yes. fred mooney is our correspondent in west africa. thank you very much. now let's take a look at some other business stories making headlines. communities in madagascar are on the verge of starvation after the worst route and for decades, a devastated the south of the island. the world food program says more than a 1000000 people can be affected. the group estimates that nearly $80000000.00 is needed to fight the crisis by on tech says it's covered 1900 vaccine as effective against the variance currently circulating. the german company has also revealed its developing a booster shot of its job with us far my firm, pfizer biotech says it doesn't yet know how long protection would last. so this now former nice and boss carlos, go and has made daring getaways before. now he's done the same in the middle of an interview with the w. he was speaking to conflict, zoned, 10 sebastian, 18 months after escape from japanese custody. go and was facing charges of falsifying financial reports and breach and try. he's now in lebanon, which has no extradition agreement w

and anger about the way the french have operated in the portions of west africa. and the micron does not may present macros that may clear what the future is. he talked a very vaguely about special forces in the future, very vaguely about some international 4th. this is not a real serious proposal. this is not a serious solution to the crisis in the how, which is very deadly and very dangerous and has record is that i have not been incorrect by the french government. how do you think paris in private will view this operation which lasted for years? i'm sorry, how do you question, how do you think part is going to view this operation in privately which had lasted for years? do you think they'll view it as a success? i don't see how anyone can view this as a success that a french play very nasty will in many of these got all kinds of accusations, for example, in the coo and chide, had a very strong indications that that this was a power coo and that the french may have looked the other way, the french of been accused of all kinds of activities, and they're not well

this took place during germany's early 20th century colonization of what was then south west africa. all the court bits failed in may. germany agreed with the namibian government to provide $1300000000.00 in development aid for the next 2 years in germany has been dictating. and for me, it was like a case offer you ever met or relate this? and this person is the one to decide whether i have for it or not. and should that find myself guilty? what would be the best punishment or video that i can give myself so that that is how the whole process was not acceptable to the others to say the negotiations between the 2 governments excluded those directly affected by the genocide. when we 1st met eda hoffman, 4 years ago, she's been fighting for the direct payment of compensation. she fears the development aid will never reach the communities affected. her. our people took it to our resources. what people have become focused on during the genocide, these communities were robbed of their land and cattle today. many say they continue to suffer the legacy of being displaced. and that this chapt

so the 3 countries have been identified to produce the vaccines in west africa. but the question is the payton and how soon will they be able to produce this to address the current situation? these are countries that either low on trusting or have most of the communities living in them, avoiding coffee, 19 protocols. so this is a huge challenge, apart from that, that is the issue of the single currency. this has been on the table for decades and in 2020, that was this moved by countries like we can have fossil lead by i because been in and others saying that they are going to go ahead to implement the echo, which is the single kind of advocate and forced africa and up to now one year after that has not happened. so these are some of the issues they have discussed. and they also discuss climate change violence in the region and how to tackle them as well as are the key issues that include institutionally and economic reform of the regional block. i'm at interest in john, thank you. yo piano is preparing for parliamentary elections on monday. a vote comes as tens o

he's a former us diplomat onregional security officer in west africa. he's also a professor of political science and international affairs of the american university. joining us now via skype from washington dc. many thanks for speaking to us and out there. what do you make of these appointments in this new government in molly? so it was a little bit unexpected for me we have 4 key positions that went to army and fish. so in that sense, it's a more military military government following the qu. but we also had 5 positions. go to the in the are the m 5 opposition ment and even positions go to for rebels. and so that signals that the government is maybe less concerned about what the international think of it. but it's trying to endear itself to the molly and people and respond to some of their demands at least symbolically by bringing these people into the government. so that was quite interesting. how much support is that domestic play for the military and going to leadership? well, there was a lot of support with the removal of the previous government a

it covers more than 5000000 square kilometers across west africa, expert se securing such a huge area is almost impossible adding to the difficulties. there are also accusations that french troops have killed more civilians than they've admitted. for now, though, the french aren't completely going away. the plan is they'll be part of a new mission that relies more on regional and international partners. as you heard that frances operation in this a hell has experienced a number of challenges. a group of investigative journalist is alleging that paris is also failing to be transparent about the number of civilian casualties. a recent investigation on the website, the new humanitarian says, there are many incidences where the french troops have claimed to be targeting you had it, but in fact have ended up killing innocent civilians. let's speak to patricia law. a journalist who worked on that investigation patricia joins me now from johannesburg. south africa from is accused of killing innocent civilians and it's the how operations patricia, what did you find out in your investigation?

