washington decides what buildings would go in so washington, washington. his his pet projects, is near of session so washington takes the brilliant frenchman l'enfant and he shared washington's vision of a romanesque grand capital with large full marks, public squares filled with monuments and memorials. he did not like jefferson's vision of a small federal town so he brilliantly designed the capital but unfortunately l'enfant will answer to no one but washington and turns out to be more difficult thanhe was worth . some accounts suggest he was fired, others said he quit, they both happened about the same time though the answer is all of the above. here's the image of l'enfant's capital city which you recognize today. next to the potomac river near the peterson national mall that we all recognize today. you can see the great squares and grand boulevard that intersect names for the states and so forth and so on. l'enfant is in part inspired by rome and in part inspired by paris and even though he would be fired it's his design that continues to define this

washington helps to decide what buildings would go in it. washington washington washington. it is his pet project. it is his near obsession. so washington picks the brilliant frenchman l'enfant which was a great selection. l'enfant was classically educated or close a barley for washington, he shared washington's vision of a romanesque grand capital with large boulevards, public squares filled with monuments and memorials. he did not like jefferson's visions of a small federal town. so l'enfant does washington's deity bidding and brilliantly decides the capital. unfortunately l'enfant will answer to no one but washington and turns out to be more difficult than he was worth. some accounts suggest he was fired. other said he quit. they both happened about the same time so the answer is all of the above. next light. here's the image of l'enfant's capital city which all recognize today here right there running diagonal horizontal, next to the potomac river is the national mall that we all recognize today. you can see the great squares and grand boulevards that intersect named for

and helps decide what buildings would go in it so washington, washington, washington.is near obsession so washington fixit, a great selection. florence blvd., public squares filled with monuments and memorials and did not like jefferson's vision of a small federal town so frequently he designed the capitol. unfortunately he answered washington and turns out to be more difficult than he was worth. some accounts suggest he was fired another said he quit. they both happened about the same time so it's all of the above. here's capitol city which he recognized today, great fear of running diaconal or horizontal, the national mall we all recognize today. you can see the great squares and grand blvd. that intersect and so forth. inspired by comparison even though, it is his design that continues to define the city today. not only a foreigner but he picked an irishman who designed the president's house. he was well educated and design beautiful buildings, washington immediately fell in love with the design and reminded him of rome so washington pushed by hiring him and they bu

washington the location for permanent capital hotly contested in washington advocated for a site along the potomac river not far from his own home of mount vernon when the commissioners of the federal district named a new capital for washington 1781, they not only honored the wartime commander in chief but his guiding role in the selection of the young nation seat of government. although to officially relocate they are shaping the national capital for years to come. in washington's fight favorite battle with the political skills to reveal how we work behind the scenes to establish the new city. the distinguished professor of american studies and senior fellow at the joint senate procedure citizenship. and then and not see titanic and as the editor of two encyclopedias with the american first ladies. and then on the board of the harry truman foundation. and the george mcgovern library. and then as a visiting scholar with many organization including the truman presidential library the ford museum, the holocaust museum in us military academy at west point so now let's hear from robert wat

it was washington.nk it was the creativity, the innovation, the ability to think out of the box. here's four of the problems that i focus on in the book. number one, the government was not going to endure. you know, as soon as the revolutionary was ending, in march of 1783, at his headquarters in newburg, along the hudson in new york, there's a mutiny, a conspiracy, and as david noted and fleshes out in his book, you know, there were efforts to remove washington. washington's realizing just as we're ready to seize victory, we're going to snatch defeat from the jaws of victory. then in june of 1783, there's a mutiny in philadelphia, a group of unpaid veterans, drunks pour out of pubs in philly and they surround the building we now know as independence hall, sort of like the insurrection on january 6th, threatening to grab people and civil disobedience and civil insurrection. and this scares the hell out of washington. he realizes this government may not endure. we are in debt, so that's the first one. wh

