washington internalize that. one of the reasons the senate has a six-year term is supposedly to make them more likely to vote in the long term interest of the public it's the most partisan portion of the government now. i will shut up but public, public, public he represents them. >> he mentioned the aurora and i know you wanted to say something very quick so one quick thing i want to sort of highlights when joe was talking about how personally wounded washington was that was really quite intentional on the part of the newspaper editors. the editor of the aurora would deliver three copies of his newspaper every day to the front steps of the president's house. even though washington is not a subscriber. he did so intentionally to get under washington skin. we know it works because he rants and raves about in cabinet and jefferson took careful notes. this political warfare in the partisan or wound they were trying to inflict was quite intentional. >> let's get a taste of washington on parties and we can further exp

the story of washington the farmer is the story of washington made slaver farming and enslaved labor were inseparable to washington throughout his entire life as a farmer and he once wrote that he didn't like to even think about slavery let alone write about it or talk about it, but in fact he thought about slavery all the time and he thought about it and wrote about it in terms of his management of the enslaved agricultural labor at at his own estate and it's there in that record that you can see both the change in attitude and also the record of his daily interactions with the enslaved laborers who means supervised and control and then finally when washington does ultimately decide to search for some way to emancipate the enslaved people. he controls the only record we have of that process and thought process is through his record of farming and israel organization of mount vernon. it is here this example of this document of washington made in 17909 toward the end of his life. he gave a detailed description of various enslaved laborers at mount vernon this documents only in the las

washington dandridge. when you try to find martha washington's niece and martha washington dandridge, things can be a little tricky. for the next bit i thought we would talk somof the gs wdid with a lot of the editing three accurate trpt..he writing is very small, you don't have to worrt reing this. this is the transcription a appears in the recollections and private memories of martha washgton -- it is a letter from james power, a lawyer from -- county, to martha washington's first husband, daniel park custis. i stayed with him on i. i presented jack with little jack's bridal unsaddle. next slide please. this is about the manuscript says it says i stayed with him a good part of last night it is already slightly different. i've presented something crosstown, something to jack and my little jack's horse and saddle. what is crossed out there? if something is crossed that we try to read it. if it's something significant, not just repeated later in the same sentence, we try to include in footnotes. if you take

rod washington. i also want to say this broom and the 200 and i think 300 people who are watching us virtually is just such an exciting celebration of what we've been able to do across years. we've been diving into this project to better understand martha washington and women in the 18th century. this martha washington lecture is just such a success. i'm to see so many people here. i know there are a few hundred more watching us virtually. thank you so much for being here. now, please me in welcoming our first speaker for a frazier. thank you, director, and thank you very much director and all mount vernon for hosting me here it always such a pleasure to speak to the many distinguished guests who come from all over region and beyond. and i very much forward to answering any. you may have a later or just discussing martha washington which i love to do so. oh. let me just. see and. well all of a slide's are a background and what i really oh it may be a blank background owing to my technical income pitt

the story of washington of farmer is the story of washington enslavor. and slaved labor and farming were inseparable throughout his entire life. he once wrote that he did not like to even think about slavery, let alone write about it or talk about it. in fact he thought about slavery all the time. he thought about it and wrote about it in terms of his management of the enslaved agricultural labor at his own estate. it is there in that record that you can see both a change in attitude but also the record of his daily interactions with the enslaved labor that he supervised and controlled. finally, when washington does ultimately decide to quote, search for some way to emancipate the enslaved people he controls the only record we have of that process, the process, is through his record of farming and his reorganization of mount vernon. it is here, this example, this document washington, may of 1799, towards the end of his life, he gave a detailed description of enslaved labor in mount vernon. this document has only come to light in the last ten years. it wa

washington sent him the draft. washington kept madison's first draft. and he insisted that the final includes paragraphs in the beginning. and it was a shot across the bow. washington was anticipating that madison and jefferson would be critical of this address. somehow, they would paint the address as an attempt to garner more power for the executive. so by including those paragraphs, drafted by madison, he was basically saying you knew about the farewell address. you participated in the drafting of the farewell address. so keep your mouth shut. it was very intentional, very savvy. and sure enough, madison was not publicly critical of the addresses. >> very briefly, i think the reason he picked hamilton is because hamilton had the most experience throughout seven years of the war, when he was writing jefferson. when you read the general orders which are boring as heck throughout the 1770s, they are signed by washington, but he didn't write them. most of those are written by hamilton or one of his other aides. what he called, pen men. washington was ins

