few monthed -- months earlier the head of the jewish administration pleaded with the people, give me your children. the germans have demanded x number of people in tomorrow's shipment. we don't want to give them the people who ar

he walked on to this busy street in warsaw and then just disappeared in the crowd. if you had just seen him walking out the door, nobody would even think he was an inmate just released from a prison. >>> coming up next on "lockup: world tour." >> translator: i have a daughter here because i have no one on the outside to take care of her. >> a women's prison with an unusual approach to rehabilitation. >>> once known for artisan glass workers, the czech republic city of svetla nad sazavou is now home to the largest women's prison. named after the town, it houses 600 women. only 8% of them are convicted of violent crimes. that puts 34-year-old eraina in an even smaller minority. >> translator: i was sentenced for two murders. >> she is in the 12th year of a 21-year sentence for her role in the killings. >> translator: i was just at the wrong place at the wrong time when -- it's very difficult, you know. >> who shot these two people? >> translator: well, in the verdict it's written that i did. so that's the end of the story. but because i'm going to get out someday, i h

and in several discussions of the warsaw pact be, no less than three summits of warsaw pact were devote to the crisis in the middle east. many of them tried to argue that that's a good sign for us to stop investing in other people and start investing in ourselves in the eastern bloc. other countries were gung ho about using this opportunity to get even greater access to our markets. east germany was certainly one of those countries. also yugoslavia. i think reading those discussions is interesting. did they have really input on what they decided in the soviet union? no. and they didn't have a large input either, you know, in 1968. this is one of the reasons that the eastern bloc fell apart. it was never integrated enough. >> final question. malcolm burn, over here. >> thank you. actually final two if you'll allow it. first is that there's a really interesting human element to this story which is the state of mind of many of the key players, especially the israeli leaders. and we already know about rabin's state of mind at the start of this episode. and i wonder if by any chance you were

this is how they wanted to start their wars against the warsaw pact.they planned everything in advance and they planned for planes like the mirage that will be able to fly low, they compromised on the weight that the mirage would be able to take with it, the payload would be lower but it would be able to drop the bombs from low altitude. the idea was that they would be able to drop nuclear bombs from low altitude and that was the reason why israel insisted purchasing those planes from france as israel was developing nuclear weapons. the commander of the israeli air force was a big supporter of the israeli nuclear project. eventually, it was translated into a conventional rather than a nuclear attack but everything that happened on those three hours including the fact that the israelis were able to suppress a soviet signal that was also french equipment and i was french equipment for electronic warfare and it worked on the first hours of the war. so, france had a big role to play. they were not pleased by the results but they basically equipped israel a

so she returns to warsaw, it's winter in poland which is all by yourself what is she do? she follows her heart and she meets a young polish diplomat and as she describes it in her diary, rivers of icy vodka flow, he played japan, they would sit at night and huddled on the bear's again, tiger skin rug in front of a blazing fire. one night when she's in his arms he happens to mention something he's on the office that day. he said he saw document how poland has made an agreement with germany that germany is going to move into checklists of lucky and poland will not do anything about it. and she says yes and goes back to watching the fire the next morning when she goes back she picks up the phone and calls the british embassy and asks for the passport control officer. the passport control officer is a cover and a thing cover at best for the mi six their secret intelligence service man at the embassy. she calls me and says how would you like to play a round of golf today. it's the middle of winter and the greens and poland are never actually very good. in the german army is mo

but i take you from tuesday, 22 for example in warsaw, so tuesday, 22 for example in warsaw, so you hadp to 29 degrees or something is going on and those are billed widely across central and eastern parts of europe at this stage in the plymouth heat extends towards the agm. when i had in the greater rainfall as well even on this scale you can sense something is going on with these very livid colours indeed. all over the alpine region. at the extent to lombardy as well. they could be on wednesday we say up to 200 millimetres of rain falling, that will be a problem because it followed that market falls on heavy ground so fast flooding is problem. —— flash flooding is a problem. hello, i'm ros atkins, this is outside source. part of donald trump's travel ban will come into force. the supreme court has ruled that a 90—day ban on people travelling from six muslim majority countries can apply in some circumstances. iraqi forces are closing in on so called islamic state in the heart of mosul — one commander has said the battle could be over in days. the bbc has been on the front line. the figh