washington has a fight both washington had tempers.part of legendary stoicism and can be contributed to lifelong effort should say to control his temper and present himself so hamilton comes out and jefferson wrote he never seen hamilton so dejected is going to move quickly. invites hamilton to dinner at the next night he's going to get him while they have a rift he bites his right-hand man madison with the great intellects. they have to resolve a couple of prescient issues just to among them. one to be the location of the capitol. the other will be the question of the debt as they called it federal debt assumption. so where should the b-uppercase-letter? no hamilton was it in the north and at one point new york. jefferson is southerners one in the south. star near nonnegotiable previous south could walk. more and their beloved virginia leaving adams and others to joke only in virginia are all geese swans, right? to jefferson and madison surprised it seems that, no we don't have a lot of sources for this, we have secondary sources. jef

you mentioned this a couple times the washington said a few words, what we know about washington, thisthing you study but before the inaugural address. >> okay, before. >> up until this moment, is he seen as a right order, is he a great order? >> that is a spot on question because it identifies one of the motivations in this and that is my first, if you forget this, first book was on eckman, jefferson and someone so there is that kind of the full daniel webster well, okay. clearly washington is not now at the same time, and i'll try not to go on about this but it occurred to me in the newburgh address that for all the mythology around washington is a strong silent type and purely a man of action and that sort of thing, there is some about. there are not, sure but the man, i was talking to kevin earlier he had to do was get to the library a look at the washington papers, the correspondence so on. incredible houses this man lives is life awash in language highly attuned. did he compose all of his addresses and so on? no. we could talk about that later if you wish. so no, he was not in th

in washington's handwriting and she writes to washington and this is very much. they're funniest exchange. she says that she's found a bundle of love letters from a woman written in the most solemn sanction and she teases him and and says that she doesn't open them, but she she wants him to know that she has them and then she very quickly goes. i'm just kidding. they're from martha washington and so it's a very cute cute little exchange and that's the same letter where she's very poignant about using the desk, but then washington writes back so after he got to mount vernon is when he got the letter from her so he ends up he ends up writing her back and he actually also writes to her he said as he promised he writes her a detailed description of his trip back to mount vernon. so she very much wanted to know how he was how he was doing how the roads were etc, etc. but at the beginning of the letter he he very much acknowledges her funny little quit about finding a bundle of love letters and he says something about how oh, that would make him nervous if he had any l

that's washington's vision. in the constitution over the debate of the capitol city article i section 8 the capitol city should be 10 miles square. it's 100 miles and what it means is this capitol city almost laughable. this capital city will be larger than paris london and the great capitals of the world yet it would be built out of bonds and woods. the question would remain however where width is 10 miles square b.? next slide. the initial argument was new york city would serve as our enter him -- enter him. he's late and it's not until april 301789 and this is washington who arrives later yet. basically was to getting dressed. washington isn't not graded in new york city in april of 1789. new york city at the federal hall and you can see the picture of it here and on the right is ask at home on cherry street, his residence. new york city would be an interim capital. no one seemed happy with new york city. new york city was slow to ratify the constitution and this is why hamilton and madison wrote the federali

so washington washington washington, innocence it was his project, it was his near obsession. so he picks a brilliant frenchman which was a great selection pretty he was educated and most importantly for washington he shared washington's vision. grand capitol with large boulevard us public squares filled with monuments and memorials and he did not like jefferson's vision of a small federal town. sweet it is fitting and brilliantly designed the capitol but unfortunately he would answer to nobody but washington turns out to be more difficult than he was worth. in some accounts adjusting that he was fired another say they quit. the both have at about the same time so the answer is, all of the above. next slide. his image and the capitol city which he will recognize today predict running diagonal or horizontal commitment next will become the river near the platonic and a national mall that we all recognize today. you can see the great squares grand boulevards and intersect named for this days and so forth and so on. inspired by rome and art inspired by paris and even though it wou

washington is just lost. washington has just allowed the capital to fall. maybe washington isn't right to lead the army, some say. this is going to be during this period of victory in the north and defeat in and around philadelphia it's going to lead to an attempt to unseat washington. before we come to this, the winter encampment at valley forge is crucial and one of the reasons it's crucial is armies in the 18th century don't fight in the wintertime. you would have campaigning seasons, you fight in the spring or the fall or the summer, but not in the winter. so it's during the winter that the army is able to actually train itself. they have had a hard fight since this war began and who helps train the army -- washington also has them performing plays in their off time. why not? you have to do something extracurricular -- is this man, the barron free drink von steuben and he is going to be responsible for bringing in a european sort of drill master's concept. the problem is he doesn't speak any english and most americans don't speak any german. how he woul