yes, they migrate at the end of march, the beginning of aprilfrom senegal in west africa, portugal, spains to come all the way here. they are beautiful birds and they are the only bird of prey that exclusively feeds on fish. pescatarians. they are, yes, they like their trout! for the early part of the 20th century these birds were hunted to extinction in the uk. conservation work led to their successful reintroduction and over the past few decades, their numbers have steadily grown. today it is estimated there are around 250 breeding pairs across britain. all the natural processes we talked about, that produces bigger, safer habitats for wildlife to thrive and the link with ospreys, i suppose, is quite symbolic. the first ospreys to come back to britain came back here in the 1950s and we are hoping that cairngorm can connect will bring back lots more nature as we move forward through 200 years. but there is more to the cairngorms than walks and wildlife. adventure companies offer zip lining, canyoning and something called white water tubing, riding one of these rubber rings downriver. i w

it covers more than 5000000 square kilometers across west africa, expert se securing such a huge area is almost impossible adding to the difficulties. there are also accusations that french troops have killed more civilians than they've admitted. for now, though, the french aren't completely going away. the plan is they'll be part of a new mission that relies more on regional and international partners. as you had that frances operation in this a hell has experienced a number of challenges, a group of investigative journalist is alleging that paris is also failing to be transparent about the number of civilian casualties. a recent investigation on the website, the new humanitarian says, there are many incidences where the french troops have claimed to be targeting to harris, but in fact have ended up killing innocent civilians that speak to patricia law. a journalist who worked on that investigation patricia joins me now from johannesburg. south africa, france is accused of killing innocent civilians and it's the how operations patricia, what did you find out in your investigation? so

we tend to west africa sides area where the government's decision to forbid access to twitter has riled up us. we are not in military region. we have right to freedom of speech and so we should be allowed to speak to charlotte. you should be allowed to use me. would i be on facebook where we should be allowed to use as my country to social media of our own and currently in the country goes all its voice on god. let them know what to do. so role tried to let them when i found out what have i be having in mind so far on best interest right now with the suspension came out with had to leave that a post on president account, citing evaluation of its rules. the band was widely condemned about the niger and foreign minister defended the move due in a meeting with diplomats. why would this measure is to see what we can re balance these media as well and so on. so i'm on this. i am now joined by jeff at module. he's an idea and blog off political commentator on social media acts that hello jeff, welcome to the program. so you have 1000000 followers on twitter. what are your thoughts on the ban?

we tend to west africa, nigeria, where the government's decision to forbid access to twitter. how's route use this? we are not in the military region, we have great to freedom of speech and so we should be allowed to speak. we should be allowed to use. we would be on facebook where we should be allows you that's my opinion is what i am so sorry about running currently in the country guys. oh, it was on god. let them know what to do is so roll gone. try to let them when i spend, what have i be having in mind so far on base because that's what i was efficient. the suspension came up with had to leave that a post on president how his account fighting evaluation of its rules. the band was widely gone, damned about to the niger and foreign minister defended the move due in a meeting with diplomats. why would this measure is to see if we can re balance media platforms for amanda. as i am now joined by jeff at all module, he's an idea and blogger, political commentator on social media acts that hello jeff, welcome to the program. so you have 1000000 followers on twitter. what are you

we tend to west africa, nigeria, where the government's decision to forbid access to twitter. how's route use this? we are not in military region, we have great to freedom of speech and so we should be allowed to speak to charlotte. you should be allowed to use. we would i be don't treat our facebook where we should be allowed to do that. my can be 2 days. what i show me the opposite are on and currently in the country goes all the voice on god let them know what to do. so rolled on trying to let them what i found i was of i be having in mind. so far will be right where the suspension came up with had to leave that a post on president how he's account fighting evaluation of its rules. the band was widely gone, damned about the idea and foreign minister defended the move, doing a meeting with diplomats. why would this measure is to see what we can re balance these media and platforms come on this. i am now joined by jeff at all module. he's a niger and blog off political commentator on social media acts that hello jeff, welcome to the program. so you have 1000000 followers on t