and in several discussions of the warsaw pact no less than three summits of the warsaw pact were diverted to the crisis in the middle east. many of them try to argue that it is a good sign for us to stop investing in other people and start investing ourselves in the eastern bloc. other were gung ho about using this opportunity to get even greater access. east germany was certainly one of those countries. also yugoslavia. i think reading those discussions is interesting. did hey, - do they have input in 1968? this is one of the reasons that the block fell apart. it was never integrated enough. final question. over here. >> thank you. i have two if you allow it. first is that there is a really interesting human element to the story which is the state of mind of many of the key players especially the israeli leaders. we already know about the state of mind and the start of this episode. i wonder if by any chance you are able to gain any other insights into what was going on there. the second question is you are clearly breaking a lot of dishes here. at least one of the reviews that i read be

some people thought nato should go the way of the warsaw pact and in its place we have to build something and untested and unproven a community that embraced with no true obligations imposed on anyone but others felt the challenges of eastern germany and europe had plenty of advice to open the institutions that they thought of as distant and foreign but helmut kohl understood backed by a blue print grounded of the institution for so long. he said your all called upon the new architecture and consider a splendid house and has risen. germany is united nato has three new members and the european union soon grow embraced nation's what a remarkable few years and has been. the story of helmut kohl is a 20th-century in goods born in a small city on the rhine and saw firsthand the ravages of the nazis. but the young man was? to see those possibilities in the postwar world. there the marshall plan he sought europeans and americans could do together to spread good will among young people. when he was only 16 he was one of the very first people to join the christian democratic union zero '02 46 was

and her husband had a very severe stroke in to say go back to warsaw for grow when the ambassador to a understand i am coming backnot h and i will be returning. so she follows her way word heart and has a polish diplomat and then tune set at night with that tiger n skin rug and then to see something they saw in thee office that day.greement so that germany moves into a justice of akia. -- check with slovakia. and then she picks up the phone to call the british the passport control officer is a secret intelligence officer for mi. and how would you like to play a round of golf? in the middle of winter in the greens were never good. and then to say sure why not? because they could speak on the golf course without anybody over hearing or attracted attention in. in with us spymasters for what they have to stay several days later to come back that london thinks this is great get all you can invent to become a spy with mi so with those spymasters here say spread your wings and move up higher and did not have romance is but adventures. and then to say as an aide to joseph he was a young and

pact, there is no longer any warsaw pact. the question is what for. and there is only one kind of answer. no matter says, this is the instrument of the u.s. foreign policy. and if somebody likes it, all right. that's the way should it be. but most importantly is that for the processes that nato has always been talking about, transformation of that treaty into a political organization as the kind of an organization which creates the elements of stability in the world. if that is the case, this is all right. but so far it doesn't happen that way. so far we are seeing the way the military infrastructure is expanding and nearing our borders. and this is something that cannot but concern us. this is something that we are stating and speaking about publicly. now in reference to the recent summit meeting, the united states demand from their allies to raise their military spending, and simultaneously this sign that nato is not going to attack anybody. but if you're not intending to take anybody, why should you increase your military

this is the little boy in the cloth cap during the suppression of the warsaw get to the and this is part of a document called the report maimed after the german commandant of the operation that put down the warsaw uprising. almost everybody has seen this photograph that takes in the interest in the holocaust. it appears in book after book.

geopolitical opportunity to create a europe whole and free, with the breakup union, collapse of the warsaw pact, reunification of germany. then it became not just arms control, it became a new geo-political reality in europe. lex i think we have time for one more for a yes, sir. reagan.entioned --t wondering, what the discussion there -- what if they had on the event question mark >> well there are several schools of thought about that. , as you may know, ken adelman, who was then director of the arms control, -- written a book about what there's a direct line between ofkjavik and the collapse the berlin wall command of the cold war. i don't see it that clearly. complex than implead -- led to the other. a very important turning point, because it opened the firstunity for time, real, substantial reductions in nuclear weapon, which we achieved and 87, the treaty that i helped negotiate a the early 90's, which had 50% reduction in the strategically intercontinental range of nuclear weapons. process has continued, and unfortunately, not as rapidly as i would like it to have. the end of the col