his washington scene as a great orator? >> that's a spot on question because it sort of identifies one of what's a work in this whole thing, and that is my first, , if you will forgive the self referencing, but like my first book was on edmund burke and then jefferson and so on. so there's that kind of oratory of the sort of full chess, daniel webster sort of thing. okay, clearly washington is not, and he would never pretend to be. now, at the same time, and i'll try not to go on about this, but it occurred to me in the newburgh address that for all of the mythology around washington as the strong silent type, surely a man of action and that sort of thing, well, there is some of that, fair enough for sure, but the man, kevin, all you have to do is get to a library and look at the washington papers and the correspondence and so on. it's incredible, this band lives his life awash in language. so he was highly attuned. now, did he compose all of his addresses and so on himself alone? no, no, no and we can talk about later if y

washington surveys a lot of it. washington picks the architects. he picks l'enfant, the famous french architect who he knew through his service during the revolutionary war and he was also a mason but he was classically trained in paris and most importantly, he shared washington's vision of a glorious capital for the ages. channeling rome and inspired by paris. the grand boulevards, that intersect where there's public squares and each would be filled with memorials and monuments and glorious marble last -looking buildings so l'enfant shared washington's exaggerated view of the capital. washington asked the architect for the building that is today the white house . james: from ireland, washington is part of the effort to get the scottish stonemasons to come in and provide all the beautiful embellishments on the building. so washington plays a role. he even plays a role in selling the plots of land and trying to raise funding for this so from beginning to end washington is intimately involved in this . i think the idea and i agree with david of durin

washington helps raise money washington helps to decide what buildings. washington. washington.hington his pet project and near of sessions and he picks the brilliant frenchman there was classically educated and most important day for washington he shared washington's vision of a romanesque grand capital public squares filled with monuments and memorials he did not like jefferson's vision of a small federal town so he does washington's bidding and unfortunately he will answer to no one but washington and then be more difficult than he was worthless on account said he was fired other said he quit it happened at the same time so it is all of the above. >> here is the image running diagonal and horizontal and there is the national mall that we all recognize today you can see the great squares and grand boulevards that intersect for the state so wine and so forth that is inspired by rome and paris and even though he is fired it is his design of the great city of today washington know that only takes the frenchman the foreigner by an irishman to design the president's house he was al

i think washington. [inaudible] , eating cheese, nuts and wine over the campfire, the mad head and acute developed sense of the theater of politics. he understood that under these circumstances he needed to do this right every d step literally along the way. so when thompson knocks on the door, that his act one scene one, let's go. >> is there a part of seeming presumptuous? is that part of what is going on here? what are his concerns? >> very suggestive question. as evidence about to say, i certainly e encourage everyone who is listening or watching who has access to the washington papers, which is one of the most amazing works of scholarship, i square. it indicates that we have is a really nice paper trail to answer your question of the impending news comes. it is sprinkled with these kinds of things. famously he writes to general knox before hand very quickly and says i feel not unlike those -- my feelings are not unlike those of equal fruits who's going to the place of his own execution. [laughter] i

now returning to washington. it crosses that bridge, iss just a little bridge but it is a big bridge in the national imagination, and amount of that's the right word just yet but almost. it's a big bridge because a lot depended on it. washington been raises and crosses the bridge, the lights from the report delivers a few words to the mother's and daughters. this is music and firecrackers and so on. now he's on his way up to what's called elizabethtown and eventually on to the water where now new york city really wants a piece of that for obvious reasons so they've got every to escort him along and he goes on to the barge and contemporary writers, i don't believe a word of it, dolphins jumping in but there is fireworks, people singing choruses and so on than they usher him into the upper harbor heading toward the battery and eventually into new york city itself. y i think it's washington's entry into new york, was that him coming home on his way to mount vernon, hard to talk but i want to feed you because it sugg