so yes, a lot of learning, something brought together implemented in west africa. the disease came back again and we were able to contain it. we were able to make show about their business for nothing on the problem. whereas african leaders are holding a regional summit in gone as capital member nations. if the economic community, if west african states or co us, all taking part, molly's latest who is expected to be high on the agenda along with regional security. the leaders worry the attacks from groups linked to al qaeda and i so could spillover from molly to neighboring countries. a speak to correspond an interest who joined us from abbey. john met eco last met only a few weeks ago to discuss molly. so what are they discussing this time round? what basically they want to assess the progress bad or otherwise. in molly, remember after the former president and prime minister was sucked by the military and there seem total control of the country. there was questions, no complaints. they were warning from economic community of west africa, stacy that this should not

you said lots of white soldiers to those, to the white man's grave as west africa still is. they still don't know how mon area is caused, and white children is going to die of fever. it's going to cost a lot of money. so people are reluctant into this, this event happens, this tragedy from the british point of view. and of course it has to be seen in the context of great jealousy and rivalry between the european powers, the german newspapers gloat over the british defeat at bending. and so i think it has to be seen in that context. there is a scramble for west africa and different imperial powers, the staking next line. bungie phillips, thank you. plaza for the show will be back on wednesday when the united nations discusses jo, buttons continue, economic commercial, financial embargo against cuba during the global corona virus pandemic into then keep in touch with social media. tell us if you think britain should return the been a bronze denija area. ah, what we've got to do is identify the threats that we have. it's crazy foundation. let it be an arms race is on often very

government humanitarian responses to things like the ebola outbreak in west africa. jeremy, thank you for being here with us today. we really want to hear what you have to say. >> thanks so much, andrew. that's a very generous introduction. so i want to talk today about how usaid and the administration at large are seeing the outlook. the intro there highlighted the challenges we're seeing in india and south asia, and i this it just underscores the challenging point that we are at, kind of caught in this gap for the year ahead with the hope of vaccines on the horizon, but the reality of large-scale vaccinations still distant from the world at large. for almost a year the world has been experiencing a global health crisis unlike anything we've seen in our lifetime. the u.s. is helping lead the world out of this pandemic and also to do that in a way that leaves the world better prepared to respond to future biological threats. the work of usaid which i'm leading will be central to this effort. i want to talk through some of our plans for tackling this next phase of the

so yes, a lot of learning, something brought together implemented in west africa. the disease came back again and we were able to contain it, move able to make show about it doesn't spread out on the problem. so you'll thing i heard you correctly there that effectively the playbook on pandemic was written 5 years ago. and yet we have had 15 months, if not more of this current virus pandemic. what was what was ignored? i think it was a lot of scientific chauvinism. the 1st 3 most about the experience of developing nations, one of the 2nd biggest economy in the world. busy experience falls from the buyers to lot of clinicians in collections i spoke to basically when you know, china, what do they know about health care? your be china. that was i had to join in. there were very, very well developed on the correct place. so they weren't supposed to look up the local experience of handful of cases, something you know, the information coming on in china. and one of the numbers thought that the increase you want to increase increasing. that was expectation that made public

certainly in west africa i spent time in ghana on the gold coast going to many of those slave forts, those castles. some of them are now world heritage sites, almost like tourist traps. they're impressive, you can go and look, but they don't have the kind of feeling of really the horror and the terror that i imagine it must have had in the 18th century. it's only when you get out to the smaller forts. there's a fort which was in the mid 18th century the most heavily trafficked fort on the gold coast but it hasn't been a world heritage site, it hasn't been redone and dressed up, there aren't a lot of tourists there. i went with other historians, two or three, and there i was on the beach at this fort and there my imagination in some ways, knowing what i knew about the history and being in the place could give me a sense of engagement with that history that was much deeper than i found in the well-touristed forts. and that was quite powerful. again, nothing conveyed directly by the history but by my investment of imagination and being in that place. and the same thing has happened in v

joyce mensa, until she had valves, an equal aqua poetic system developed in the volta region by to west africa entrepreneurs. each of the $24.00 pools on their farm contains its own small ecosystem. these aquatic plans plans that the fish know from nature. so because use them voraciously and they are very healthy. now is significant the part about the aquatic plants, because that is what makes the alga we produce unique and powerful. because these aquatic plans provide the bees nutrient from which the algo is call to veto. civil serve a dual purpose to grow all gave the fertilizer and raise fish for food. and frederick come back says the waters clean. i really don't have a problem getting concerned about does this, if a cation and so degradation in the region, the business partner spent years developing their idea. we have seen that soil be in to read it using on wholesome nutrients for, for farming. and it's causing a huge problem and for the environment as well for the quality of food. but it has to be affordable enough to make going organic, attractive to farmers. the fertilizer which sells