opportunity to create a europe whole and free, with the breakup of the soviet union, collapse of the warsaw pact, reunification of germany. then it became not just arms control, it became a new geo-political reality in europe. >> i think we have time for one more for a yes, sir. >> you mentioned reagan. just wondering, what the -- discussion there -- what if they had on the event they came later? >> well there are several schools of thought about that. my good friend, as you may know, ken adelman, who was then director of the arms control, has written a book about what -- it makes it argues there's a direct line between reykjavik and the collapse of the berlin wall and the in of the cold war. -- and the end of the cold war. i don't see it that clearly. i think it was more complex than to simply suggest that one step led to the other. reykjavik was a very important turning point, because it opened the opportunity for the first time, real, substantial reductions in nuclear weapon, andh we achieved in 1987 achieved with the treaty i helped negotiate in the early which had a 50% reduction in th

poland above the continent in fact that was decided it was decided last year in warsaw user remember and the reason is very simple. some governments of the elias say that they wanted to have some military presence because there's no nato because the older why there would be assault got to go to be the member states that was doing these a which was a bible of the oldest and i know that at these i figure on their way sounds bold deployments and that bottom euro but i figure again this is rather symbolic and it is more it does more the political meaning that a military one and anyway don't forget this is a rotation so he's a soldier who are going to say the most pressure all the. doubt if the but i would not go beyond that. nato calls its approach to russia a combination of defense and dialogue however while she doesn't see nato as deployments on its borders as the defense does that mean there is not going to be any min in full dialogue either. oh you know i think they'll be better because this is an important point this question that you ask is a very bold one what i think is that ther

official who says trump expects to meet with putin during the july trip which will include a stop in warsawwelcomed the president of romania today. answering questions with the romanian leader by his side, he said he will not allow congressional testimony by former f.b.i. james comey to derail his agenda. president trump: no collusion, no obstruction. he is a leaker. we want to get back to running our great country. jobs. trade deficits, we want them to disappear fast. north korea, a big problem. middle east, a big problem. that is what i am focused on. that is what i have been focused on. alisa: the president also says comey lied in his senate testimony and he would be willing to testify under oath. senior russian lawmakers are dismissing comey's testimony is insignificant. the deputy says accusations of russian interference in last year's u.s. presidential election are in attempt to worsen the relationship between washington and moscow. prime minister theresa may has apologized to her conservative party after her failed electoral gamble to secure a greater majority in the u.k. parliament.

most important factors in europe is what you were describing, after the berlin wall fell and the warsaw package became free of soviet domination. they had choices to make and they had very difficult choices to make and what pushed their political leaders, their economic leaders to make choices that aligned with our world view, with the liberal rules based world order to insist on less corruption and more transparency to support human rights and to tolerate journalists and even celebrate them were those were conditions of admission to the eu and/or nato and the pull of this enormous stable, prosperous market was a very attractive force. >> a question a whole group of us have been debating several republicans and democrats is for the arc of fragile states that are on the edge of either stabilizing and advancing or being in worse shape, what is that poll for nigeria, for senegal, for egypt, for -- you can think of a whole crescent of states that are significant for this half century, but where there isn't currently a comparable club of countries, certainly not on their borders which they m

it's the russians, syria and iran playing their own game as the warsaw pact did. we're helping to organize our size as an arab nato, treaty organization. what we're not doing well, defining what we want to accomplish. >> i thought we want al-assad gone. >> it's aspirational. we cannot just remove him and leave syria in chaos. we did that in libya. >> did the same thing in iraq and got out. >> right. >> you see where that lead. so i hear you. we need a game plan in place. is there nothing? are you saying they have no plan for this? >> i've talked to very senior pentagon leaders. we have not been able to achieve under the obama white house and the trump white house is better but not complete about thinking things through what is next? we get al-assad, what is next? figure out do we wish to achieve and what is the cost? american lives being jeopardized for what? we have to figure out what we wish to achieve and seek to use all of resources and leveraging other resources to achieve that. >> one thing that stuns me, we've been around the problem for a while. we know th

