was brought to washington. washington interviews him, at night, alone. and then, washington leaves him imprisoned with a guard. but the guy -- honeyman was able to escape. make it back to trenton. tell the hessians all about his terrible ordeal. and then say don't worry about washington. his guys are dying across the river and they are not going to be able to attack you. spreads all this misinformation and then -- and then -- and then, of course, the battle of trenton happens and they're all captured. now, we don't have any evidence from the time period that this actually happened. now, john honeyman was a real person. and -- and he was known as a torrey. now, was he a spy or not? descendants and family tradition says he was and that's one of the reasons why, after the war, he is not one of these that's kicked out of the state or his property's confiscated. and he actually does pretty well after. he was a spy. he helped washington. and -- and -- and so, he was -- he was rewarded for that. but there is no documentation to back this up. washington was know

washington decided to retreat. only take you back in time to august 29, august 30 there been a massive nor'easter that he pelted both armies the siege linesman creeping forward into brooklyn heights. in the army was closer and closer to annihilating the american army. washington decides to escape the gather all the boats that are in manhattan and man those boats. the east river at the time was swirling, the wind was not cooperatingg. sends an enslaved individual within the household. this individual, wonders up on some soldiers who speak german. not arsenic was trying to say unfortunately. it is not even know it until a couple hours or the evacuation of pull off one ofer the greatest demand the boats as they manned the boats the wind is not cooperates. the tides areth horrendous. but there is something very special about these men. they worked together for years at the grand banks. fishing the grand banks the mos treacherous waters of the world. what makes them unique as they are arguably the first diverse regiment

but one of the difference was that people today often forget that washington, often see washington as being about politics. but washington was really a very good politician. he was almost unsurpassed in his political skills. clinton acknowledged openly, even though he had actually held a seat in the house of commons at one time, he acknowledged that he was not a very good politician. he was just like a fish out of water in that regard. so there were some similarities end there were some differences. i have forgotten what the last part -- >> who would you like -- who would you serve under? >> oh, okay. well, that's a tough question. i guess that we depend on your rank and whatever, but i think i would've served under either, either man really. i mean, i think clinton was a good general. neither of these guys were bloodthirsty. neither sent their men into battle in hopeless situations and squandered troops. and both of them were trying to preserve life. i think both, it is both i think had humanitarian qualities about them, but also because neither -- both had so many shortages. both fa

this statue you see here stands in washington, d.c., at washington circle. supposed to show this moment. was this true? did washington actually ride up that close to british soldiers and survive? i'd be interested to see what you think, if you think this is part of washington lore, a myth, or is this, in fact, truth? did he actually do this? about 60% of you say yes. 40% of you say no. this is, in fact, true. washington, who is renowned for his ability to expose himself in danger, at the battle of princeton, on the battlefield there, the americans were being overrun. they're being driven back. a couple of artillery pieces are holding off the 17th regimen afoot. it looks for a moment like this whole campaign is going to break down, when who rides in? washington on his horse. he rides right up into the fleeing men. he says, "parade with us, my brave fellows. there is but a handful of the enemy, and we will have them directly." he rides out and starts leading the men forward, orders a fire, and then rides up in between the british and the american lines. we kno

that's washington, as everybody nos, walton and theo payne and here is another one of washington, but here is sir henry clinton. clinton became the commander of the british army, learned of his appointment in may of 1778. he was the third british commander during the war. gage had been there before the revolution, before the war, and was recalled after the disaster along concord road and at bunker hill. and general william howell succeeded him and he was commander in '76 and '77 and resigned after saratoga. so clinton, who had -- he was then named the commander and he will be the commander of the british army from may of 78 through and a little beyond yorktown. i found clinton an interesting figure. he was from an aristocratic family in england. his father was a career naval officer who became the royal governor of new york and young henry, when he was still growing up, spent some of his formative years in new york city. he joined the british army as a teenager and he fought in two wars before the revolutionary war. and he earned a reputation as a brave, courageous, risk taking soldie

it was washington. i think it was the creativity the innovation to think outside of the box., so here for the proms i focus on trade number one comment the government was not going to endure. as soon as the revolutionary war was ending and march of 1783 at the headquarters in newburgh, along the hudson in new york there was a mutiny. a newburghha conspiracy. and as david noted and bust out in his book, their efforts to remove washington. washington is realizing just as we are ready to seize victory were going to snatch feet from jaws of victory. that in june of 1780 as a mutiny in philadelphia group of u unpaid veterans drunks pull out of pubs in philly and they surround and dependence hall threating to grab people in civil this oak obedience. and this scares the hell out of washington per heat realizes the government may not endure, we are in debt that's the first one way to do about the government? the second problem is factions and sectionalism. we are already seeing the north, south rift. the federa