. >> good evening i am the executive director of the washington library at george washington mount vernon and i'm coming to you from that library from that exciting book talk with patrick o'donnell i think the florida motor company for not just sponsoring this talk but many talks over the years a great series where we have authors talk about their newark and it doesn't get any newer than this because it's a book release with its exciting book the indispensable. i want to mention our upcoming program we have our lecture which rv bernstein in his new book the education of john adams, tickets are available, it's an exciting event please consider joining us, tonight's program film live from the reading room and mount vernon is the official book launch of patrick o'donnell thel' indispensable with the subtitle the marine to shape the country, form the navy and rode washington across the delaware release by the atlantic monthly press today. we have a number of autographed copies that aret going out to people who submitted questions we have exciting questions lined up, during tonight's talk let

washington surveys a lot of it. washington picks the architects.the font the finest architect and engineer who knew a revolutionary war, he was also a mason that helped. he was classically trained in paris. channeling rome and inspired by paris. the grand that intersect for the public squares each was filled with memorials and monuments beautiful buildings. he shared the exaggerated view of the capitol. another from james hoven of ireland read washington a scottish stone masons it's a beautiful embellishment on the building. so when the h plots of land and trying to raise funding for this. i'm beginning to end when the great things washington did was hit his eyes on the ball of creating a nation. he was darn it obsessed with the idea of a capitol. he visited the site on hires who overseeoners the city but he demands regular updates and reports pretty face really involved in it. which i will more thing that i'll bring this to a close. heel making everybody has seen hamilton, the musical right? i loved my 20-year-old son is named for alexander hamilt

seeing this as the former george washington, washington was a very innovative farmer.g fish farming and trying to grow things that shouldn't grow in the poor soil in the virginia region. washington was very innovative and creative, ordering you farming technology and books on seed, everything from architecture to primary and was always trying to improvea himself. i think the ultimate view of washington'she passion, vision d creativity, his political talents all comes together in what? forging a capitol city and that's where you see him put his politicalou stock, he puts it on the table and uses his gifts, he is a visionary looking at a brand-new form of a capitol so the backdrop for the story of the capitol, you can see it after the war. now what? i found this. in newspapers and stories writers say something like have we really fought for this? it took from 77 -- 81 to even get ratified. once branch of government and holy ineffective. the lawyers and the educated, what did we have left? we couldn't pay our veterans, we couldn't s feel standing army or pay back our debt

and washington helped select the site. washington surveys the lot of it.n picks the architects. he picks la font, a famous architect and engineer. and he knew through the revolutionary war and he was a mason. and he shared the vision of a glorious capital for the ages. challenge rome and inspired by paris. grand boulevards that intersect with public squares and filled with memorials and monuments and glorious marblesque looking buildings and so he shared washington's exaggerated view of the capital and picks the white house. and another immigrant from ireland, and washington is part of the effort to get the scottish stone masons to provide the beautiful embellishments on the building so washington plays a role and even plays a role in selling the plots of land and trying to raise funding for this. so, from beginning to end, washington is intimately involved in this. i think the idea, and i agree with david, you know, during his presidency, one of the great things washington did was he had his eyes on the ball of creating a nation. and part of that was crea

george washington is the guy we reek nice as george washington and i think he is. and then look at specific episodes in his mature career where he demonstrates the political tall lenz he developed and -- talent he developed and a quick overshoe i focus on seven months at valley forge, the army was a bit risk of unraveling. he needed to build bridges to congress, make that work. needed to repel an effort to replace him as commander in chief. actually a bureaucratic maneuver to get him out, and it turned out that he was a pretty good -- pretty good at political knife fight and was able to survive that cleanly. the second period i look at is the transition to peace time. his resignation with the army is a huge moment, creates again -- reinforces the notion he is man that can be trusts and dust lust after power and in the. of period of drift in 1780s, the arms of con federation, it is washington's reputation and i think talents that end up bringing the country together in the constitutional convention and ratification of the constitution. as president there's two episo

