you can see there, west berlin is pale white. east berlin, i guess, is matching the contours of east germany. i'll talk about checkpoint charlie and the other checkpoint, bravo, which we used one time in this particular exercise. the berlin crisis began in 1958 when khrushchev issued a challenge to the west. he said, i want you to sign a peace treaty for berlin and for germany and when that peace treaty is signed all of the rights that the allies enjoyed will pass to the gdr, the german democratic republic, because they are the ones who are sovereign in berlin and in what he called the gdr. if they do not agree -- if the allies do not agree to sign that, i will sign the treaty with the gdr. the gdr will impose its rules on whoever wants to come into berlin. this was a direct challenge. it created a lot of commotion in the west. it created conferences. one particular conference with eisenhower and khrushchev when khrushchev visited the united states. he did not get to disneyland much to his sorrow. but he got to a lot of other plac

they were authorized to come into west berlin. he looked around and he said, we have tanks, too, which was not exactly a mystery to us. and lo and behold within 24 hours, there was a group of soviet tanks that appeared on an empty lot in east berlin. their markings had been rubbed down and covered so they could have been east german. but journalists and others went up to the tanks and heard the crew speaking russian. we knew they were russian. clay was delighted. he said this is exactly what i told kennedy i wanted to have. i wanted the russians to come forward. the next thing he did was bring the american tanks up to the checkpoint. then we had an an odd issue. we brought our tanks up to the checkpoint and pulled them back. the russians came up and saw we were not there. they pulled back. it went on like this for a while. then suddenly, on the evening of the 27th, which is the day we celebrate today, the 50th anniversary, both groups of tanks appeared at the same time. they faced each other about 100 feet apart with their guns po

you can see there, west berlin is pail white. east berlin is matching the contours of east germany and the checkpoint charlie which i'll talk about and then, of course, the other checkpoint bravo with which we use only one time in this particular exercise. the berlin crisis began in 1958, when krusef said sign a peace treaty for berlin and germany and 5u8 the rights that the allies have enjoyed will pass to the gdr, the german democratic republic because they're the ones who are suffering in berlin and what he called the gdr. and if they do not agree, if the allies do not agree to sign that then i will sign the treaty with the gdr and they can impose their rules on whoever wants to come into berlin. this was a direct challenge. it created a lot of commotion in the west. it created conferences, one particular conference between eisenhower and this kruskhev but he got to a lot of other places besides disneyland and between eisenhower and the others they held him back for a while and nothing very much had happened except there was a

berlin. and that and the soviet forces on the west german border to tell them to shut up this time. and perhaps perhaps, even to impress -- the kinds of things they would okay to exert pressure on the allies to get them out of berlin. later, he told his son that he had expected kennedy, quote, to protest to protest a little more. and then to accept the missiles. he thought that kennedy would back down. kennedy, by 1962, was a different man from what he had been in 1961. the evolution of young presidents is something that for those of you who enjoy writing dissertations and thinking of topics should look at. because it's fascinating topic. he was many things but one of them one of them he was an enormously quick learner. by 1962 he went through the berlin crisis. he would know what worked and what didn't work and he was ready to take the kind of action which you know. i'm not going to go through the details. you know the story of what happened in cuba. interestingly enough the day that kennedy made his speech or the next day, about the missiles, they began withdrawing from east german

just don't take west berlin. he signaled to them pretty clearly, take what you have to take to protect your soviet realm and you don't want anywhere workers clean to the west. to which you have to do, but nowhere. it's easy to say or for anyone to argue and say we should've been tough. it leads to consequences. any other story would've been better off in the nuclear war. outside of that is the russians back down or we got down there neither side backs down. if you're kennedy had gotten from all of this was world war i, world war ii, world war iii, the national progression is each site does what it feels it has to do step-by-step. you create a situation where both sides find themselves killing each other over something that both sides want to do. and that is where presidents differ from historians. >> host: we will continue on the major points. but now come a little diversion back to presentation. i remember going to the news conference. it would mean think about asking a question in the auditorium. to be at the b