it's washington's job to interpret what's accurate. so washington panics. he rushes three divisions to the north, adam stephens division, lord sterling's division. they're going to take a round-about route to come up on the hill there. john sullivan's own division is going to cut cross-country to try to link up with the other two divisions. they are facing william howe, an overall commander of the british army. this division specifically is commanded by charles cornwall las. several things are going to happen pretty rapidly. moses hazen's guys have to sneak back to link back up with sullivan's main division, but most important -- and i kind of alluded to this being a problem earlier -- when sullivan was ordered north by washington, he was told to take overall command of this new wing, meaning all three of these divisions which means sullivan was going to have to leave command of his own division in command of our french friend brood home de borre whom we talked about earlier. we're setting ourselves up for disaster here in case you're not picking up on it.

, told this story to washington's adopted grandson, george washington, and says that washington wrote up in between the lines, and gave another order to fire. at this moment, the british leveller muskets, both sides opened fire, fitzgerald puts a hat over his eyes so he doesn't see washington cut down in front of him. he lifts his hat, the smoke clears, and there is washington, unscathed, riding up and down the line. this is repeated throughout the army. there's a great letter from a pennsylvania soldier, writing to his wife a few days after saying, when i saw him, free of all the dangers of the field, his important life, hanging as it were, by one hair, with 1000 deaths flying around him, believe me, i thought not of myself. and the americans are able to level their bayonet's, charge forward, and drive the british away. this moment is so important in the washington's story, he almost becomes a hero overnight. it's solidified a bond between washington, and his men, there, at princeton, that he was willing to do anything for the cause, and they were willing to follow him anywhere. so,

but that is not what washington does. so about noon a report comes directly to washington. this one does not come from sullivan. that embody of troops under the lieutenant has skirmish with the flanking column out here west of the brandy wine. washington decides he can trust james ross, a pennsylvania officer who's likely serving with maxwell's brigade and was out on a routine patrol. and ran in to the flank man. his father is oh for a sign of the declaration of independence. washington feels like he can trust this report. so he says, well, i guess the report was right. he still hasn't heard anything from bland. i base all in this report confirming with haze has told him. washington decides to do an attack across the brandy wine against the force on the other side. i don't honestly know if it was wise. but it's going to happen, we will find out in a second. these are the orders he gives. aliments about john sullivan's division and knit daniel greene's division are going to start across the brandy wine. and engage elements of the british army. it's just starting to escalate,

washington's army was defeated. the marylanders i wrote a book called washington's immortal, more precious in our history and any other washington with a desperate action, washington's army retreat at brooklyn heights the british army which surrounded the american army there was about two come up the river and the lines were creeping forward, it was a perilous time or my time in history where all could be lost. washington had a decision toen make, retreat or fight. washington widely decided to retreat at this is a time when all could be lost. an army surrounded and destroyed and it was everything rested upon the shoulders of the man in the book i wrote about. washington decided to retreat, they had to cross a mile long river, east river and let me just take you back in time to august 29, 30th, thursday massive eastern helping both armies for two days straight after the battle at brooklyn. the lines have been creeping forward into the american position at heights and the army course closer and closer to unveiling the

fans in washington, d.c. washington y2k -- can washington actually line up that ghourmts nrmgts -- if you think pass thrts ever washing mc -- or is this in football naushlg. so about 50% of you say question and 40% of you say no. this is in fact trow. washington. on the battled field there the americans were being overrun. they are being driven back and a couple of artillery pieces are holding off the 17th regiment a foot, and it looks for a moment like this whole campaign is going to break down and who rides in, washington on his horse. he rides right up into the fleeing men. he says parade with us, my brauf fellas, there's but a handful of the enemy and we will have them directly. he rides out and starts leading the men forward and orders a fire and then rides up in between the british and the american line and we know that this is true. actually alexandria and colonel john fitzgerald, who was with washington at this time, told this story to washington's adopted grandson, and he says washington rode up in b