and of course you are a washington fan he is one of washington's best of friends.e they often discuss the perils merits together. at that point washington is about finished with the war. he is kind of going back into the social scene. he did not often get to spend time in city centers. he was a bit behind on the cultural trends. i think thehe powells, at least during my research from what i found the powells work very much at first leading washington and martha into society. during the 1780s, even after the washingtons left philadelphia washihington and elizabethan then washington and samuel really started to develop their friendship. elizabethan washington would trade publications back and forth. again that highlights how well read she was and howow educated she was. washington sent her a copy of visions of columbus. and a whole host of others. and then of course, samuel and washington had their agricultural connection. samuel sent washington some seeds and he notes that in his diaries the seeds are growing well they are from mr. powell in philadelphia. they very

washington decides to escape. john glover in the marvel head men they gather all the boats in manhattan and man those boats and fairy the army across the east river. this is not an easy task. the east river is swirling, the wind isn't cooperating and on top of that a loyalist sees what is happening, and enslaved individual in her household to the british line to inform that the americans are escaping. this individual wanders up on some haitian soldiers who speak german, understanding what he is going to say. he doesn't know what until a couple hours before the evacuation to pull off the greatest retreat in american history and world history and a man the boats and as they man the boats the wind doesn't cooperate. there is something special about these men. they worked together in the grand banks. the most treacherous waters, also arguably the first diverse regiment in the united states army. african-americans, native americans, white americans, hispanic americans working together. the weather could kill people and

then we see this as the farmer george washington. washington was a very innovative farmer. he did fish farming and he was trying to grow things that shouldn't grow and the poor soil the virginia region are off the potomac in washington was very innovative and creative and is ordering new farming technology and seated everything from the architecture to farming, he would order it from his london merchant denny was always trying to improve himself and i think that the ultimate view of washington's passion and his vision and creativity, more visionary in his political talents and all comes together in forging a capitol city building a capitol city in this receipt him, his political stock. puts on the table. he uses his gifts, he is a visionary and looking at awa brand-new form of a capitol. so the backdrop to the story the capitol really you can i see it after the war. and now what we want it and know what greatness headlines in newspapers and stories and in the writer said things like how we really thought for this. we don't have a functioning government. you have articles of

washington's army was defeated. the marylanders who i drew a book called washington's immortals had bought us an hour more precious in our history than any other where washington with a rearguard action washington's army was able to retreat into fortifications at brooklyn heights. the british army which had surrounded the american army there was about to come up with the east river and also siege lines were creeping forward. it was a perilous time. it was a time in our history when all could be lost. washington had a decision to make. was he going to retreat or fight and washington decided to retreat. this is the time when all could be lost. the entire army could be surrounded and destroyed and everything rested upon the shoulders of the men in the book that i've written about, the marblehead men. washington decided to retreat and he had to cross a mile long river, the east river and this is -- let me take you back in time to august 30 . there had been a massive nor'easter that had pelted both armies for two days st

martha washington. his wifee and family were they any part of the inaugural ceremony or the beginning of the presidency? >> thank you, megan, if i may. okay. here's how that turns out. .. >> i think, if i made to be a little impressionistic but what is really clear given the gender dynamics at play and what it meant for a female to be like that. is that appropriate or is it not? and in any case after the inauguration ceremonies and so on everybody wants to have a big party with the eggnog -year-old ball as such to recognize it that we would think of but with the ambassador. so we would have that that washington is consistent that they wait until martha comes up. but she doesn't including incidents place staffed. >> one of the questions we ask is with a military uniform and as indicated some of these are h century images but that this is something we did on occasion but not on this trip. >> and again for all of the stern, a man liked a nice jacket. >> because those letters are in exchange of the inaugura

you can see this as the farmer george washington. washington was a very innovative farmers.was doing fish farming. he was trying to grow things that shouldn't grow in thein por soil in the virginia region of the potomac. washington was very innovative and creative. he was ordering new technology and books and everything from architecture and farming you could order and he was always trying to improve himself. i think the ultimate view of washington's passion, his vision and creativity. he was more of a visionary. it all comes together in forging a capital city, building a capital city. that's where you see him put his political stock on the table. he uses his gifts. he's a visionary and looking at a brand-new form of the capital and so on so that the backdrop of the story really you can see it we won the war. now what. i found headlines of course in newspapers and stories where people and writers said things like have we really fought for this? we don't have a functioning government. you have the articles in the federation that took from 77 to 81 to even get things ratified.

