western alliance with a grave, new threat. hundreds of new and more deadly ss-20 nuclear missiles capable of striking every capital in europe. the western alliance responded by committing itself to a counterdeployment. unless the soviets agreed to negotiate a better solution, namely the elimination of such weapons on both sides, for many months the soviets refused to bargain from ernestness. as the count deployment prepared to go forward, there were difficult days, days of protests like those during my 1982 visit to this city. and the soviets later walked away from the table. but through it all, the alliance held firm and i invite those who protested then, i invite those who protest today, to mark this fact -- because we remain strong, the soviets came back to the table. because we remained strong, today we have within reach the possibility not merely of limiting the growth of arms but eliminating for the first time an entire class of nuclear weapons from the face of the earth. as i speak, nato ministers are meeting in iceland to review the progress of our proposals for eliminating these weapons. at at talks in geneva, we hav

moreover it moved western europe one step closer to having a unified financial market.n more important, it forced many fiscally profligate countries such as italy to clean up their act. however, between the official launch of the euro as an electronic currency in january 1999 and the circulation of coins and bills three years later, the currency markets gave the euro a big thumbs down as you can see in the graph. the value of the euro against the dollar fell by almost 30% before rebounding in 2002. the lack of confidence in the euro can be attributed to many factors. however, the biggest concern has been that the one-size-fits-all monetary and fiscal policies imposed by the european monetary union have hurt growth. specifically, many analysts and government leaders have complained that the new european central bank has kept interest rates too high in an tempt to establish its inflation-fighting credibility. also, the various treaties that set up the ground rules for the single currency have put a fiscal straitjacket on all the member countries. this has created some rat

here the idea being that germany is not fit to stand among the u members of western europe. and then this book i really like is that there's something flawed in german culture that led them to start this war and to engage in an unjust conflict against at the belgian civilian population. what's interesting about the first world war is that the print culture is so advanced, that even in putting together this exhibit, we were sort of swimming in sources. so it's not the first time thatt propaganda is used. but it is certainly a very treasure trove of propaganda. a lot of this propaganda that's both in this case and in this p belgian represented by generation that needs to be stopped. before further damage is done to the belgian and french german -- germany would commit reprisals against civilian populations, for example if there was a sharp shooter in the belgian village, in order to find the sharp shooter, germany would shoot armed civilians as a form of reprisa reprisals. one of the most famous things was that belgian soldiers were bayonet because the case was so overstated i

i think that actually for those of us living in the united states or western europe, the question of technology is more important to globalization. so i think there are sort of many answers to this question, but they're never trivial to find. >> host: the best startups, you write, might be considered in less less straightly extreme cults. cults tend to be fanatically wrong about something important. >> guest: i think a great startup is always united bay sense of mission -- by a sense of mission, what the company is going to do that nobody necessary the world is going to do. when my paypal colleague, elon musk, started space ex-in 2002, the goal was to be the first company to build rockets that would be powerful enough to send human beings to mars. very inspiring goal. nobody necessary the world thought it was possible. most people wouldn't even think this made sense. but it inspired talented group of rocket scientists to come together and help build the company. it's a sent of if we did not do this, if we were not working on this, nobody else would. it's very powerful and it is sort

each person produces more than two kilos of waste a day more than twice as much in western europe. >>ew york is one of the best places to bring in the new year. there are rehearsals even for the confetti. >> 3, 2, 1. happy new year! >> new year's eve already? you would think so with the confetti fluttering in times square. there was a dry run for the main moment. >> we are celebrating new year's eve today. it is amazing. >> we are from oklahoma. this doesn't happen there. >> more than 900 kilograms of confetti will be tossed onto the crowd of about one million revelers in times square. >> you have to make sure they all break out separately. you have to make sure they are air-worthy. there are crazy wind patterns in new york city. they were going up down, and sideways. >> this is no ordinary confetti. people have written wishes on them. >> time to take a look at what is making news at this hour. 40 bodies have been retrieved from the sea off the island of borneo. found guilty of fraud. alexei navalny received a suspended prison sentence. he said charges are politically motivated. the d

not until three years ago did parts of western europe get on board. sweden and iceland recognize palestine. lawmakers in three other countries approve non-binding resolutions, and france is now on the way to do the same. >> this action of the french parliament gives us hope that we will have our independent free country in the future. >> reporter: france has europe's largest jewish and muslim population. it has been rocked by violent protest in recent months. >> if you radicalize those in israel we don't want to hear about a palestinian state, and if you radical those in palestine, continue to deny the rights in israel. >> so far the attacks of french jews, and many are moving to israel in record numbers. >> a move like this condones the actions against jewish people in france. >> supporters hope it will force a move where little seem to change. >> if you want to have peace, peace has to go on two legs, and two legs mean two states. >> this will likely not change france as support for israel since that is decided by the president, but it's foreign min