washington's army was defeated. the marylanders who i drew a book called washington's immortals had bought us an hour more precious in our history than any other where washington with a rearguard action washington's army was able to retreat into fortifications at brooklyn heights. the british army which had surrounded the american army there was about to come up with the east river and also siege lines were creeping forward. it was a perilous time. it was a time in our history when all could be lost. washington had a decision to make. was he going to retreat or fight and washington decided to retreat. this is the time when all could be lost. the entire army could be surrounded and destroyed and everything rested upon the shoulders of the men in the book that i've written about, the marblehead men. washington decided to retreat and he had to cross a mile long river, the east river and this is -- let me take you back in time to august 30 . there had been a massive nor'easter that had pelted both armies for two days st

thomas paine after the war in the 1790s wrote a pamphlet attacking washington but argued that washington slept in the field as he put it and the real winners of the war were generals horatio gates and nathaniel green. washington was generally enacted during much of that time in the clinton was far more active and i think that the most devastating thing, the most devastating attack or appraisal came about almost 75 years ago but was still read by scholars today and many still accepted that it was a study made by clinton's biographer in conjunction with a clinical psychologist. but that they had a deep subliminal psychological problems that prevented him from acting on the power that he had and frankly i think the argument is malarkey not that i am a particular photo of the history but they were obviously unable to put clinton on the couch it would have opened up a window to so i think clinton's reputation suffered from that. [inaudible] i closed the door so mine can to get in the room but anyway, i think that study should be filed away. he certainly made mistakes. i recognized that in the

what did washington say? i spread the misfortune principally to the information of mayor spiro, the militia officer we talked about, transmitted to you. yet i never blamed you. i should have held you culpable and concealing. the major's rank gave him full credit and attention. it was unfortunate but it was not your fault the intelligence was found to be erroneous. so, washington doesn't blame them. and what ultimately happens? there will be a series of court marshals of army officers in germantown. of those four generals go through this, sullivan, william maxwell at paoli, and adam stephens. of the four all three are exonerated, including sullivan. and only adam steven is found guilty and cast from the army. but that's a topic for another day. so, sullivan gets out. he's exonerated. the details of how are a little hazy. did washington get involved? was his gathered testimony too overwhelming? or did thomas bourk -- he was a north carolina congressman, he was sort of the ringleader of the investigation by cong

washington will cap john of south carolina. he will come back to philadelphia this time and actually serve as chief justice. however, he's appointed to the recess of congress. so technically the senate hasn't confirmed him, but he serves a session of the court as chief justice and leads them through some cases. when the senate comes back later that year to return to session, they then take up the question of approving john. george washington never had anyone rejected that he's appointed. this has never happened in our young history. he has a couple things going against him. number one, there are guys in the senate looking to get a little crazy. he's had some kind of strange things he's had to say at different times in the year of 1790. he's got a bit of a kind of reputation among some people. but also where he's going to get into trouble as he made some very pointed comments about the jay treaty negotiated by his predecessor. he was very critical in some speeches. they tended to be rambling speeches. he was very critical some o

but the person delivering the message to washington could not find washington that night. they still went. glover's men push them across and against all odds a conductor the retreat. at that time the wind changed in the favor of americans and glover's men could transport the army across the east river and almost onees dozen times against all odds and as dawn was coming a miraculous fog appeared and screened the movements of the army and they delivered nearly 10000 men delivered to safety. so the british land again those marble headers take a stand and hear that washington is when the british are attacking he is frozen in time somebody literally has to bring him out of the battle as the british are advancing towards him hundreds of yards away. marble headers make a stand as the army melts away the marble headers make a desperate stand and then they could reform with a small victory. the marble headers are involved in some interesting operations during this time period where they conduct raids but the marble headers in many ways are a precursor to special operations units we

>> washington and as everybody knows and here is another one out of washington but here is sir henry and became the commander of the british army and learned of his appointment may 1778 he was the third british commander during the war. gage had been there many years before the revolution or before the war and was recalled after the disasters along concorde road and bunker hill. and generalals william howell succeeded he was commander in 76 and 77 and resigned after the senators so clinton was then named the commander and would be the commander of the british army may through 78 beyond yorktown. i find clinton an interesting figure his father was a career naval officer who became the governor of new york and considered young henry when he wass growing up, set some of his formative years in new york city. he joined the british army as a teenager in fought two wars before the revolutionary war and earned a reputation as a brave and courageous risk-taking b soldier who was seriously wounded and in fact in the engagement in january and the seven years war in 1760 he was intellectually cu