. -- the site of washington's 1780 headquarters hosted this event. >> welcome to the dime mansion, washington's headquarters. i am so happy to see all of you here and joining us today for this program. if you have not been here before, definitely after today, please stay and take a tour with our staff, and just before i kind of introduce our investigators today. just a few rules or if you, you know, kind of bits of information, we do have a light refreshments for you in the kitchen. so there is coffee, tea, cheese, crackers, cookies please feel free to get up and take what you like. restrooms are in this building, so you do not have to go to the visitor center. they are also in the kitchen, through the door. open it, the restrooms are over there. our staff today, we have can who's in the back there, and we have kelly so i'm not sure where he's hiding at this moment. and then you have myself. i'm the director of the department of foreign affairs for the county -- and by the fact i'm the director of this site. so, again, we are fortunate to have a guest speaker and historian damian craig now to s

washington's orders. quote, the light companies of the first and second regiments of new york will form a battalion under command of lieutenant colonel hamilton and major fish. after the formation of the battalion lieutenant colonel hamilton will join the advance corps under the orders of colonel scammel. hamilton is so happy. there are going to be four light infantry commanders that we need to briefly acquaint ourselves with. we already know what action ter hamilton looks like. he works with the aforementioned john lawrence in this beautiful bejeweled frame on the left. in the center is finally an illustration that have colonel alexander scammel of new hampshire and on the right is lieutenant colonel ebenezer huntington of norwich, connecticut whose house we own. now, the complication here is that alexander scammel in the anile is the highest ranking officer killed during the siege of yorktown. he's unfortunately killed in a surprise attack. he's shot in the back and mortally wounded and winds up dying i

you mentioned it a couple times that washington said-- what do we know about washington as an order-- order. washington before the inaugural address. >> okay, before? >> yet, up until this moment. >> that is a spot on question for real because it identifies one of the more-- that is if you will forgive the self referencing, my first book was on admin work-- admin burke and then jefferson and so on, so okay, so there is that kind of orator or oratory of sort of the full you know daniel webster sort of thing. clearly washington is not and he would never pretend to be. tnow, the same time and i will try not to go on about this, but it occurred to me for all of the mythology around washington as the strong silent type and truly a man of action and that sort of thing, fair enough for sure, but the man, i mean, get to the library and look at the washington papers in the correspondence and so on. it's incredible, thousands-- this man lived his life awash in a language so he was highly attuned. now, did he compose all of his addresses himself alone? no, no and we can talk about that later if

of washington's entry into tran10. for variety of reasons you will notice if you squint at that thing it is primarily almost entirely women and girls, these are the women of tran10 and their daughters who have been ready for this moment for weeks, they have been getting together their outfits and songs there rehearsing the songs with the flower and garland and someone but there's also the equivalent and placards to the effect that saved us the first time, the battle of tran10 in you save the women in the daughters of tran10 and now the returning the favor, i think they cross that bridge a little bridge in tran10 but it's a big bridge in the imagination. i don't know if national is the right word just yet but almost that is a big bridge a lot depended on that thing. washington then as you see raises his hat and he crosses the bridge and he delivers a few words to the mothers and daughters of tran10 and needless to say surrounding all of this is music and someone now he's on his way to elizabethtown and then eventually o

washington closes. i sincerely hope the subject will meet with due attention for the reasons of its establishment which you have so clearly pointed out in your letter to the secretary mr. prevail upon the legislature to place it upon a permanent and respectful footing. your most obedient servant, george washington. that's the end. thank you, everyone. [ applause ] >> so we are going to do a q and a. we have c-span taping this event. so if you want to have a question we're going to have a mike brought to you so they can capture what you're saying. >> including from the flanks. >> damian, i believe one of your slides depicted a private home used as military headquarters at some point. did general washington solicit homeowners to use these private dwellings as headquarters or did he just say i'm taking over. >> it was kind of a blend of the two. sometimes he was already acquainted with the owner, other times it's a pretty quick convincing. yeah. i really don't know the details to answer it. >> thanks you f

