washington did. he wrote that he shuddered to think about how hard it was keeping smallpox out through alone. how well inoculation worked. he announced in a private letter in the summer of 1777, after the successes he's having with soldier inoculate us that he hoped virginia would pass a law compelled families forcing families to their children under penalties if they didn't do it. now. i took a walk this morning. right. i was here early, took a walk down towards the white house, took a view of the washington monument, and was thinking about this talk that i was going to give about washington. washington's decision to inoculate the army. i took a selfie with didn't show that wouldn't win. i'm not great itself, but i looked at the washington man woman in the courage me for the first time this morning. what the washington looks like at least to me. i don't know if you've thought about it. folks who live in washington, but it doesn't look like george washington at all. and it's just point the obelisk ri

the topic is justice bushrod washington nephew of president george washington. justice washington was appointed to this court by president john adams in 1798 and served 31. very consequential. until 1829. our our speaker is professor gerard magliocca. he is a distinguished professor at, the indiana university school of law. he's a graduate of stanford and yale law school. following graduation from law school, professor magali oka as a law clerk to the famed judge guido calabrese easy on the u.s. court of appeals for the second circuit. judge calabrese, as he was my torts professor in law school, and i know that both professor magli oka and i learned a great of law and history and wisdom from judge calabrese, professor mack leocha teaches and writes in the field constitutional law and the author of the book washing tins air the life of justice bushrod washington. professor magliozzi has authored four other books and, more than 30 articles on constitutional law and intellectual property. his sixth book will be released in 2025. it will be about the youngstown case

he was george washington's air in washington's virtues and vices. his virtues were commitment to country, sober temperament, dedication to building up the institutions of the new united states. but the vices were slavery. george washington had owned them all his life. so did john marshall. and so the book tries to say that, on one hand, he was the inheritor and the practitioner of this terrible legacy. on the other hand, he did write an opinion that became, for many people, the foundation of the civil rights that the freed slaves should receive when the 14th amendment was under discussion after the civil war. you see, both of the judicial legacy, which was much more expensive, in terms of thinking about the rights of black people in contrast to his treatment of black people personally. i should add that, of course, part of the story of the book is that it was one enslaved person that he freed, only one. and that was west ford, who was a washington my blood. whether he was washington's son, half-brother, nephew, we will never know. but it's pretty ce

in washington. i'm thankful for everyone who put this together. now, when i told my kids to kids, charles and walter, 11 and eight years old, when i told them that i would be speaking in washington, d.c., this is the first book talk that i've given. the book came out a week ago. it's it's ink still wet and when i told my kids that i'd be going to washington and giving a talk, they're very excited. and my son charles asked me and he said, hey, dad, do you think president biden might be might come to your talk? and i said, how? probably not. he's busy. you know, he just signed a bill today and at the white house. but i said no. i'm sure he'd be interested in the topic, but he's probably too busy and my son looked at me with a smile and he said, so it'll probably just be kamala harris then. so i'm told. do you see crowds arrive a little late, so leave a couple seats open just in case the vice president arrives. so as andrew said and he introduced, introduce my book. very well. i thought my book, the co

wilson and george washington. talking about the 11th amendment, he called it sacrifice to state pride. he was not a big fan because he was more interested in asserting national authority as an important structural protection for liberty. you know, while pushrod washington did study under james wilson, we have to say that had more of an influence by family leadership as well as many years of close interaction between them. correspondence that really began and went. pushrod was set up with james wilson by george washington. he paid wilson's princely sum that he demanded to be pushrod's mentor. in other words, it is hard to imagine him taking a much different philosophy towards the constitution and george washington. it would have taken incredible intellectual independence and fortitude maybe to do that. he then carried that onto the court. in that sense, he was like- minded with john marshall, who is also a federalist. you know, when you come to a case like corfield, the interesting thing to me about the definition

so boyfriend washington was a federalist like we'll send and george washington indeed. just talking about the 11th amendment bush rod called sacrifice to state pride. he wasn't a big fan because he was more interested in asserting national authority as they kind of important structural protection for liberty. you know, it's while bush roy washington did study under james wilson. you have to say that george washington was probably a far more important influence on bush rod simply by virtue of his family leadership as well as just the fact of many years of kind of close interaction between them correspondence that really began it when bush rod was set up with james wilson by george washington george, washington page james wilson's princely some that someone described it that he demanded to be bushrod's mentor, but in other words, it's hard to imagine bush rod washington taking a much different philosophy toward the constitution then george washington or would have taken some of very incredible intellectual independence and fortitude maybe to do that. so i think that he th