washington's army was defeated. the managers wrote called washington's immortal and it's more precious in our history than a hundred other. washington's army was able to retreat into fortification in brooklyn heights. the produce army which surrounded the american army there was about to come up the east river and the lines were peeping forward, it was a perilous time, a time in history for all could be lost. washington had a decision to make. was he going to retreat or fight? washington wisely decided to retreat and this is a time when all could be lost. the entire army could be surrounded and destroyed and everything rested upon the shoulders of the men in the book written about. washington decided to retreat, he had to cross a mile-long river, east river and let me take you back in time to august 29, 30th, a massive eastern cap health of both armies two days straight after the portal battle of brooklyn. they had been creeping forward into the american position at brooklyn heights and house army was closer and clo

washington channel is a narrow waterway the between the shoreline of washington dc. and what is today east potomac park? sediment and silk builds up and to keep it navigable they developed this tidal basin so that twice a day 250 million gallons of water is released from the tidal basin down through the washington channel. flushes the sediment away. there are two bridges that give access to the tidal basin. there is the inlet bridge where the water comes in and there is the outlet bridge where the water goes out. each of those bridges has gates on the underside of them. title action closes the inlet gates in the morning when the tidal basin is full at the same time the title action opens the outlet gate and lets the water go out and as the tides change each day a day day in and day out the title action opens and closes the gates to let the water in and let the water out. the cherry trees were the inspiration of washington writer by the name of eliza skidmore. she had visited. pan in 1884 and seen the cherry trees there had seen what a what a wonderful scene they crea

our history than any other where washington with the action washington's army was able to retreat into fortification at brooklyn heights the british army which had surrounded the american armymy was about to coe up the east river and also the lines were creeping forward it was a peerless time in a time in our history where all can be lost washington had a decision to make was he going to retreat or fight washington decided to retreat this is a time when all can be lost the entire army could be surrounded and destroyed everything rested upon the shoulders of the marblehead men washington decided to retreat he handed across the mile-long river the east river and let me take you back in time to august 29 and august 30 there was a massive nor'easter that pelted both armies for two days straight after the battle of brooklyn this seems like heavene creeping forward into the american position at brooklyn heights in the army was closer and closer to annihilating the american army washingtone decis to escape john glover basically gather all of the boat to manhattan and they man those boats and

even more criticism of washington.at point that president of congress said but then congress could have ditched washington as these critics wanted. and then with that political chaos to ruin the war effort. and then to launch a campaign to make washington and iconic figure and to elevate him and to celebrate washington's birthday annually.im but clinton ran into a lot of criticism. but then all the professors and then the administrators so i think that same sort of thing went on in the british army and among the americans. there were issuess over promotion and people that got left out were unhappy. so both of them ran into a great deal of criticism. but there were plenty of differences between them and then you mentioned why washington was a leader i think he was a better leader than clinton but this is a time period to study the roles and the average american male was 5-foot 7 inches to all tall he was only 5-foot 8 inches in world war ii. and hadn't changed much. so six-foot 4 inches tall he towered over other people

but the person that was delivering the message to washington couldn't find washington.l went and glover's men push them across and against all odds they conducted the retreat. at that time, the wind changed in the favor of americans. and glover's men were able to transport the army across the east river. in one case remarked almost a dozen times against all odds. and as dawn was coming, a miraculous fog appeared. it screamed, continued to screen the movements of the army as it was crossing . and john glover and his marblehead men from massachusetts delivered the army to safety. nearly 10,000 men were delivered to safety . this is one reason makes them indispensable. they saved enthe army time but it would be one of many situations. literally two weeks later the british land again at kips bay. and it's the marbleheaders make a stand. washington is even catatonic and as the british are attacking his horse, he and his horse are frozen in time. only has to come and bring them out of the battle of the british are advancing towards him literally hundreds of yards away. the ma

and washington's army forced the american center, he could destroy washington andnd washington's armyat would end the rebellion. he obviously was not able to accomplish that. there is not able to get victory. he can't get that final decisive victory. after that, i would think the workers into that different phase where it goes down to the south and then youma really have more of a counter insurgency like conflict. i think by then, i think only the americans could have beat themselves at that time. that is my personal assessment. when you look at how saratoga campaign played out, one of the options that he does present, which he presents in a throwaway apricot manner is one thing we could do what to use the navy, load up the troops in canada, settled them back to new york and to reinforce, have us army in fact army could have been able to track down destroy them. that doesn't happen p obviously but i think that was their best opportunity. it does goo back to what he was talking about, the strategy, i think their strategy failed them in that respect in 1777. i argue that in the book as