joyce mensa, until she had about an equal aqua for nick system, developed in the volta region, y to west africa entrepreneurs. each of the $24.00 pools on the farm contains its own small ecosystem. these aquatic plans plans that the fish know from nature. so because you them voracious me and they are very healthy. now, it's significant the part about the aquatic plants because that is what makes our gay. we produce unique and powerful because these aquatic plans provide the bees nutrient from which the algo is called to veto. civil serve do all purpose. to grow all gave for fertilizer and raise fish for food. and frederick come back, says the water is clean. i really don't have a problem can, can it concerns about does it's a vacation. and so degredation in the region, the business partners spent years developing their idea. we have seen that soil be into read it using on for some nutrients for, for farming. and it's causing a huge problem and for the environment as well for the quality of food. but it has to be affordable enough to make going. oh, gone, attractive to farmers. the fertilizer wh

migrate at the end of- they migrate at the end of march, the beginning of april from senegal in west africal the way here. they are beautiful birds and they are the only bird of prey that exclusively feeds on fish. pesky terriers. they are, yes, they like their trout! for pesky terriers. they are, yes, they like their trout!— they like their trout! for the early part — they like their trout! for the early part of _ they like their trout! for the early part of the _ they like their trout! for the early part of the 20th - they like their trout! for the l early part of the 20th century these birds were hunted to extinction in the uk. conservation work led to the successful reintroduction and over the past few decades, their numbers have steadily grown. today it is estimated there are around 250 breeding pairs across britain. fit]!!! there are around 250 breeding pairs across britain.— pairs across britain. all the natural processes - pairs across britain. all the natural processes we - pairs across britain. all the | natural processes we talked about, that produces bigger, safer habitats for wi

ago, german soldiers killed almost 100000 herero, a norma in the former colony of german sides, west africa. in 19, no 4 loiter von trotter gave the extermination order. it included women and children. now germany wants to recognize this of the genocide and has pledged 1100000000 euros for development projects. that's what the government negotiated with. i recro that's a deal between 2 governments and development aid. it has nothing to do with our demand for the parishes. they are fully us. for curl, a former attorney general in namibia and his supporters are still considering legal action. but previous attempts have already failed in several us court. we are on our way to the village of wilcox laura, 2 hours away by car here to the majority of the population is herero. and there are several traditional leaders on the bottom and she didn't ship think isn't good in existence. what are you doing for c m, as she is not? he's not that i'm not seeing. he's not the traditional leaders here. don't share a singular viewpoint. some support recur legal actions. others are in favor of the deal negotia

manuel macro has a nice reduction of french troops battling on groups in these the hell region of west africa. frances, more than $5000.00 troops under it, but can come to terrorism operation. it intervenes in molly, in 2013, to help push back alcorda and iceland fighters who overrun parts of the country. france recently suspended corporation with the molly and army form following a paragraph by a military june. so what was the headlines? witness is up. next news. news. news. news. this is the up in canada and we'll get through the the with the get involved as it turned out the nic and the one that happened to me in a young i just feel like when i get the baggage me in the me oh oh the the me ah ah ah, i agree 1st and foremost to lose you. free x. sorry, i didn't dress your my buy in the the fact that back that people don't full salary the black gate and lead to the was the little lumber food that the me on the the the, the, the the, the, the the in the the, the the, like i said, we're no names of the grassy young, serious the ready. okay. my language. i've been with them and own do it with t

every time i travel there, whether it be still west africa, people stop me and tell me how much we appreciate coverage. and our focus is not just on their suffering, but also on the more realistic and inspiring story. people trust to tell them what's happening in their communities at clear and i'm biased and that's an african . i couldn't be more proud to be autumn. you know, i was wrong to keep children away from their parents and hurt them into a school against their will. there was no money or no father fingers. they put us in a big playroom and we certainly looked after ourselves. i don't remember the children's names, but i'll never forget canada's dark secret. on al jazeera we understand the differences and similarities of culture across the world. no matter why you call out to 0, bring you the news and current affairs use algebra ah with. ready this is al jazeera ah hello there, i'm associate a, this is a news i live from headquarters here and coming up in the next 60000000. benjamin netanyahu could be out of office in a matter of days after 12 years as prime minister parliament verse