martha washington's china, washington's field headquarters. tents were packed away in. the basement and the key was entrusted to the woman on the ght, selina gray, who was a mrs. robert edward lee's servant. and sort of the ewd of the house. while the soldiers start breaking in because soldiers like souvenirs, right? one acal breaks in and cuts a piece of the tent roof for a souvenir, starts taking books out of storage. and so she wants to be really saved of the responsibility and turns the key over to the union commander. he's in profile slightly right of center irvin mcdowell and he orders that those objects or allows those objects to be taken into washington where they're displayed in the patent office. now, of course, national portrait gallery. they remain in sort of federal custody, even though the lee family claims their ownership all through the end of the 19th century, their ln, philadelphia, they're sent for the centennial. here's an image probably of the diningen on diladuring the centennial exhibition. it's not till 1901 that esident mckinley finally returns

tent with washington. and so the other inhabitants of of washington's tent and was so worn out by his service, he had several bad falls from horses during his during his military service that he was basically crippled by the by the end of the revolutionary war. now, i want to talk a little bit about symbols of a republic in general. so on the left, you see rolled up the actual original ribbon. you see that over washington, shoulder under his coat. when washington goes to new england in 1775, one of the first frustrate actions he has is that nobody knows who he is and that they're supposed to pay some kind of deference to him. in other words, that he's in charge. the new englanders very democratic. many of these new england officers owe their positions to being voted in by their man. and so that's one of the things that in aristocratic southerner, who immediately sees, as you'll see, you know, the colonel of a new england regiment shaving his own man or, you know, playing cards with them, etc., in washingto

and washington adopts this blue ribbon.so this original ribbon has survived because he later gives it to charles wilson peale, the painter who we sat for, for this portrait. and peale probably had more life sittings for washington than than any other painter in the period. here he is in another you know, full length painting from 1779 washington at the battle of princeton and another george here on the left. king george also painted the same year in 1775 or 1779 with a full array of military might behind him. so this is sort of like two georges really trying to be peacocks here and show themselves off. right. but you can immediately see how somebody who's really looking close at what this george from virginia is thinking about the future. isn't he kind of dressing like a king with that ribbon? and so french officers actually note that by about 1779, washington had laid that ribbon aside and there were actually some portraits that have survived that peale did, because he becomes basically has a shop producing these paintings

martha washington's china, washington's field headquarters. tents were packed away in. the basement and the key was entrusted to the woman on the right, selina gray, who was a mrs. robert ear lee's servant. and sort of thsteward of the house. while the soldiers start breaking in because soldiers like souvenirs, right? e tually breaks in and cuts a piece of the tent roof for a souvenir, starts taking books out of storage. and so she wants to be really saved of the responsibility and turns the key over to the union commander. he's in profile slightly of center irvin mcdowell and he orders that those objects or allows those objects to be taken into washington where they're displayed in the patent office. now, of course, national portrait gallery. they remain in sort of federal custody, even though the lee family claims their ownership all through the end of the 19th century, their loan, philadelphia, they're sent for the centennial. here's image probably of the dini tentn splay during the centennial exhibition. it's not till 1901 that president mckinley finally returns the

he praises washington while, citing the farewell address. washington's character. i think he can see kind of neo a kind of insular ism isolation, too much emphasis on commerce and. jacksonian america. so at the end of the first volume of democracy in america published in 1835, the final chapter, he closes it in this extraordinary way he that in 1835 a he predicts in 1835 that a century hence think to 1935. would oppose a soul global rival russia standing for authoritarianism in the world took those rights power a century hence would hold the destinies of half the world in its hands. i'll note that this occurs just after a subsection, that chapter of democracy in america that took entitled some considerations on the causes of the commercial greatness of the united states. this is a little philosophical, inside joke paraphrasing the title of montesquieu history, the romans as the romans are obsessed with war. he warns the americans might become obsessed only by commerce, but tocqueville hopes we can be more moderate, balanced and responsible as a great liberal power.