washington was living in the age of napoleon. in this moment, biden's main opponent tried to start an insurrection to overthrow the results of the election. that context is so essential. host: we are watching today in real time their reactions to joe biden's decision to not seek reelection. you say it was remarked upon, george washington's decision. what was the reaction at that time that we still remember so many years later? guest: after he returned his commission, he was immediately called the father of the country, and this was before he even became president. that gives you a sense of his stature, reputation, how trusted he was, how revered he was. this was before he had this enormously powerful position. when he decided to step down as president -- the evidence of this is not fantastic -- but reportedly king george the third said he was basically the most impressive man in the world. that is my language, but essentially that. those are a couple examples. they were not exaggerating. this is how they genuinely felt about wash

the path from there to washington, d.c. was wide open. the city was poorly defended with union soldiers. they were away attacking richmond at the time. washington seriously menaced, was incapable of self-defense. that much was clear he wrote years later. staring at that map, wallace understood that the threat was very real and his responsibility was crystal clear. without orders, without orders, he departed for menoxie junction where the roads and railroad leading to washington and baltimore crossed a tributary of the potomac. upon arrival he stood on a bluff looking down at the river and green pastures and golden wheat fields it beyond it. he could see the stee pells of frederick, maryland, not far off and the patokin mountains. the peaceful summer was interrupted with the echo of distant gunfire. and soon it was clear, general robert e. lee sent general jubal early north to take washington. he had crossed the potomac and was on his way east towards menoxie junction perhaps to washington, just 40 miles away. wallace already moved with gr

yeah, so consequently in washington to get to know that in washington. so he becomes an expert in this and then at age 18 he buys his first tract of land in the shenandoah valley, but leases that from lord fairfax with the money that he's earned. when the house of burgesses is looking for somebody to go out into the wilderness to follow an order from london to keep the french from infringed on, the forks of the ohio, where the allegheny monongahela river has come to form the ohio river. now, pittsburgh, who else do they hire? they find young george washington in his twenties, and he goes up, he gets within miles of lake erie. he falls into the icy allegheny river and swims himself out. he knows this and he has this vision that he pursues as a retired general, as a president, to pierce through the appalachian chains that were separating the coastal, the north american colonies, the north american united states as it became, and to go through there to the vast interior of the country which he was investing, he bought a lot away. so he's got a scholar of am

washington was living in the age of napoleon. in this moment, biden's main opponent tried to start an insurrection to overthrow the results of the election. that context is so essential. host: we are watching today in real time their reactions to joe biden's decision to not seek reelection. you say it was remarked upon, george washington's decision. what was the reaction at that time that we still remember so many years later? guest: after he returned his commission, he was immediately called the father of the country, and this was before he even became president. that gives you a sense of his stature, reputation, how trusted he was, how revered he was. this was before he had this enormously powerful position. when he decided to step down as president -- the evidence of this is not fantastic -- but reportedly king george the third said he was basically the most impressive man in the world. that is my language, but essentially that. those are a couple examples. they were not exaggerating. this is how they genuinely felt about wash

they do like george washington. everyone does, but they're not keen on what the federal government's been doing. intervening in their lives. they don't really pay their taxes much. they're sort of in a separate economy and away from what's going on in the rest of america. in the west, we grew more corn and rye here than, anywhere else in the new world. and because of that, most people who lived here were farmers. they farmed corn and they farmed rye. that's how they made their living. now, if you want to sell corn in the west, that's a difficult proposition because your neighbor is also trying to sell corn in the west. so you're not going to find a great market. so for these people, only option people who lived in western pennsylvania was to find a way to make their corn and rye easier to move right. more valuable. and the easiest way to do that was whiskey. whiskey for them was the the chief economic engine of here in western pennsylvania. one of the issues they faced here in the west was that they didn't have a lo

