for its weapons. modern weapon systems are designed to minimize risk for the operator while promising maximum effects drones for example are stealth killing machines their pilots said thousands of miles away from the actual battlefield and drones can also cause chaos in civilian life just recently a drone sighting at london's gatwick airport grounded flights for days so how can we protect aviation against this new threat a startup the german city of costal might have a not so. they're easily available and a low end quote copter with a camera can be had for one hundred year and. many model of through the smoke if someone wants to do something terrible a drone is a good way to do a lot of damage. or you can attach an explosive to a drone or cameras for industrial espionage all of those are threats. and yet i founded a company that invented a drone tracker it's like an alarm system to protect against drones it is a sensors to detect potential airborne threats by gathering information from radio frequency

is one of the world's leading weapons exporters today are made in germany we put weapons in the crosshairs personally i don't have any problem with weapons i grew up holding one of my hands three times a week when i was five years old my dad took me to his fencing club and fencing still is a part of my life today it's a sport that teaches you a lot about humility and patience about aggression and risk and respect my colleague on the other hand had never touched a weapon in her life but coming from a german japanese family she was wandering with a heritage from two famously belligerent countries shouldn't there be a fascination with weapons in her blood and since keogh is who she is she had to go and find out. i've never had anything to do with weapons i never held a real one in my ham life and i've never wanted to i grew up in germany and in japan in both countries people are fascinated by them so today i wanted to find out whether that fascination with gripped me too and that's why i'm at this shooting range. i always thought you need a firearms license to shoot with live ammunition here

weapons but a nuclear weapon and as a society altering weapon. fear of the iraqi people reaches its pinnacle in september two thousand and two the new york times publishes a headline about the threat from baghdad it eludes to aluminum tube was seized by the americans that were to be used in the production of centrifuges to enrich uranium from africa and finally to make an atomic bomb it all adds up. at the end of two thousand and two the media campaign in the united states works like a charm according to the polls almost eighty percent of americans believe saddam has an atomic bomb or is close to having them in the end the yellowcake dossier will have a remarkable fate president bush himself will get behind it the british government has learned that saddam hussein recently sought significant quantities of uranium from africa pronounced by the most powerful man in the world this little sentence is an unequivocal condemnation and yet bush had been warned when the president when the state of the union address was being fair the cia told the white ho

weapons but a nuclear weapon and as a society altering weapon. fear of the iraqi people reaches its pinnacle in september two thousand and two the new york times publishes a headline about the threat from baghdad it eludes to aluminum tube was seized by the americans that were to be used in the production of centrifuges to enrich uranium from africa and finally to make an atomic bomb it all adds up. at the end of two thousand and two the media campaign in the united states works like a charm according to the polls almost eighty percent of americans believe saddam has an atomic bomb or is close to having them in the end the yellowcake dossier will have a remarkable fate president bush himself will get behind it the british government has learned that saddam hussein recently sought significant quantities of uranium from africa pronounced by the most powerful man in the world this little sentence is an unequivocal condemnation and yet bush had been warned when the president when the state of the union address was being fair the cia told the white ho

weapons activity at nsa at the wrong time. in many respects obama embrace the fact that this was a enterprise that need help and made a commitment to modernization. one of the big things that we lose sight of in the commitment to modernization on the structure was a large driver in the effort to downsize the total number of warheads in the stockpile. part of the warheads in the stockpile where the hedge reference and a pretty large hedge so weapons not deployed but pretty large hedge because there was uncertainty about whether or not nsa committing the warheads and of course the delivery systems were getting as well. large hedge. and having a better and for structure was going to help reduce the total stockpile numbers i will leave it there. >> madeleine, let me ask you a quick follow-up question. deals with politics of ratification. i'd be interested in your thoughts on how important new start was in bringing democratic senators on board for the modernization and vice versa. how important modernization was with bringing on th

weapons but a nuclear weapon and as a society altering weapon. fear of the iraqi people reaches its pinnacle in september two thousand and two the new york times publishes a headline about the threat from baghdad it eludes to aluminum tube was seized by the americans that were to be used in the production of centrifuges to enrich uranium from africa and finally to make an atomic bomb it all adds up. at the end of two thousand and two the media campaign in the united states works like a charm according to the polls almost eighty percent of americans believe saddam has an atomic bomb or is close to having them in the end the yellowcake dossier will have a remarkable fate president bush himself will get behind it the british government has learned that saddam hussein recently sought significant quantities of uranium from africa pronounced by the most powerful man in the world this little sentence is an unequivocal condemnation and yet bush had been warned when the president when the state of the union address was being fair the cia told the white ho