i'm here to take on washington, d.c.'ve done it before, now we'll do it again for all of washington state. >> senator murray, you have two minutes. >> jesse asked a very important question, how do we unite? and obviously, we are in the heat of a campaign, and people feel passionate on both sides and speak out with voices about how they want to vote and how they want to influence others. that's an important part of a democracy. but where we cross the line is when we incite violence. i was in the capitol on january 6th. i heard those outside my door calling for violence, calling for nancy, and using brute force to try and take over the peaceful transfer of power. we can never tolerate that. i urge my supporters and everyone to use their voices. that's what a democracy is about. i use my vote on the senate floor, and you all do as citizens to make your decision about where you want our country to go. but at the end of the day, we have to accept that decision and we have to get behind it. president trump didn't do that. he t

i will go to washington. i will the system, in terms of not going there simply to represent the leaders in washington. i will represent the people of the fifth congressional district. thank you, host, for that. moderator: thank you, candidates. jahana hayes and mr. george logan. [applause] please hold your applause. thank you to the league of women voters of connecticut for your collaboration in informing voters this election season. i've got one more thing to say. if you could hold your applause just for one moment, guys. thank you guys so much for doing this, and thank you to the league of women voters of connecticut for helping us in this debate. it is the final debate in our series, but do not change the channel. lucy is here. she is the host of "where we live" and she is going to talk to representatives of the candidates tonight. and then i will be joined by christine stewart and dan parr. we will provide analysis of tonight's bait. stay tuned to connecticut public. ♪

[applause] so i took on the washington establishment. ran for a republican senate leader of course in d. c. i lost. just as all the pundits and lobbyist reporters in washington predicted. and they're all still scratching their heads, asking themselves why would rick scott do this? what is wrong with this guy? doesn't he know how these things are supposed to work? everyone is supposed to stay in line and obey. don't upset the apple cart. wait your turn. i've never had that attitude in my entire life. i've been a kid that grew up in public housing and if i had that attitude, i never would have gotten to do the things i believe in. the press tried to turn this into a personal battle. it's not it's a battle of approach. my approach is to fight like hell for the things we believe in lower taxes, smaller government, more accountable government balanced budgets, more private sector jobs, less government jobs, parental choice in schools, lower crime, secure border and immigration policy that works a lethal, not awoke -- a woke military. these ar

and not just a washington, but he is going to confront those washington critics head on when he moves to the city to start his administration. i want to highlight the members of interjections first cabinet here. don't feel the need to copy all of these guys down. i just want to highlight a few here because they will come up again. and first of course is john henry eaten. who will become secretary of war, a predecessor of the secretary of defense. you may recognize martin van buren who will become president himself. he is serving as secretary of state. the nation's chief diplomat. william berry will also be important for us. he serves as the postmaster general. and some of these other folks are going to be important from the position of being in the opposition. . so jackson nominates men who'd largely did not have much experience in the national government. they didn't have a national political profile. they certainly were not really part of this washingtonian elite that had been constructed. and of course the most controversial appointment is john eaton. shortly after jackson is elect

your front row to see to washington anytime anywhere. friday at 8 p.m. eastern, they bring you works from book tv. they -- nonfiction ought -- when interacting with the u.s. financial services industry. she is interviewed by brooking institute andre perry. watch afterwards, every friday at 8 p.m. eastern, on c-span. lloyd austin says there is no evidence to contradict preliminary assessments of that tuesdays missile explosion in poland was the result of

she grew up in washington city. she was the daughter of hotel owner, and as such, she up around some really important political figures who would stay in or socialize at her father's hotel right. many wrote and spoke of her as a very beautiful, perhaps even alluring. dangerous seductive beauty. right. and peggy herself quite aware of this. she would write in her biographer excuse me, autobiography years later when i was still in pants. let's and rolling hoops with other girls i had the attentions of men young and old enough turn a girl's head so she is self-aware to write she knows that people consider her to be beautiful right and aware potentially of the potential power that she has in that beauty that she could use. hey, so peggy, as i say, i grew up in her father's hotel. she will marry a man named john timberlake in 1816. okay and he works as a purser on a ship. essentially, he takes care of the money but as such, he spends a lot of their marriage at sea. he's not. so while he is at sea for much of their marria