i washington. why four months to decide who will be?— washington.o will be? i think that's a triumh of decide who will be? i think that's a triumph of cool _ decide who will be? i think that's a triumph of cool heads _ decide who will be? i think that's a triumph of cool heads actually, - triumph of cool heads actually, amongst the ones left in the conservative party, it's the rash ones who want a quicker decision who think they only have so long to grab the attention and they wish to do it straightaway, the idea of having it longer is perhaps to have more check, more thoughts about who comes next. i think that's for everyone's best interest however you voted on in the last election, everyone needs a healthy strong opposition and one that's able to deal with keir starmer on his terms in a way, and in the place where he is going to be politicking from. and the best person to do that is someone who is moderate like him who can have that despatch box, not an extremist as we've seen in government the past for years. we've seen in government the past for

so let's begin with the washingtons. if you think about the history of our first ladies in civil rights, it's a checkered past. and we have to begin to look at the washington and a precedent that they set. they brought their enslaved servants to the president's home, both in new york and philadelphia when they went to philadelphia for the second capital. they had to circumvent a philadelphia law in order to keep their enslaved workers with them. there was a law that said that any enslaved person who was in the city of philadelphia for more than six months was freed. so what washington's did was they sent their enslaved workers back and forth between mount vernon and their presidential home. and this was a way of having anyone, not having anyone there for more than six months during one of those transition periods. martha's personal oil made by these men owner, also known as on each judge, escaped. she knew when the transition was happening and she used that as an opportunity to leave slidell. there's a wonderful book tha

so youer t washington.lk about a guy born in y who never knew who his father was, never had shoes, never hado remembers when union soldiers came house on the plan, and he told everyone anth annout around what he believes was the emancipation proclam looked at s t next yearaid she was crying they got back to the house and they said, well, what they ous th house said, what do we do now? well, she had a companion and they headed to west virginia. all he wanted to do was get an education. all he had to do was he had to work in the mines and in the mines. mething that he would do from the age of was claustrt was hard to breathe and an up ad always say his mom i got to learn how to read. she said here's a book it's the dictionary. and he would■=j just read the dictionary. and then day coming home, he hears kids his own age talking about i'm quitting. i'm not doing this job he said working for this woman? she's awhatever i do it's not gd enough because. what do you mean? he goes, yeah i work inside the house. so w

washington or washington resigning commission. there are few of those in there, although there are also portraits of jefferson, of madison, of elbridge gerry. there are there are some real faces in there, too the first question remind me the first question. just say the word. oh, yes, yes. there are two black soldiers in the bunker hill painting actually in the left background. it's kind hard to see, but there is peter samuel, who was credited with killing major pitkin. and you can you can just make him out. he's firing in the direction of major pitcairn on the other side of the canvas, who's who's been mortally struck. the two figures in the lower right are thomas grosvenor. who? lieutenant grosvenor who was a lawyer from pomfret, connecticut and his slave asaba. now, in the 1790 census, asaba is listed as a free man. so at some some point, he was free. but in the battle of bunker hill, he sees fighting alongside grosvenor and they both have clearly been the action grosvenor is wounded he's a bandaged hand a sable. stockings are

washington, d.c. and most of all, it was shut up. the campfire girls about how the girl scouts weren't doing very well in their housekeeping skills. but the problem, the gift was the. nothing else. the house. so you had to up with additional money to move to purchase the land, to move it on to utility hookups, building a basement. and staff, of course. they went back and forth and back and forth with the national organization saying, no, we don't want to pay for this. but lou, finally came forward and said, i'm gonna pay for this. she invested about thousand dollars of her own money part of it, of went to putting the house rails and dragging it to its new location land that been loaned to the girl scouts before of lou's where it would be put in about two blocks from the white house to be a permanent residence. the permanent president. it finally, in addition to the up front cost that lou, had, she agreed she would cover any expenses the first two years. and if that didn't work out, then the girl scouts going to give it back to the be

we're keeping an eye on what's going on in washington. i see there's a little bit of movement coming from there. and as soon as i press conference begins, we will bring that to you. but moving on, ever so slightly, president savanski repeated his call for an n 2 restrictions on the use of western weapons against russian targets. let's take a list. of course, if you want to win, if i want to prevail, if i want to save our country and to defend date, we need to leave all the mutations i spoke about to this part. there's this, you can need it with united space for that was secretary, although as they come in, uh, ukraine's president's speaking there as the landscape held meetings with both joe biden and the next nato secretary general installed. and virg, what do we know about that? so we know that what the ukrainians have been asking for to ease or to lift the restrictions on it, west and weapon send it to ukraine is not new. and that's also something that was here a topic because the german delegation was not only drum and sort of charles,