he was counting on skyler in washington was much more focused but had he gone up the hudson washington would have been compelled to follow. >> it would have been very interesting to see what the military results would have been with something like that. great question. host: this is a complement from a member of our audience. david says your book is excellent. i will be using it on age of the hudson this summer as a guide in the campaign with your accounts of the battle. and that is the finest i have read. thank you. >> i made my week. >> greetings from troy a new york as a lifelong hudson valley resident with an interesting presentation and to be complementary. something that we have not covered with the role of militia. as the people who emphasized with the british defeat and then they argue a lot of military battles in your account is an excellent example. and then to be very effective and to understand them better so this is a mess perpetuated with that conventional battle and that plays into the idea of that armed citizenry so how do you see them militia? >> i think they are criti

that is washington as everybody knows and here is another one of washington.e is her henry clinton from you and clinton became the commander of the british army in light of his appointment and may of 1778. he was the third british commander during the war. negation printed for many years was revolution and the work. and was recalled after the disaster along the road and have bunker hill and general william howe succeeded him and how was commander in 3637 have resigned after saratoga. the clinton within the commander can be the commander then of the british army from may of 78 through a little bit beyond that yorktown. i found quite an interesting figure. he with her aristocratic family in england and his father was a career naval officer who became the royal governor of new york and young henry, when he was still going out, the only active years in new york city. he enjoyed the british army teenager. and he fought in two wars. or. reputation as a brave and courageous risk-taking soldier. he was seriously wounded in fact and engagement in germany and the seven

that is washington is everyone knows, and here is another one of washington. but here is her henry clinton. he became unlearned of his appointments in may of 1778. he was the third british commander during the war. gage had been there for many years before the revolution, before the war. and was recalled aftersh the disasters along concorde road and at bunker hill. and general william howe succeeded him. how was commander and 76 and 77 and resigned after saratoga. so clinton, who was then named the commander. he will be the commander of the british army from may 78 through and a little bit beyond yorktown. i found clinton and interesting figure. he's from an aristocratic family in england, his father was a career naval officer who became the royal governor of new york and young henry was still growing up spent some of his formative years in new york city he joined the british army as a teenager and fought into wars before the revolutionary war. and he earned a reputation as a brave, courageous, risk-taking soldier who was seriously wounded. in fact in an engag

but now washington substance, you do.n, he understands 24 dive printed in the joint or die appears in may of 1754 and on the same page, is actually reference to the young officer george washington. benjamin franklin talking about george washington and age 22 predict and understand this from a military point of view and list the colonies hang together, in 1776 they're done for. so the continental ideas and whose at his right hand throughout the american revolution. basically are pretty early on, alexander hamilton. to borrow a phrase, alexander hamilton american. he isn't just about john adamsts the way might be or virginia with a jefferson and james madison. alexander hamilton does not have or as a single loyalty to anyone state. although he and sub coming to new york pretty comes from abroad and he loves america as a tries to help someone into existence and a key idea is union, join or die. national security and if we do not create an indivisible he union which is what washington is advocating in the early 1780s and so i

and washington was much more focused with the army with how is doing and going up the hudson washingtonould have been compelled to follow. it would have been very interesting to see what w the military results would have been with something like that. great question. >> so this is a complement from a member of the audience i your book is excellent i will use it on a trip this summer as a a guide to follow the campaign as a hobbyist account your book to be the finest i haveve read. thank you. >> thank you very much. >> greetings from troy new york as a lifelong resident thank you the appreciation of our history and the interesting presentation so something that we have not covered is the rogue militia you have two schools of people that emphasize the role the militia plays in the british defeat. and essentially the army school argues a lot of military battles like yorktown is an excellent example and is critical to bring down the british army to be effective and nathanael greene understand them better than anyone. and yet it is perpetuated by the patriot who has a conventional battle and