war to assess against the soviet union and the classic chessboard conflict is between nato and the warsaw pact and you're still imagining national armies clashing with each other versus now, and, of course, it starts in vietnam with irregular forces, guerrilla forces. in modern war for any military now even called hybrid warfare is much more you're not quite sure who your fighting. they are networked. you must be networked to respond to them, but at the same time have to be prepared to fight. some military will he has been on the front lines of this transition. i found myself often in the state department frustrated that it was such a hierarchy, and what you want to buil be able to even within government was to pull together a kind of network of experts and people who knew what you need to know. the way he did this at the nationals get accounts of, but we were still very much a lease at the state department, geared much more towards state to state world then there were the world of the web. i'll just say secretary clinton and president obama tried to change that in terms of appointing spe

charlie: there used to be the warsaw pact. mr. burns: right, but today they don't. we need to invest in those. of course they have to change. of course our european partners has to do more for, defense. and there are issues that are not nation-state, but are transnational, like climate. mr. burns: an increasingly, fujian's -- food insecurity, water insecurity. the administration of george w. bush deserves credit for the initiative that has brought the of a to the edge generation. cyber issues are going to be an increasing challenge. in the nuclear field, there were not any rules of the road to deal with this phenomenon. the united states took the lead in trying to develop those kinds of morals of the road to manage this. we will have to do the same thing on cyber issues. charlie: give me your assessment of peyton. -- putin. mr. burns: he's like any leader, a fault. he is a combination of greed, and security, and ambition. in the 1990's, putin felt that the west was taking advantage of russia's weakness. but he has put that attitude and a more punishes form, and he i

he was using the warsaw test which was a time to help understand psychotherapist. so far at least in this happy with the vietcong fighter that ink blocks veiled to release any insights into the fighter. he asked the viacom fighter to go through the parts and identify something sexual. nothing. than he has the fighter to find anything that reminded him of a person. nothing again. slope seemed puzzled that an imprisoned vietcong fighter being interviewed by a man interviewed-- interviewing him about his life-- the man was elected to even touch the card. speaking of archives i found out verbatim interview of this back-and-forth in the archives at mit which goes to the question of how do you write its history and there's actually a lot declassified and also have a collection run a country, so this is what the fighter replied acquainted the interview: i don't understand these pictures, so i don't know which ones i like or dislike. slope spent seven weeks in vietnam in which time he collected data on for vietnamese, a french educated writer, a student activist, a senior

two days before, he proposed nato and warsaw pacts. proposed that both sides verify as well. that address came five years ago and now in 1987, further discussions are being held on nuclear and conventional weapons, as well. as he did in 1982, he is expected to make another major policy speech today. >> and now, the president is on his second trip. we go to rebecca easley for details. we are broadcasting live. just let's plane has landed, air force one. the president should be coming off the plane. , and theres. reagan the unitedident of states, ronald reagan, and his wife, nancy. the president is being greeted -- as i stated, the u.s. ambassador to west germany. he is joined in his greeting i governing mayor deacon. mitchell isl u.s. asng the welcoming party well as the french commandant and his wife, matalin. -- madeline. the president of the house of representatives of the city of berlin, the state secretary of the federal republic of germany, and the airport commander. the president and his wife, as you can see, are going through the reception line right now. it is a beaut

at the heart of our political system, than they ever did with divisions of tanks, you know, in the warsawt. we have to take a very firm stand against this very quickly. can key cel everything you saying, it resonates so well with so many people because many people have said that the enemy will try to defeat us from within. >> that's right. can. kelly: and try to penetrate us from within our own m of government. and almost so from the standpoint of being able to have bragging rights and basically have argument the united states are not so big and bad, they're not so free and democratic after all. which is what putin wanted to do. he wanted to have bragging rights, it would appear. so this president, now that he's revealed it is not a hoax, that it is real, what do you think president trump will have to say to vladimir putin on the phone? >> well, i think both -- there's two things. domestically, i would love to see president trump, you know, look at the congress, look at the american people and say there was nothing there in terms of these accusations of collusion. let these investigations