the so—called islamic state group in west africa, known as iswap, has said the leader of rival militants bloody jihadist campaign in north—east nigeria. his death has yet to be confirmed. russell trott reports. the leader of a violentjihad is the militant group even rejected by so—called islamic state is just too rejected by so—called islamic state isjust too radical, feared by pretty much everyone. and so when report circulated that echo three, the leader of the nigerian militant group boko haram had killed himself, they were met with relief and suspicion in equal measure. in an audio recording, is the next eight west africa province said he died exposing —— exploding detonations on himself after a battle between the groups and a voice to be that of iswap leader but now we said we are so happy, describing abubakar shekau as the big troublemaker, persecutor and destructive leader of the nation ——al—barnawi. iswap split from boko haram in 2016, objecting against women suicide bombers and indiscriminate attacks. it was in a school in shiprock where hundreds of girls were abducted by boko h

for many women from west africa the dream of coming to europe often and in a night.

an initiative to stop desert indication from east to west africa because of the rising temperatures and the lack of rainfall, most of the trees planted are either dying or already dead. and while polluting countries have recently pledged billions of dollars more funds for this project, people here say they're throwing money into the desert. they say they don't need more trees. but more access to water be part of the debate is self defeating the end because it in the us or in the u. k. because it will just come back again when no topic is off the table. what we wanted to talk about were the command white men touching a dream, where a global audience become a global community. jumping to the comment section, and part of the discussion there are like kinetic efforts to silence fell opinions on the online based on al jazeera. ah threatening words from to ryan forces and here again saying they will stop at nothing until the entire region is liberation. ah, hello there, i'm the soviet hey and this is out of their life and also coming up over a 100 people died during a record breaking each wav

and for more or less bring in the w west africa correspondence, fred maloney, joining us with the view from blake us. fred, tell us what more do we know about this attack? now at this early stage, we know that the un peacekeepers well on the pod troy, you know, done mighty in go go. and this is region which is known to be regional terrorists. several, you had these to put it in the region and why their way on, on this operation. that way, you know, they, for, in, in the bush on february. so it does, as you mentioned, a couple of them where we're in judge, and this is actually one of one of the biggest talks on un peacekeepers a 15 specifically in german soldiers in the region. thank you so much pride and i'm going to let you hop off now to do a little bit more reporting on the situation there on the ground. fred mooney, d w, west africa corresponded. thank you. and she political correspond that melinda crane joins us for more. now, melinda, what are you hearing from your sources? any confirmation on this? what is the german defense ministry saying? we got a confirmation from a speaker

on monday, west africa leda suspended. molly from the regional block, a co. it's molly 2nd coo and just 9 months. the leader of western sahara, as paula sorry, a front is leaving spain after the spanish high court 10 down a request for him to be taken into custody. raheem galleys, accused of war crimes, including genocide. he says the accusations against him politically motivated, golly, had been in spain, medical treatment, environmental authorities in shalonda, our testing dead fish that have washed ashore following a fire on board. a ship that burned for 30 days was carrying nitric acid and other hazardous materials. police have launched a criminal investigation. those headlines coming up next is witness. stay with us. me. ah. the all was on the web on the michael the on the high level hadn't played yet and i must them a few months. and i will jenny, be the mom, but you got my name when the she said, and it's probably fair. well let's, if i'm you can shoot me some plate on what i was. you know, i'm not always gonna have a shot at the bottom. oh, well let m

so your question was did i spend time in those landscapes some certainly in west africa spent quite a bit of time on in ghana on the gold coast going to to many of those those slave forts those castles and some of them are now like unesco world heritage sites in there, you know, they're almost like tourist traps, which they're impressive you can go and look but they don't have the the of feeling of of really the horror and the terror that i imagine must have had an 18th century. it's only when you get out to some of the smaller forts and it turns out there's a fort called onomabo which was in the mid 18th century the most heavily traffic fort on the gold coast, but it hasn't become a world heritage site. it hasn't been you know, kind of redone and dressed up and there are not a lot of tourists there, but i went there with another historian or two or three one early morning just before sunrise driving out from almina to anamabu. and there i was on the beach at this fort and they're my imagination in some ways knowing what i knew about the history and being in the place could give me a