and washington may have felt that way. in the case of clinton, clinton acknowledged she was very shy, and not outgoing. he made one of the strangest comments ever made by any historical figure,. [laughter] [inaudible] [laughter] anyway, neither of them were really outgoing. but clinton i think made friends more easily than washington. who in a sense may never have had a really close friend in the sense of the word throughout his life. but both the clinton and washingtonth were brave, courageous men under fire. i am always amazed at the battle when washington was riding on horseback, writing right into british soldiers who were firing at him. they were no further away from him than a picture is from a batter on a baseball diamond. that is pretty close to not flinch. as i said clinton had earned a reputation before this and again during the revolution as somebody who was courageous under fire. both of them i think faced similar problems during the war and that both had problems with supplies. oath had a lack money, lack of t

and why did you come to washington? basically because i learned that the government had lied to the american people lied about the basis for the war. and i was terribly angered by that educated myself and decided that i had to go. what was it like when you got here? of i stayed with friends at georgetown and got assigned to dupont circle as a new yorker. and having been at other protests i had the model that people would be. warned and if you don't leave you'll be arrested. and it was not nothing like that. uh, the police just swept in and grabbed us up quite before we knew was going on. and when you were grabbed by the police. tell us about that. what did they do? where did they put you? and it was a rather surreal evening as the sun went down. they distributed blankets and rolling tobacco. so i'm looking around at all these long hairs in blankets. uh smoking what looked like joints and it it betrayed one thing and then as you is yeah, i brought my eyes up. uh, there a guard towers. and people with shotguns and barbed

washington will eventually tap john rutledge of south carolina. rutledge will come back to philadelphia this time and actually serve as chief justice, however, he is appointed during a recess of congress and so technically the senate hasn't confirmed him but he actually serves a session of the court as chief justice and leads them through some cases when the senate comes back later this year to return to session they take up the question of approving john rutledge. george washington has never had anyone rejected that he has appointed so this has never happened in our young history. john rutledge has a couple things going against him, number one, there are guys in the senate that think the guy is a little crazy, he's definitely had some kind of strange things that he has had to say at different times in the years of 1790s so he's got a bit of a kind of reputation amongst some people but also where he's going to get into trouble is he made some very pointed comments about that jay treaty that was negotiated by his predecessor. he was very critical i

host: why did you come to washington?caller: i learned the government had lied to the american people, lied about the basis of the war, and i was terribly angered by that. i educated myself and decided that i had to go. host: what was it like when you got here? i stayed -- caller: i stayed with friends at georgetown and got to dupont circle as a new yorker. i had the model that people would be warned. if you do not leave you will be arrested. it was nothing like that. police just swept in, grabbed us up before we knew what was going on. host: when you were grabbed by the police, tell us about that. where did they put you? caller: they initially put us in the prison yard at the d.c. prison. it was a rather surreal - filled every jail in the city. nobody could even sit down and we were kept in there for hours. many were taken to the yard that neil described. the overflow was taken to this football practice field and ultimately many ended up inside this arena. thousands of people, maybe most of them were swept up while they

federal city of washington the president asked after the young builder soon james hoban appeared in washington's philadelphia office with his credentials in hand by 1792 hoban was at work on the building site having won the competition for the design the president's house. washington had placed him in charge of the entire project all carpentry stonemasonry masonry and brickwork under his supervision. the resulting structure accomplished in time for president john adams to take residents in november of 1800 fulfilled washington's vision and is today one of the most recognizable landmarks in the world. yet of the millions of people who know the white house most like president washington are likely to find hoban's work. more memorable than his name. james hoban the man is in fact somewhat elusive with only one portrait known to have been made during his life and that was actually a silhouette. we only see half of his face. his birthplace in ireland was demolished as were his home on f street in washington and days art court the grand irish country house that influenced his work. his first design co

i did go to some protests in washington, d.c., and i remember the beach boys, but i was not at that protest. after all the things that happened, including kent state shootings the year before and the subsequent national student strike, after all of that, mr. nixon said business as usual. and i felt so i dejected, i guess, because it seemed like all this effort was put forth, but yet it wasn't getting through. >> i'm gonna stop at that point. lawrence roberts? >> you know, one of the enduring questions of this time is too wet extent to the anti war movement, the vietnam anti-war movement stop the war, shorten the war, constrain the military? you in the war, and historians debate this, because it's hard to say what would have happened if there were no anti war movement. i think there's no question if you listen to the nixon tapes and if you look at the documents, if you study the johnson administration as well, there is no question that the anti war movement, the domestic opposition to the war, constrained the military from doing