i don't go ahead in washington. well there's, there's always reconstruction conferences and you mentioned grifter earlier. this is one of the other for rift. i mean, i remember, in bosnia they were doing reconstruction and a year you know, talking about reconstruction a year before the war ended. how do you rebuild the things that can, that keep getting destroyed on a daily basis? that's insane. you can't plan for reconstruction until the war is over. and there's this, this particular war shows no sign of ending the least because western trenches. it could end to morrow. if washington, that's actually pulling the financial and political strings of kiev said ok enough, but it won't the kit. so what are we even talking about? no, we did the reconstruction conferences there just another money laundering scheme. this one, benefiting the n g o is instead of the weapons makers. but it's, it's, it's not the, as i said, the west las russia years ago. they're not aware of this, but that's what happened. and what they're tryi

washington state's ready to elect someone who will fight for washington state instead of washington d.c. tive incentive -- tiffany smiley, candidate in washington state, thank you. >> thank you, jon. jon: election day 2022 closes in, what do some of the latest polling average as reveal about trends, voting patterns and potential winners come tuesday? real clear politics' president and cofounder tom bevan weighs in next. ♪ all across the country, people are working hard to build a better future. so we're hard at work helping them achieve financial freedom. we're proud to serve people everywhere, in investing for the retirement they envision. from the plains to the coasts, we help americans invest for their future. and help communities thrive. buying a car from vroom is so easy, all you need is a phone and a finger. just go to vroom.com, scroll through thousands of cars. then, tap to buy. that's it. no sales speak, no wasted time. go to vroom.com and pick your favorite. think about the best night's sleep you've ever had. at tempur-pedic, we're dedicated to helping you sleep like that. wit

ah, you officials have lashed out at washington, accusing the u. s. and profiting from the conflict to a year at faces dire straits with some se washington's relations with the blocks member states are facing major challenges. we are really at a historic juncture, american nice realize that public opinion is shifting in many you countries. the country that is profiting most from this war is the u. s, because they are selling more gas and higher prices and because they are selling more weapons. so there's a lot of finger pointing going on right now here in europe, we're starting to see an increasing number of comments from european officials targeting the u. s. first, they're saying that u. s. energy companies are making windfall profits over the conflict in ukraine. french and german officials said earlier this month that those revenues are coming at europe's expense. is it that we need to put into the united states was producing cheap gas that they sell at a high price. and in addition, they have taken measures of massive state aid for some sectors t

washington. that was not something that could have happened just anywhere in washington d. c. and so, that space that first ladies and first families in general have provided for gathering americans across the political divide has been a crucial part of it. i think that's why in historical, historian solidarity with dr. allgor there -- the unofficials sphere, it is such an important term rather than -- i know, political science and soft power -- but the unofficial sphere is integral to what the first lady has always done, even down to today. so changes, well there are many changes in and we can talk more about these, but it has to do with the growth of gender expectations, the growth of women's activity in the world as we move through the century of civil war, it makes changes. women's war work. and then as we get toward the gilded age and moving into the progressive era, the sort of work that women do in the world to move out of their domestic sphere, which was the socially dictated acceptable place for women to be. >> just education. >> yes. yes, carry on. there's a million

would not conduct any talks washington would not conduct any talks washington would not conduct any talks with regard to the status of the with regard to the status of the with regard to the status of the ukrainian territories ukrainian territories ukrainian territories the disappointment of putin who has been the disappointment of putin who has been the disappointment of putin who has been weakened and battered now in her son as weakened and battered now in her son as weakened and battered now in her son as well was expressed in a stream of well was expressed in a stream of well was expressed in a stream of missiles fired at ukrainian cities missiles fired at ukrainian cities missiles fired at ukrainian cities russian leadership is currently in a russian leadership is currently in a russian leadership is currently in a tremendously tough position and the tremendously tough position and the tremendously tough position and the kremlin is raising raids by striking at kremlin is raising raids by striking at kremlin is raising raids by striking at ukraine and it is waiting for a ukraine

so she gets to washington in 1890 and 1890 washington was gilded age booming. it was a really interesting place to reinvent yourself if that's what you wanted to do, and she did so she didn't have any money, but she had social status and she had enough of a sort of veneer of sophistication that she was at the opera all the time and she met interesting people and she learned to be fashionable and she became what she thought she wanted to be and she ended up marrying a man named norman galt her sister. her sister's husband's cousin picture, please. this picture is from this time period i love this picture because she's so confident. she's so beautiful. she's so just owning who she is and i think of and this is from the 1890s. this is edith becoming herself getting out of her little appalachian town and becoming herself on her own. to a large degree as mary said if she were a man this would be a very different story including the up by your bootstraps, you know american dream that she would have been given credit for if she were a man so she's shown that she can g