weapons were giving the weapons back part of the and he told me that after they stored the weapons in a warehouse that. would come in take some of these weapons and bring them to a private warehouse in separate parts of syria and try to transport these weapons to the turkish side so these weapons aren't coming back and most likely these weapons are going to be used against turkish soldiers in syria and turkey civilians in turkey unfortunately in this is a nato ally supplying these weapons all right the thoughts of a political analyst speaking to us live from istanbul thank you as always. still to come this hour we look back at some of the must sporting moments of twentieth seen on days are lent versus russia set to happen back in the ring or in the the column for twenty nine thousand that's all set to come out of this. you know like the e.k.g. for countries is their ten year bond rate you look at that you say oh a country a country is not healthy well looks like the health of the chinese economy based on that their interest rates are better than america. would hope to. put themselves

nuclear weapons policy over the next year. so i look forward to seeing you at our future events. -- by the endme of the obama administration, a very fragile bipartisan consensus had emerged between congress and the executive branch over nuclear policy. under this "fragile consensus," the obama administration and congress agreed that the united states would modernize its strategic nuclear deterrent but would also support effective and verifiable strategic nuclear arms control agreements like new start. that said, regardless of your views on arms control and strategic modernization, i think there is broad agreement that that fragile consensus may be "falling apart." there are a number of factors that are probably contributing to this. some experts believe the cost associated with strategic modernization are just unaffordable. other experts believe that russia's violation of arms control agreements like the inf treaty have raised serious questions about the efficacy of the u.s. remaining in the new start treaty. other experts bel

systems in your mind are these offensive weapons. or defensive these are weapons that are needed to assure the mutually. assured destruction. but just. because it's your turn i don't want to hear it's reminiscent of the digital distribution for strategic and it is what keeps us what keeps peace on this point to the are don't think it's period i think it's just dissuasion because the numbers that we can mention like six may so seven we chose russia does not want to be able to destroy the united states what russia wants is to have two or three four five missiles that can hit the united states cannot be intercepted no there isn't one which is not you it is not and that's why russia has an arsenal one of the largest one of the to learn just nuclear arsenals in the world to the because if enough people you know what it is your reaction to this isn't going to russia. that's one of the two largest nuclear arsenals in the world and why you got it why does russia do that because it understands that if the american side if washington believes

and there was a pretty large hedge, so weapons not deployed. but there was a pretty large hedge because there was a large incertainty as to whether nnsa could maintain the war heads and it was getting old as well. so there was a large hedge and having a better infrastructure was going to help reduce the total stock pile numbers and hedge. i will stop there. >> let me ask you a follow-up question that deals with the politics. i'm interested in your thoughts on how important new start was in bringing democratic senators on board for modernization and vise versa, on bringing on republican votes, the necessary votes to get senate advice and consent. can you say something about that. >> new start was very important certainly for the democrats because it was going to continue the long-standing effort on arms control because remember at this point in time the start treaty had expire and it was going to be the first time there wasn't going to be any sort of an arms control treaty. and this was important not only for the total numbers to make sure there

look, in the future, the weapons -- one of the rules is the most important weapons don't fire bullets. >> yes. well, this brings us to a whole other can of worms. in my experience as a war correspondent started with big piece technology, air power and tanks and all of it in the first gulf war.

weapons not deployed. there was a large hedge because there was a lot of uncertainty whether they could maintain the were heads and the delivery systems were getting cold as well. and having a better infrastructure was going to help total stockpile numbers as well as the hedge. i think i will leave it there for the moment. quick me ask you a follow-up question dealing with the politics of ratification. i would be interested in your thoughts on how important new democraticn bringing senators on board for the modernization and vice a versa, how important modernization was with bringing on the necessary republican votes. can you say a little bit about that? leine: new start was important for the democrats because it was going to continue the long-standing effort on arms control. at this time, the start treaty had expired. it was going to be the first time there was not going to be any sort of arms control treaty. this was important not only for the total numbers, to make sure caps on things. there was no incr

the stage in iraq to help doctors in rwanda and our history on fast forward but first autonomous weapons such as robots and rockets equipped with artificial intelligence or air i can shoot to kill on their own no international rules regulate their use how dangerous are robots with killer capabilities. interim independently navigates difficult terrain a swarm of drones automatically work together to seek out a target without human help one actually turns on tom but that could change quickly . this gun is also combat ready it's controlled by a i as has already been tested on a military base in iraq autonomous weapons can operate and kill independently counting many more systems are being developed. yet there are a few if any international regulations for their use the united nations member states have commission experts to address the issue in geneva robotics professor no shockey is representing the international committee for robot arms control at the talks the demonstration in seoul. generally thought almost weapon is that a soldier can be discriminate in the response of the laws of war