i know why, because washington did. thee speech itself as you might imagine, it's seven paragraphs long, about 1400 words give or take depending which version you are using so it isn't particularly long. it is written in that sort of characteristic 18th century english sort of latin tactical structures and so on, so it isn't a particularly reader friendly text for most people these days. now more specifically, it isn't a peculiar route but washington seems to have asked david humphreys, and the aid of his lfor a long time going back a long time. it was pretty good, kind of a bad poet but pretty good with the pen to help him out a about. well, washington says i will get back to you. can you imagine a 70 page speech? even burke -- around christmas time prior to the inauguration itself in april of 89, james madison stops by the house and they spend some time together and it's pretty clear that washington in effect said mr. madison, what do you think of this. he seems to have taken one look at it and said that's not going t

but washington did not-- and why did presidents ever. after, i know why, because washington did. well, we need-- but the speech itself, as you might imagine, what is it, seven paragraphs long, about 1400 words, give or take, depends which version you're using. not particularly long. it's written in that sort of characteristic 18th century english sort of latin tactical structures and so on. so it's not a particularly reader friendly text for most people these days. and now, more specifically, where did this address come from? well, it's not a peculiar route, but it had a bump or two. washington seems to have asked david humphreys, an aide of his for a long time, going back a long time. it was pretty good, pretty good with the pen, to help him out a bit. and humphrey a r is a 70-page beast of a manuscript and what about this? and washington says i'll get back to you. and can you imagine a 70-page speech. even edwin burg would blanch at that. around christmastime prior to the inauguration in april of 1989, a chief stops by the house and they spent some time together. and it's prett

washington's army was defeated. wrote a book called washington's immortal. more precious in history than any other. washington was a desperate rearguard action. washington's army was able to retreat in brooklyn heights. the british army which had surrounded the american army there, they were about to come around, come up the east river and also these lines were creeping forward. it was a time in our history where all could be lost. washington had a decision to make. retreat or fight. washington widely decided to retreat. this is a time when all could be lost. the entire army could be surrounded and destroyed. everything really rested upon the soldiers of the men in the book i have written about. washington decided to retreat. he had to cross a mile-long river, the east river. let me sort of take you back in time to august 29, august 30. a massive nor'easter that tilted both armies for two days straight after the battle of brooklyn. creeping forward to the american positions at brooklyn heights. the army was closer and closer to annihilating the american army

george washington. and i think this is one of the most striking point that you have made, which is the american constitutional development of >> there happening within our own and also being impacted over and over again by the world. and talk to us more about that predict what is our position in the world have to do with her thoughts about how we govern ourselves. >> and are protected by oceans right or wrong pretty. akhil: full of week join together we are and if we don't when you plan the borders between south carolina and north carolina and north carolina and georgia inn maryland and pennsylvania. in pennsylvania and new york and so on so the genius of franklin is to understand and eventually nwashington and hamilton at the atlantic ocean will be an amazing boat will protect us against the old powers of europe but only as we unite to divide each other and but europe can actually plant up against each other and divide and conquer passion and have a policy towards the west to make an american domain th

so the genius of franklin to understand in washington and hamilton that the atlantic ocean would be anzing boat to protect us against the old powers of europe but only if we don't fight each other and europe plays us against each other with a united policy for the west to make it a national domain not virginia backyard or pennsylvania territory for the western reserve. so yes as early as 1754 franklin and washington are beginning to see the possibility of a world at war and the constitution comes out of the revolution of the larger global struggle. so our audiences very impressive and sophisticated historically. of course if you ask them when did the first world war started they would say 1914 in the european balkans. no. itrt started 1754 in america back country with a young officer named george washington to get involved in a confrontation between the two great superpowers of the world. france and england that will eventually connected to join or die with the congress they get together it will become the world's first global war second in thelo two greatest powers and other european

i am sure it ever made to it washington. it's mammoth cheese that's in washington. but the mammoth or the mastodon that was the inspiration for the frenzied use of the word mammoth -- it is in baltimore until the 1840s when they move it over the europe to try to sell it in europe. they thought they had a buyer in france, then the revolution of 1848 kicks in. so it ends up in germ neshek believe it or not. that's the picture i showed you earlier of the full mastodon skeleton there in germany n. a museum in germany. now, the neat thing about the subject of my talk and everything else that's going on in washington is that the mastodon is now back -- jane, i have to swallow my words. the moss toe done is here in washington. it was moved for the first time in 170 years to the smithsonian, where it was erected in the -- i believe the museum of american art. for an exhibit on barron -- alexander von humboldt and the united states. and they thought that the skeleton represented the highest aspirations of american science and european science meeting together. so they actual