she is the head of the george washington museum. i guess you know that george washington, i heard before he didn't like parties. he also didn't want to get involved in european wars. he didn't want to get involved in that. israel, to me, is a separate thing, an ally. ukraine is a fair weather ally. they wanted to interfere in our election to stop trump from getting in. host: we will take your point. coming back to george washington and foreign entanglements? guest: it's really important to understand that washington was not an isolationist. washington did not want to send troops to europe to defend france, when france had provoked war against great britain, but he was not suggesting that we hide behind our oceans. he believed it was essential to have robust trade and engagement with allies across the globe. it is impossible to know when anyone from the 18th-century would say if they came to the 21st century, other than, what are airplanes, what is electricity? i think he would have no problem with those engaging in trade, whether fo

washington and some other politicians among nato leaders.well , it somehow seems to me that it is more important from an analytical point of view than the fact that a new term appears in the declaration itself, even if it is encouraging enough. what is important, why this term is really important, is not to confirm that we will one day be in nato, but because it is a kind of fuse for the fall of 24, when many who is not unreasonably expecting a possible ... probing of the soil and a possible start in one or another form of negotiations, most likely not direct, but perhaps in some indirect form with the russian federation, and we clearly remember and understand that russia has one of of its formal ones, this is not the only and not the main one, but russia's formal demands begin with the fact that ukraine should renounce nato membership, and the expert community last year, including myself, insisted that the vilnius summit was a political moment to give ukraine nato membership was much more favorable than, for example, it is now, for the invi

washington one thing that struck me reading your book was i have sort of two images of of washington. one is an incredibly good looking sort of studly guy in a uniform on a big white horse who's the man and yet incredibly humble i mean, just sort of eerily humble. can you reconcile this and talk to us about why that was? well, one of the great traits that george washington had was that he was self-aware. he knew his strengths were he knew his weaknesses were he knew that he was not a great public in large part because he had trouble talking. he had a grasp the breathy voice that from a childhood respiratory illness. and famously he very few teeth. in fact, by the time he was president, i think he only had one tooth in his head. so he had these unwieldy dentures in his mouth, made it very to speak. so at no, was he a great public speaker? but he had everything else and the main thing in that regard was he had command presence. he was the tallest guy in the room. he was six foot three. he had ramrod straight posture. he dressed immaculate as lee. he had steely eye contact. gilbert stuar

washington one thing that struck me reading your book was i have sort of two images of of washington. one is an incredibly good looking sort of studly guy in a uniform on a big white horse who's the man and yet incredibly humble i mean, just sort of eerily humble. can you reconcile this and talk to us about why that was? well, one of the great traits that george washington had was that he was self-aware. he knew his strengths were he knew his weaknesses were he knew that he was not a great public in large part because he had trouble talking. he had a grasp the breathy voice that from a childhood respiratory illness. and famously he very few teeth. in fact, by the time he was president, i think he only had one tooth in his head. so he had these unwieldy dentures in his mouth, made it very to speak. so at no, was he a great public speaker? but he had everything else and the main thing in that regard was he had command presence. he was the tallest guy in the room. he was six foot three. he had ramrod straight posture. he dressed immaculate as lee. he had steely eye contact. gilbert stuar

so when you brought julia back to washington, d.c., you know washington was just flush with energy and excitement about it because essentially, julia tyler became the first presidential spouse to serve as white house host us since louisa. catherine adams in 1829. so there's three visualizations i want you to pay attention to on this slide. on the left is julia garner tyler's wedding portrait, which was created in 1846 and was finished in 1848. it's about a year and a half after she married tyler for the portraits. she wore a diamond. veronica on her head to honor her late father, who had given her the diamond set. but on her wedding day, she actually had a wreath of orange blossom in her hair. and it was just like queen victoria, which you see here on the right that she had on her wedding day, because julia was obsessed with queen victoria. and just note, the newspaper accounts. i loved reading those. they kept referring over and over again. every article you would read about this wedding treaty ratified tyler and ms. gardner. the dome, the domestic treaty over and over again. and thes