the more people are killed the more weapons are bought and the more you kill it the more weapons you need it's a perverse mechanism that a democratic state should not tolerate neither for moral nor economic reasons. but how come this small town in southern sobbed india play such a big role in the international arms trade let's take a look at a complicated contract from two thousand and twelve that formed the basis for a major export do. the saudi arabian defense ministry orders baum's from us from raytheon its british subsidiary subcontracts the rahmatullah subsidiary w.-m. italia to produce them contract is worth more than sixty three million euro news. the order was delivered from dormice nov us to jeddah islamic seaport from where it was taken to the end customer the royal saudi air force this contract ran until mid twenty seventeen and covered thousands of m.k. eighty three bombs. since the start of the saudi at campaign in yemen in twenty fifteen at the very latest it is being doubtful whether the arms exports are in line with italian law. is that the deep vein these are sales t

it's conventional weapons that are allowed to be made into space but not weapons of mass which we don't know if it was in the us your design between the. group is not right that you and when it was signed in one thousand nine hundred seven i don't think they could have been visioned any of these type of weapons that are being in the weaponization of space is already happening did you know that the us the us air force and darpa has a secret military space plane the x. thirty seven b. that has spent years in orbit at a time of birth know exactly what no explanation of what it's doing up there it's well known that nasa is manned space program has been funded right where that was shifted is a military unmanned space program run by darpa the us air force the x. thirty seven b. and this is a reusable unmanned military space plane that has spent years in space and no one knows what it's doing up there it was launched the last time in september of two thousand and seventeen and it's still up there ok but what's important here is that you know we've discussed here what you can probably get in th

of nuclear weapons coming back at them. that is a very effective the -- deterrent. theyorth korea, thinking might be able to slip one missile through, it is good to telegraph that we are able to knock that. host: andrew clevenger >> with the help of our comcast cable partners. nation forest in the agriculture. nationgest county in the for dairy products. as a result of that, we have a lot of industry here that is based on agricultural needs. >> saturday on book tv. author asth a local he shares stories of their notable western criminals. >> the county was remote. it had the mountains right next door which made great hideouts for people on the run. this wants east of visalia were also great hideouts for people on the run. if you're going to practice criminal activity, you want to be able to do that without getting caught. the county made it pretty convenient for outlaws to hideout. 2:00, we'll at explore the city and history of the region's agriculture. --ch these man city terror c-span's cities tour on c-span's book tv. wor

proponents of autonomous weapon systems respond that it's all just a matter of programming one of them american robotics expert ronald arkin is working on an ethical standard that can be programmed into military robots. the systems will not only do so. side when to shoot they will decide when not to shoot warfare is becoming so fast right now that human beings are not capable of making intelligent informed decisions we can put that capability into an autonomous of the system should be ability if you. executing it on ethical order. another topic being discussed in geneva is where the software can make more ethically sound decisions than a human the us russia and israel are the primary opponents of outlawing these weapons they want clear definitions to five years of talks at the un things are finally taking shape. for the first time a proposal is on the table sent by austria brazil and chile and backed by twenty five other nations to say we need next year to start negotiating for a bond we've been talking for too long the other proposal on the table is from france and germany and that's

small groups can do a lot more damage now with nuclear weapons, with a dirty bomb weapons, with biological, and so we are indeed, as i said a number of times, in a race between cooperation and catastrophe, but the major powers are having a hard time communicating, let alone coordinating. david: you are urging us to make progress, but what about just holding on to what we have, i want to talk about the intermediate nuclear forces agreement, which goes back 30 years between the u.s. and russia? there is a deadline coming up and president trump has indicated he no longer wants to follow that. what sort of risk with that pose if we walk away from that? senator nunn: the agreement limits othe missiles that would be deployed in europe, and it was short warning time, because any missile deployed in europe would it short and not time for the u.k. and france, because of the time and range. so it is an important treaty that was entered into under ronald reagan and i think it would be a bad mistake for the u.s. and russia to let the treaty expire. an i think it would carry overd to the strategic agre