washington understands banks and set as hamilton jefferson and washington not so much. also the strong indivisible union between england and scotland is going to be the model for the more perfect union of america. england colonies are different kingdoms. they are fighting each other and mary queen of scots is getting involved and that's not what conduces liberty. union will lead to liberty. first, last and always. he has an army of york town and he gives it up and he doesn't make himself king. he could have but he understands that liberty and union are inseparable and he says that during the revolutionary war. he says that actually in a letter that accompanies the constitution itself moving beyond state sovereignty. he says that in his farewell address written by largely hamilton so he listens to everyone and the big idea is that we are all aware. he's a southerner who understands the north and the west. he is the embodiment of american union and the continental army is only big general continental army vet exists. the congress is very local basically so washington is t

the mastodon is here in washington. it was moved for the first time in 10070 years to the smithsonian, where it was erected in the museum of american arts. frrm alex antder and the united states. they thought these had the highest assprations that what brought it here. maybe the shutdown wilt end before we have to ship it back. >> back to new year's day, 1802. eight of us set off to mount vernn are. pilgrimage to mt. vernon and the plitizization of george washington's memory is another theme i want to touch on. and it comes in the federal communist's version. but the bigger story of memorializing george washington at this time is told in the wonderful book about the efforts to bury washington in a capitol building. so, they make it from the tavern in arizona. cutler writes to his daughter again a servient conducted us to madam washington manufactures room where we were received in a cordial and inviting manner. she seemed just as joyed for our sizt. we wurp leadership federalists, so they were pleasure sg artastic. she

he has immense respect for washington, he was the biographer. hamilton was a brilliant lawyer and he used hamilton's legal ideas about the banks and many other things and within other thing he does. he's a nationalist figure and also being a good listener. i talked about the relationships between some of the founders. so jefferson and madison came up and adams makes enemies. he's a loner. he teams up only with abigail. he first hates thomas hutchinson ab then in a feud with hamilton even though hamilton was trying to help him in various ways and he starts off friend will i -- friendly with jefferson, but then they become rivals. teams are important. jefferson teams up. hamilton and washington teams up and marshall finds a teammate, the great joseph story and they work particularly well when they combine north and south. in particular massachusetts and virginia, okay? so marshall is virginia, story is massachusetts. think about all of the other virginia-massachusetts teams. retorically, james otis from massachusetts and patrick from virginiament

indicate washington. we campaigned at fort lincoln in 1851 and got a national reputation for that and so represented it along with some others in the german immigrants. they were key in the election of lincoln. we know that he came this is lincoln while he was president. and so we know he came to washington at that point. but as far as i can find them a he did not come to washington during this period. >> sure, were going to do two final question, quick one and then i think one you will enjoy so we'll start with a quick one. did the congress pay a fee to the old brick capitol building. steve: yes, they leased it. in the in-flight amount of money i believe it was 5000 rated this was in the book. they give a flat amount of money for the furnishings and then they leased the building based on a 6 percent rate of return on the investment. >> and so the last one, before if we things up that i think you'll enjoy. when we talk about the treaty, it was worked out in the old brick capitol then your points at the pr

in hamilton and washington team up.shall finds a teammate, the great story and america they work particularly well when they combined north and south and in particular massachusetts and virginia read some marshall is virginia in the story is massachusetts. something about all of the other virginia, massachusetts, the team. rhetorically, james otis is from mattress under massachusetts the patrick henry. and they worked together in 1776 and by the way, so did jefferson and adams and again virginia and massachusetts. and adams is vice president and virginia and thomas jefferson's and one of jefferson's vice president since the massachusetts and also going to be madison's vice president soap north and south team, a massachusetts and virginia is important. so the answer to your question about john marshall is the last founder emma strengthens the judiciary and is a washington man, hamilton man in a continental list. any finds a partner from another region predict and story together and build really impressive teams just as w