so you have booker t washington. you talk about a guy born in slavery who never knew who his father was, never had shoes, never had pants. he also remembers when union soldiers came to his house, to the big house on the plantation, and he told everyone come. and they made the announcement around what he believes was the emancipation proclamation says essentially a free looked at his mom and he said she was crying but she was happy and next year they got back to the house and they said, well, what they thought was the house said, what do we do now? well, she had a companion and they headed to west virginia. all he wanted to do was get an education. all he had to do was he had to work in the mines and in the mines. was but something that he would do from the age of 11 to 13. and he was claustrophobic and it was hard to breathe and him and his brother would show up and always say his mom i got to learn how to read. so finally she said here's a book it's the dictionary. and he would just read the dictionary. and then day

apparently, washington will again promise zelensky weapons.e transfer of additional batteries of patriat complexes to kiev. the only dove of peace at this gathering of hawks, it seems that the prime minister of hungary, viktor orban, will be there. the summit in washington is his fourth stop after trips to kiev, moscow and beijing. the day before, fragments of a letter that orban sent to the head of the european council michel and eu leaders appeared in the european media. following the negotiations with the letter, orban confirms his position on the need for peace in europe, which is impossible without direct contact between moscow and kiev. the negative economic consequences of war put great pressure on the daily lives of our citizens and eu competitiveness. political leadership from the united states is limited due to the ongoing election campaign there. it is approximately clear how they will react to the hungarian prime minister’s peace mission in washington. the indignation and dissatisfaction of europe is nothing more than a translation

washington is the same way. you never come away from a session with washington without any about what the commander's intent is. so there is the clarity of their thinking, the clarity of their expression and their physical durability. washington never seems to catch cold over the course of 18 years. it's not, you know, physically accurate. he's very durable and. and eisenhower, despite smoking packs of cigarets a day in 1944, is the same and it projects robust. this in the captain on the ship their ability to roll with the vicissitudes of the things are very very dark for washington in particular and their dark for eisenhower at certain points to to have a sense that okay tomorrow we're going to get at him again neither rhythm neither washington nor eisenhower particularly good tactical. they don't see the battlefield spatially and temporarily the way a great captain does the way our three generals here would they? they're not napoleon. and they're they have moments of strategic insight and and great confidence.

they were here in a washington dodge. many of them said that they hold the strong transatlantic alliance, will a continue in the future, regardless of who is in the white house. many of course torching the question, but that's a included probably something that is in the mind of a lot of them. what will happen in, not only to the alliance to this trans atlantic, a lines, if a donald trump makes it back into the widest. and that's something that might actually happen. so on one side for president by the support unity to show himself . but as we just spoke about it and fears and of course, concerns for me by many democratic saying that he should step aside just quickly, benjamin bide, and says he's to get a job to finish that's of the cost to get re elected. what's his campaign going to look like from here on a toby, several trips it will be in michigan. you also will be in texas next trips already and coming in the campaign says that it will continue. that will be more trips coming up. but of course, the pressure it will c

we are in _ washington, a pretty cheapjacked up 0b washington, a pretty cheapjacked up oe with washington0b with the white house behind us and a small team, a cameraman and sound man and desk and short film going on and i was about to interview this heavily pregnant ukrainian mp. he was trying to put her microphone on and i was hearing in my ear, 30 seconds, 20 seconds, ten seconds. i said you have five seconds to get back to your camera and he fell at my feet under the table and stayed there for the duration of the rest of the programme. i had no idea if the camera was on me, it was extraordinary. this ukrainian mp was sat thinking, what is happening? the camera man is under the table. it is camera man is under the table. it is the most amazing thing about you as a presenter, — the most amazing thing about you as a presenter, incredibly— the most amazing thing about you as a presenter, incredibly cool- the most amazing thing about you as a presenter, incredibly cool under. a presenter, incredibly cool under pressure — a presenter, incredibly cool under pressure. another— a presenter, inc

and that will lead is it will also talk about here in washington. so those discussions overall that happening it behind closed doors and not and not in front of, of cameras, giving a press statement. but of course, there is a concern that many tabs here in washington and we know those conversations are going on behind closed doors, dw correspondent, ben, how many hours gruber at the nato summit and washington, thanks for your reporting. the un security council has held an emergency meeting in response to the missile strikes on ukraine's biggest children's hospital. on monday you created an official se dozens of people were injured in the strike. moscow had deliberately targeted the facility, meanwhile, and keep people are still coming to grips with the scale of the destruction de 2 of the clean up by to ukraine's largest, the children's hospital. hundreds of patients, their loved ones and stuff were in the facility when the me so hate on monday the facilities director explained the impact of the strike summer. how little know thought that's in the m