of weapon we don't want. but what i was just trying to get at is it is hard to find a clear line. between what is nai weapon and what isn't. it is a smart bomb that shoots down the chimney and blows up, that's ai. that kind of is. it is really hard in a way that a chemical weapon or nuclear weapon which is easy to define what that is it is very hard with artificial intelligence. i think it's a little problematic going forward and we can't really define what it is what we want to bend, there some clue that there's widespread will to people in the world to ban those weapons. i'm an optimist about the future, i really am. it's called infinite progress but there are, all these questions don't have easy answers. this is one that doesn't. >> byron reese has spent 25 years as a tech entrepreneur, he is the ceo of da gama technology research and analytics firm. he graduated from rice university where he began his first company. mr. reese, you only devote two pages of your book to what could go wrong. why is that? >>

and autonomous weapon systems continues and international agreement on them is urgently needed. shift says keep it human. bad now passionate networkers in their project today its musician ralph meters got a special touch. classmate as a jazz musician composer i'm professor at the university of music and fried back he lives for music and wanted to find new ways of expressing themselves musically say he developed a new data craft which he calls a piano cook. meat wants to change the world of music he's using a day to go after introduce a whole new level of sound he can play conventionally at the keyboard while adding digital sounds. less played on a piano that was different than johnson chopin's piano was different from the ones we played today over the centuries the instruments developed and today we have really different opportunities in tools and digital technology makes it possible to generate electronic sounds and the use of the data glove helps maintain the musical flow of the college and flows so. the movement of the fingers are converted into signals and these are transmit

concord naval weapons station. and i went out just to check out the situation. and discovered that on one side of the road. were literally hundreds of bloggers with all these weapons. there's a train track from these bunkers that came out and crossed the highway and then went out to the pier is where these balls were loaded on to the ships. we had a press conference in which that are in store planning to start a forty day fast. of our hearts conscience is what we were doing and why my son was there he's fourteen years old. brian and duncan murphy and david duncan. placed themselves on the tracks. automat brain. jane not a pretty sure thing you know we just go out there and we stand and then the train slows down and stops. a couple of people cross the road went over to the front gate of the station inform them that we were getting block in and there was already a train that we could see. how a box cars were going to show they had to. run to be sure that the engineer knew there was a dog or something on the rocks or

to the wig weapon. and that is an area, i think we need a lot more discussion about. it's been recommended as part of the nuclear posture review, the national defense strategy commission picked up on it and agrees with that. that's one of the things we can use to deter a russia, for example, and the other is to develop a kind of missile defense that would so complicate the planning that even if they send 200 missiles over and only figure 40 will get through will they have achieved their objective. if we can do that for a cost that fits in our national strategy to me that's the most logical way to prevent war from breaking out. that's what we're talking about. if we ever get into a nuclear conflagration with russia or china that's unthinkable. you have to stop it from occurring. you have to stop an adversary from miscalculating? how do you that? you have to calculate in many different ways to make sure the adversary can't succeed. >> general carlisle? >> i apologize. >> i didn't want to put you back on-t

nuclear weapons can be a big issue. there was a report from the congressional budget office talking about 23% increase for the next couple of years. cost, half 10 years, $1 trillion -- you have expressed concerns about these programs. i am interested in whether you think the u.s. should discontinue having land-based air continent of ballistic missiles. do we still need them? adam smith: there are two big things. one, we have a 22 trillion dollar debt. it will be $1 trillion this year. we have finite resources. there are some people who argue the deficit does not matter. i do not have time for that argument but i understand it and do not agree with it. finite resources factor in. then we look at the pentagon. -- had a report from the missile defense agency about the money they want. the air force said they need 25% more planes. the army once to get air strength up. we want to hundred 55 ships. we do not have enough money to do that. we have to make choices. two, our nuclear weapons, we need to upgrade them. they are agin

it can be used as a fuel for nuclear weapons.orth korea is likely continuing to develop ballistic missiles. there's significant activity at north korea's ballistic missile sites. >> reporter: recently, kim declared his country would no longer create or test nuclear weapons. analysts say that could be because he built an arsenal that could threaten the u.s. and his other rivals. >> it's likely north korea has produced enough material for 30 to 60 warheads and has perhaps assembled about 20 of those into actual weapons. >> reporter: as for the assessment that kim views nuclear weapons as critical to his regime's survival, analysts say that's in his dna. he believes it enables him to intimidate his neighbors and protect his regime. they say for that reason, total denuclearization of north korea is a bit of a pipe dream. >> i think they are interested in getting to zero at the same time that the rest of the world gets to zero. >> reporter: the cia director is hinting kim and his circle could be playing a double game, building their w