just don't take west berlin. he signaled to them pretty clearly, take what you have to take to protect your soviet realm in which you don't want any workers fleeing to the west you do what you have to do, but no more. it's easy for anyone to argue that we should have been tough. tough is not a metaphor. elise to consequences. outside of that, either the russians back down are we back down or neither side that count. and if you're kennedy had gotten was that launches country in world war i, world war ii, world war iii is each side does what it feels it has to do step-by-step and you create kind of a situation where both sides find themselves killing each other over something both sides didn't want to do. and that's where presidents differ from historians. >> host: we will continue in the major points of this president be. a little diversion batch of presentation. i remember going to the news conference. they had to think about asking a question they would hold in the new state auditorium. but we think about the wi

west berlin in a matter of hours which would have been terrific for europe. horrific or nuclear weapons to stop them in their tracks? he said i will not go to the step because that stuff is horrible. that puts us in a position of launching a third world war and he knew this. i can add a tremendous sense of command to say just say no. that my work and it might not but as time went on it became more likely it would not work they knew we cannot use the nuclear weapon i am not sure the brits that we would so it was not a good laugh and kennedy realize that. then he realized that then he knew he had to do something about and the best thing that ever happened remember fulbright the chairman of the foreign relations committee had a key signal to the russians. we can live with that. donte qwest berlin. he signaled pretty clearly take you have to take to protect. no more. >> host. >> guest: it is easy to say now we should have been tough but that is not a metaphor. to save you would have been better off with a nuclear war? outside of that either the russians back down

the berlin wall was supposed to be a move by kennedy by akbastau parkway westing the berlin wall -- by acquiescing the berlin wall. but actually a year later you had the cuban missile crisis. you had an increase that the threat of nuclear war. because the leader of the soviet union and kruschev decided through what he had seen in 1961 that kennedy he could take advantage of kennedy. >>> what are lessons for modern policy makers from 1961? >> the united states shifts world events through actions and inaction. that the perception of american weakness is almost as dangerous as weakness. and in 1961, kruschev perceived america as weak. the american president as weak. even though we had huge military superiority, particularly in a nuclear sense and that led to a near nuclear war over cuba a year later. >>> fred, thanks very much. coming up, america's top >>> seals landing from a nuclear submarine emerging on pitch dark somalian beaches. special operations units teeming with kenyan and forces from ethiopia. a series of stories detailing america's secret offensive in the horn of offer ca. sea

and kennedy is trying to convince him that relations are actually improving, the developments in west berlinplaces, the cold war tensions are easing. the foreign minister is constantly saying, no, i do not think so. he is less encouraged by this. kennedy is trying to put a positive spin on what is happening in the cold war. host: why did kennedy want these recordings? guest: a good question. he never said why but he was historically minded. it was a prize-winning author. he had a very strong sense of history. our best estimate is that he wanted these for his memoirs. . they had one about jfk had called johnson and was on to him about the c.i.a. and a coup. accused him of having a coup. and six months before kennedy was shot, he put out 600 million dollars i think it was that did not go through the fed and none of them like that. guest: one of the big issues that they're discussing in the summer, late summer and fall of 1963 when these record's came out is the coup in vietnam. and this is actually a very active topic of discussion within the united states government. there's a very big split

northbound at the coyote valley looks good up to mountain view, said its 85 to the west valley. 101 southbound in berlin is delay free from to nevada to the golden gate bridge area >>darya: a high-school teacher in livermore is behind bars, accused of having a sexual relationship with the boy under the age of 15. officers arrested marie johnson yesterday. police say that she had multiple sexual encounters with a student over a six month period of time. cuthat this point investigators believe only one boy is embarked. the man accused of raping three women in the mission district is due back in court tomorrow. he faces 26 felony counts including attempted murder, attempted rape and multiple kidnappings charges. he has not entered a plea stand is being held without bail. >>mark: we could know by tomorrow at san francisco's new share of will face a domestic violence charges. the alleged victim is his wife. the incident was reported to police by a neighbor. the district attorney is reviewing the evidence and is close to a decision. >> any case of domestic violence is a top priority. there is so much at stake