in nigeria, there has been a power struggle between the islamic state west africa province — also knownria's capital — this is his assessment of the islamic state's growing popularity. what they are doing is trying to fill this vacuum of governance. they can take over a community, and then sometimes provide some amenities, like digging wells, in some of those communities, providing security for some of the people, even the people themselves are said to be happy to pay tax to them to allow them economic or commercial activities within their area, and these, many feel, not available even from the government themselves. i'm joined now by our security correspondent, frank gardner. thanks forjoining us. i suppose, as ever, it is easier to identify the threat than to respond to it, so i'm curious as to what these 40 countries who have come together are proposing they do that they have not already been doing? weill. proposing they do that they have not already been doing?— already been doing? well, they are cominu already been doing? well, they are coming very — already been doing? well, they

sister brought africa in august 2011 to testify before a subcommittee and told us he moved his family to uganda for pediatric neurosurgery for the children's hospital of uganda. that's how west estimated 100,00 or 335,000 new cases of hydrocephalus each and every year in africa to build capacity for effective treatment he trained ugandans to be neat neurosurgeons they come in and train the local doctors and they have been very successful at that. yet resources dedicated to address these needs remain adequate and prematurere for isolation for millions of those who are affected doctor warf, i'll be brief on this, inexpensive technology the sophisticated technique and a cure children hospitals has been using called etv and i hope he can explain it because it's an amazing, an amazing way as you pointed out in your opening of the outcomes that are amazing. but we finally say that the old-timers association estimates 50 million people have been diagnosed with alzheimer's or b related dementia and the co-chair the alzheimer's caucus in congress as well as autism and hydrocephalus we will see an explosion of alzheimer's cases like i said 50 million is a number that is estimated glob

every time i travel, whether it be still west africa, people stop me and tell me how much we appreciate coverage. and our focus is not just on their suffering, but also on the more realistic and inspiring story. people trust to tell them what's happening in their communities in a clear and unbiased. and that's an african. i couldn't be more proud to be autumn . you know? oh, well challenges ever me so robin and reminder of our top stories rescue workers are looking for survivors after an apartment building collapsed in miami, in florida, at least one person has died and nearly 100 unaccountable president joe biden has approved a state of emergency. it ordered federal agencies to help. we have dogs out in the middle of the night looking for survivors in the, in the rubble. but it was just so dangerous and so dark that they made one pass and they did not get any hits.

manu my call has announced a reorganization of frances military presence in this a how region of west africa. 5000 french soldiers have been deployed to fight arms groups linked to al qaeda. and iso france recently suspended cooperation with molly and ami following a q. is there any police have fine stun grenades and pig out palestinians in them and follow the visitor? far right. politician. calling for a mark through the old city authority say, can go ahead next week if the route is changed. a claim a vote afford and peruse. presidential election is threatening to cause weeks of political wrangling, the socialist pitcher castillo holes, and narrow lead over the conservative rival, keiko for g. maury, after sunday's pole. brazil supreme court is allowing the copper america football tournament to go ahead despite the career of ours pandemic, a 10 nation event is due to kick off on sunday. those are your headlines. these continues here on out there, off the witness. stay with me . i me ah ah ah ah ah, he goes away. by the way, oh no more thing on the settlement. if it took us, he was getting u

an initiative to stop dessert if occasion from east to west africa. because of rising 10 pictures and the lack of rainfall, most of the trees planted are either dying or already dead. and while polluting countries have recently pledged billions of dollars more in funds for this project, people here say they're throwing money into the desert. they say they don't need more trees. but more access to water. ah. and there are money inside and throw yourself stories on al jazeera right wing nationalist naphtali bennett has been sworn in as israel's new leader of to parliament approved a new code issue. government by a narrow margin. it ends benjamin netanyahu, the 12 year grip on power. but it lead to coalition of a policies with vos audiological differences, but is promising to bring unity to a divided nation. and the few come surely, you mean we are at the start.

psychiatrist for every 2000 children for adolescents needing care which is still a shortage but in west africa it's one for 3.5 million. in terms of the causes it's really as a note it's crucial to know the cause of the disease to treat it most effectively. autism has a biomedical origin just like other common brain disorders in psychiatric disorders. most risk for autism is genetic. there is room for environmental causes. we know birth complications and preterm birth can cause autism as well. but genetic studies have led to a revolution in our anderson of the disorder. just like for alzheimer's diseases was mentioned earlier. and more than 100 genes that identified are serving as targets for the development of new therapies in industry and academia. ancestry plays a a big role in genetic risk such that different ancestry may have different genetic contributions to disorders like autism. however, very little work is been done to elucidate genetic causes of autism in african-american or african population. studying diverse ancestries outside of a groups study has substantial advantages by enabl