smith senior curator at george washington's mount vernon. where she directs the architectural preservation, furnishings and interpretation of george and martha washington's home, the surrounding plantations, structures, as well as the landscapes. a ph. d. graduate of yale and an m a graduate from the winterthur program at the university of delaware. she also has a bachelors degree from the university of notre dame. and exhibit that ran from 2016 to 2021, created by dr. susan p. schoelwer and her colleagues, led to the creation of an award-winning exhibition entitled lives. lives beyond together, slavery at washington's mount vernon. he's welcome our moderator in our next panel. [applause] >> good, morning everyone. thank you brandon for that very kind introduction. and we are first planning this symposium with the national trust, this was one of the topics that myself and my colleague, matt costello, certainly wanted to include. because we thought it was one of the most important elements of discussion. as brandon said, i'm not a historian,

well, it seems to me that one of the things that we mentioned about martha washington. and again, we'll lead us into dolly is the concept of soft power and i am a pseudo historian. i'm really trained as a political scientist. so we like to think in terms of power and how power is used and defining power and typically political scientists and others. will define soft power as diplomatic power diplomacy cultural exchanges, and we know that first ladies certainly have excelled at that. so let's think in those terms in lynn. let's turn to dolly in that you called it catherine when we were first talking this unofficial role because again, this is a position that that is given to this woman. who's the spouse of the president simply because she's the spouse of the president. yeah, and i mean i at some point somebody's going to ask the very rude question. why should we care about first lady and one of the things is that by studying first ladies the same way studying women their words their work their lives. we learn things we would not have known about and it cannot just be a r

washington, d. c. it surrounded on all sides by slave territory and it would've been a matter with militias of taking over the capitol building and maybe a couple of other buildings and begin an operation of something that would have been very strange. it was a bit like january 6th, it, would have been a continuation of the buchanan presidency but without james buchanan. it probably would have been removed and his vice president would've wrapped been created as a kind of acting president. he lost to the 1860 election. he was the candidate of the the south. two very impressive southerners stand up to their fellow southerners and prevent a takeover of washington from happening. what is winfield scott, still the commander. he is very elderly and not in very good shape, physically, but he's still the commander-in-chief of the united states. he is so old and infirm he cannot sit on a hearse horse anymore. he is in passive and returns the capital with cannons and loudly threatens to manure the hills of washi

c-span's washington journal. every day we are taking your calls, live on the air. we will discuss policy issues that impact you. coming up wednesday morning, we talk about the state of small businesses in the u.s.. and martin to care of the washington times discusses his podcast, history has happens and other particles of the day. wash -- watch washington journal on c-span or on c-span now, our free mobile app. during the discussion with your phone calls, comments, text and tweets. first lady jill biden welcome to the writing of -- arrival of this year's christmas tree. she traveled from the christmas tree farm and audrey pence of any. -- auburn acres. ♪ ♪ >> madam first lady. how do you like the tree? >> i love the tree. how do you like the tree? >> beautiful. >> it's beautiful, and this is the family that gave us the tree ♪ >> it was planted about 20 years ago and it was in a patch of trees that we ended up harvesting. there was something special about this tree, so we decided to keep it for this event. and we were successful enough to win the national competitio

watch washington journal live on c-span or on c-span now, our free mobile video app. join with texts, and tweets. >> last week tulsi gabbard was in las vegas for a campaign event with adam laxalt. the republican candidate. he has one of several gop candidates to be endorsed by tulsi gabbard. after announcing she was leaving the democratic party. >> i finally get to start. are we excited? yes. good afternoon. my name is rudy, i am the president of the longest running, largest conservative group in our states. so thank you for having me. before we begin the program i want to first thank sony for bringing us all together. there are not many places that will bring us republicans together but sony will. and thank you to the loudoun family. i also want to give thanks now to those who here has walked to the precinct? thank you. who has made phone calls? thank you very much. who has written checks to their best candidate out there? thank you. if you walked, called, donated, whatever you do, thank you note because we have got some of the best candidates out there but they will