berlin, she urged both sides to resume negotiations. the palestinians have withdrawn from peace talks in protest that continued israeli settlement activity in the westank. >> middle east peace talks have been stalled for more than three years. the german chancellor would consider it a success of current meetings restarting formal negotiations did not collapse. she was cautiously optimistic after meeting the palestinian president. >> there have been many attempts already, so we will not be discouraged. both sides are at least talking to each other again. that was not the case for many months, and we want to take advantage of this opportunity. >> mahmoud abbas welcomed the talks under way in jordan, but he accused israel of undermining the peace process by continuing settlement construction. together with the eu and u.s., angela merkel has called on israel to stop on building in the west bank and east jerusalem. the host of the preparatory talks, the king of jordan, was in washington this week to brief president obama on their progress. both emphasized their wish to see progress on the seemingly intractable issue of settlements. >> a suicide attack in

berlin. it was here that tens of thousands of soviet troops are stationed, the very cream of the red army, ready to defend communism against the west in the event of a war that, mercifully, never happened. this theater used to entertain the russians who were stationed here. here, they could watch classic by checkoff or pushkin in their own language. the troops were drawn back home to mother russia. over the post cold war years, a great number of russians have chosen to visit, and even to set up home in the city that they dreamed about. berlin. a russian could feel quite at home in berlin. >> while living, working, and even partying in their mother tongue. it is full of russian speakers. >> this city is very creative and you feel comfortable here. >> vladimir came here in 1990 and says he is a russian in his private life and a writer by profession. >> to facilitate the administration of society, the americans invoke -- invented the electric chair. the russians, the home distiller. the germans, the ring binder. >> his new book is "with love from germany." he also loves his home country, the former soviet union. >> i don't love my sov

berlin. all of that cold air funneling right down into athens down to 7. parts of serbia, croatia some significant snow. out to the west a few degrees warmer than usual for london, paris and madrid and liz don. here's your extended forecast. >>> more news at the top of the next hour. please stay with us on nhk world.

berlin by president christian wulff. he's due for talks with chancellor merkel on thursday. he is looking for international support to stop israel from building settlements in the westank. that is the main palestinian condition for the resumption of full peace talks. meanwhile, lawyers for christian wulff said it will publish the catalog of answers to journalist questions of the president's personal loan scandal. some 240-pages of answers will be uploaded on the internet. the president has been under fire over a private home loan and vacation stays at the homes of wealthy business friends. he promised full disclosure in a television interview last month, but until now, his lawyers have blocked the move. the berlin fashion week has kicked off, and alongside the traditional mainstay in fashion, a lot of petition will be played to green where an ethical levels. it is a trend that more and more designers are falling. includes a sequim material, applying fair labor practices, and using traditional made by hand techniques. we caught up with a green show >> wild german luxury labelin.- escada kicked off fashion week with this new sports line, there was a different take on

berlin crisis is considered a milestone of the cold war by many historians. built in august of 1961, the wall straighted is the city in two parts. east and west. two months later in october of 1961, soviet and u.s. tanks

with that, just don't take was berlin are co he signaled to them clearly, take what you have to take to protect your soviet round but you don't want workers going to the west do what you have to do but no war. it's easy for camp to say. we should have been tough the tough is not a metaphor. it leads to consequences. outside of that, the russians backed down are we back down or neither side ask down. the fear kennedy had gotten from reading barbara tok was wet launches countries and to world war ii and world war iii is each side does what it feels it has to do step-by-step and you create a ruth goldberg situation where both sides find themselves killing each other over something both sides did not want to do. that is where presidents differ from historians. >> host: we will continue on the major points of the presidency but now it differs and back to presentation. i remember going to the news conference. i didn't have the guts to think about asking a question. >> guest: you could wave your hand at that time are co. >> host: we think about the way it. this was not scripted. the questions were usually pretty softball but not always. so he could have couldn't

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