she's showing for judge washington the first american flag george washington. that was george washington didn't friend. he was only a soldier then he came a present president. george washington gave her a plan how she should make it the first american flag the stars weren't in a roded. they were only in a circle. george washington lived in washington better organized in philadelphia the two rods was his friend. he had seven children. but who is this sitting because when she's sewing she can't stand her legs were hurt when george washington has a gun because he was only a soldier. you are you? even small children can learn to use the animators camera. and when they filmed their drawings flamed by frame the own liveliness makes the pictures grow before our eyes. this is george washington's flag made by betty rose and this is george, washington's canyon his cherry tree. this is a american flag. this is a boy scout when banned weather comes then you should take the american flag down. that's a all about american flag. when you see a parade marching with american fl

of the washington times herald.ing married to her daughter open the doors to high society and gave him a lot of leeway around washington. it helped when he was getting started as a columnist. that marriage lasted two years. they had a daughter but she was a free spirit and did not want to be confined in marriage. a little later, he married the ex-wife of his best friend in washington, which ruined the friendship along the way. she shared his interest in politics. she had the velvet touch. pearson could ruffle feathers and she could smooth them out. if the washington post was irritated or embarrassed, his wife was playing bridge with -- catherine graham and her father. she helped his career considerably. the only thing they disagreed on was during the vietnam war, he supported lyndon johnson and his daughter-in-law was the white house social secretary during the administration. his stepson was chief the protocol. -- chief of police: eventually. but his wife was picketing the white house with antiwar groups. she becam

and washington's army was the american center of gravity, that if he could destroy washington and washington'srmy, that that would end the rebellion. he obviously wasn't able to accomplish that. in philadelphia he's not able to get his decisive victory. he beats washington a couple times, but can't get that final big decisive victory. after that, i really think the war goes into that different stage, where ultimately it goes down to the south, and then you have a much more of a counterinsurgency like conflict, and i think by that point, again, i think only the americans could have beaten themselves at that point. that's my personal assessment of that, and when you look at -- when you look at how the saratoga campaign played out, one of the options that burgoyne actually does present, which he presents in sort of a throw-away, after-thought manner, is well, one thing we could do would be to use the navy, load up the troops who are up in canada, sail them back around to new york, and then now to reinforce howe, now howe would have this immense army, and that army would be -- then i think that ar

washington. and i think this is one of the most striking point that you have made, which is the american constitutional development of conversation is not just entirely within our own forces, it's also the impact, over and over again, made by the world. so talk to us more about that. what is our position in the world have to do with thoughts about how we govern ourselves? we are protected by oceans. >> we are, if we join together, if we don't, we're going to have 10 borders between south carolina, north carolina, georgia and georgia and maryland and pennsylvania, the mason-dixon line and so on and so forth and so the genius of this and eventually washington and hamilton, the atlantic ocean will be an amazing moat that will protect us if only reunite, the way that you can actually help lay off against each other in divide and conquer in that fashion, we have the policy for the west, making it an american domain international domain and not just virginia's backyard or pennsylvania's territory or co

and washington's army was at the center in feca distorter washington and washington's army that would the rebellion. he obviously wasn't able to accomplish that. in philadelphia he's not ablee o get a decisive victory. he beat washington a couple of times but he couldn't get back that final decisive victory. after that i really think the war goes into different phase where it ultimately goes down to the south and then he really has much more but counterinsurgency like conflict and i think by that point again i think only the americans could this beaten him at that point or that's my first thought in my first assessment of that and when you look at how the saratoga campaign played out one of the options that does prevent, which he prevents in an afterthought manner is well one thing we can do would be to use the navy, load up the troops who are in canada sailed them back around to new york and now he would have this immense army and that army would be there i say that army could have been bigig enouh to attract down washington in the philadelphia camp. that doesn't happen obviously but

washington shared with the marquis. even the most sensitive information that was withheld from other military officers in the marquee kept the very close eye on the troops in one case warning the general. in a particular officer was being extremely obnoxious in virginia. the letters in their friendship continued long after the revolution was over indeed. general washington confided that he typically answered the marquis letter as soon as they arrived the marquis worried about the struggles of a new nation trying to define itself. washington worried about the young frenchman's safety in the turmoil turmoil that was going in in europe the marquee pestered washington to please accept the presidency while washington insisted that the office of the presidency quote. has no enticing charms. if they only knew there were letters welcoming to marquis new son who was named george washington lafayette. and in other letter washington admitted that he was reluctant to visit his friend in paris because he did not speak the language i