charlie: there used to be the warsaw pact. mr. burns: right, but today they don't.e need to invest in those. of course they have to change and adapt and our european partners need to do more for our common defense. charlie: and there are issues that are not nation-state, but are transnational, like climate. national security issues. mr. burns: an increasingly, food insecurity, water insecurity, global health issues. the administration of george w. bush deserves credit for the initiative that has brought not just africa, but the rest of the globe to the edge of a generation. those were really important things for the united states. cyber issues are going to be an increasing challenge. in the nuclear field 60 years ago there were not any rules of , the road to deal with this phenomenon. the united states took the lead in trying to develop those kinds of rules of the road to manage this. we will have to do the same thing on cyber issues. charlie: give me your assessment of putin. is he different today? mr. burns: like any leader, any human being, he has you vault. he i

. >> rose: there used to be the warsaw pact. >> right, but today they don't. so we need to invest in those over time. of course they have to change and a dament and of course our european partners need to do more for our common defense. but the united states needs to make clear the priority we attach to those alliances. >> rose: and then there are those issues that are not nation state but that are transnational. >> right. >> there are climate. >> rose: national security issues. >> they are. and increasingly food and security, water and security, global health issues. i mean the administration of george w. bush deserves enormous creddity for launching the-- initiative which has brought not just africa but most to the edge at least to the-- generation. those are really important things for the united states to lee. cyberissues are going to be an increasing challenge. in the nuclear field 60 years ago there weren't any rules of the road to deal with this hugely important phenomenon. the united states took the lead in trying to develop those kind of rules of the

in 2014, he had been serving his deputy military attache at the russia embassy in warsaw, poland. but after a scandal involving the russian spy network within the polish government, the polish government identified shishmarkov as a g.r.u. agent, declared him person non grata and ejected him from poland. after taking over the montenegro operation, he moved quickly to contact the serbian nationalist. the two had met back in 2014 when they discussed their opposition to the e.u. and nato. shishmarkov also offered to help support the serbian group which promotes close relations between russians and serbs and opposes nato and the government of montenegro. the two met again in moscow in 2015. this time shishmarkov had the other submitted to a polygraph test that lasted for hours. after the test went well, sendulak was sent home with $5,000 and a promise to contact him if something urgent came up. that was in the spring of 2016. shishmarkov wrote to sendulak that the prime minister and his government must be removed immediately and that the people of montenegro must rebel in order for thi

shiroko was the assistant at the russian embassy in warsaw and he was declared persona non grata for espionage. the whereabouts are unknown. russian authorities never provided information about the suspects. it's the culmination of more than 18 months long synchronized actions againstmont negro which includes an adwressive media campaign, coupled with supports to pro-russian political parties in montenegro. while russia has been -- they , they never have never specified what their intentions are. but for example when montenegro joined nato recrenly at the beginning of june, it was commanded that in response to montenegro's anti-russian hysteria and hostile policy russia reserves the right to take reciprocal measures. there are more than 100 moscow-backed organizations and media outlets at this moment in the region. in an anti-montenegro media campaign, the nato invitation is described as a move to challenge moscow. the montenegro government is labeled treacherous -- and russia and nato stronger than ever. the church is utilized to promote the wills of orthodox christianity and presen

example, shir oko was posted at the assistant military attache at the russian military embassy in warsaw and he was declared persona non-grata for espionage. the whereabouts are unknown. where russian authorities can never reply or provided information about the suspect. the plot is the culmination of more than 18 months, long synchronized actions against montenegro, which includes an aggressive media campaign, coupled with open supports to pro-russian political parties in montenegro. while russia has been consistent in making threatening gestures over montenegro's nato bid, they have never specified what their intentions are. but for example, when montenegro joined nato recently, at the beginning of june, moscow commented that in response to montenegro's anti-russian hysteria and hostile policy, russia reserves the right to take reciprocal measures. there are more than 100 moscow-backed organizations and media outlets at this moment in the region. in an anti-montenegro media campaign, the nato invitation is described as a move to challenge moscow. the montenegrin government is labelled