and the blame is the united states, and it's puppet western europe. >> all right, let's talk about the news today, the e.u., iunderstand noing today that it is banning investment and targeting the oil sector. halting help, and gas exploration, and outlawing european cruise ships from stopping at crimea porteds now is that significant. you suggested on tuesday, this may not be the time for new sanctions. >> i still think it is not the time, but i think it is very significant, because russia does rely on western europe, in investment, also it is i think very significant for the russians that are not going to stop there any more i think that is incredibly significant, so putin needs to push his message even further and have more enemies even more. otherwise they will start looking at their own position and be very upset. >> how much trouble is the russian economy in right now? are we looking at shades of 1998. >> i think we are looking at shades of 1998, we are almost embracing it. the difference between now of course and 1998, is that russia was very upset about what happened. and also -

it is politically nerve-racking for the baltics and for poland, but in the economic impact, if western europe they will be fine in spite of russia. x one of the things we've seen in a stern europe is the central bank of poland is dropping, and the others feel compelled to follow. is that a trend you see continuing now? >> yes, and they were cushioned a bit this year by increasing domestic demand as exports dropped with russia and germany not doing as well as people thought, but that domestic demand cannot quite hold up, so we see central european growth drop from a little bit over 3% this year to a bit below 3% next year, so central bank's will react a bit to that. >> i want to bring you back to russia because prime minister megadeth -- because prime says what isedev going to keep it from collapsing to $80, $90, or $100? >> i do not know. it is a serious question for them. they have a fundamental distrust in their own banking system, and you see domestics leaving the ruble for dollars was up this is what drives you weaker, not foreign speculation, the russians losing faith. >> erik nielsen, t

chapters of saint john's text into an extraordinarily action-packed visual adventure which swept western europe. it made him the most famous graphic artist of his day. the series was of enduring fame used by artists, sculptors, painters, graphic designers for the next 500 years. albrecht durer was clearly a precocious artist. he was the son of a nuremberg goldsmith and drew this portrait of himself at the age of 13. he became the first artist in western art to make a detailed series of self-portraits throughout his life analyzing his changes of mood and image. durer studied nature with the same incisive vision with which he analyzed himself. he was one of the first artists to paint water colors from direct observation. he wrote "we german artists "have grown up like wild trees in the forest, knowing nothing of the rules of proportion and perspective." these water colors were painted while durer was traveling from nuremberg to venice. he wished to learn from italian art and to have his status as an artist acknowledged in the land of the renaissance. venetian paiings from around 1500 show the cit

human beings need more connection than we have right now, especially in the united states and western europeso to noah's point i think a large part of what is driving the sharing economy is not just economics, but a desire to form genuine connections with other human beings. >> air b&b was just valued at more than $10 billion. scott is there a gap growing between companies that aggregate these services and the people who are providing them? >> i think that's a really important point here. you know, you have got a split between the more locally focused, community focused or models that work on a smaller scale, something like what noah is talking about, having a meal around a table works better in some cultures more than others. so that's going deep into community. then you have these services like uber and lift, and air b&b that are going for scale. now they have had a new round come in at hundreds of millionsover dollars and valuation for $10 billion. that's the kind of optimized scale, logistical play. and i look at that as sort of building community on a local level in the same way. >> sco

this negative sentiment carried over to western europe, the u.s., now here in japan. the nikkei index is trading below 17,000 for the first time in one month. the index is exactly at 16,807. a loss of 1.7%. investors are selling stocks across the board, major exporter shares are being heavily sold on a stronger yen. so, on to currencies now. traders are buying the yen against other major currencies since they regard the japanese currency as a safer asset as global stock markets are falling. at other markets, we are seeing a negative picture in this part of the world. kospi trading lower by more than half a percent. in australia, we are seeing losses bigger than a third a spernt. officials at the bank of japan say people who run businesses are feeling less confident about the future. officials at the central bank lease leased the results from their latest survey. they say manufacturers plan to boost capital investment by more than 12% this fiscal year. central bank officials say the number of managers who can't find enough workers is much greater than those who have to

willing to accept these refugees we are certainly not going to open our gates here nor is western europe. it is necessary to understand what the asigh legal geem to regime, the debate you're following in washington about 11 million illegal immigrants who have been accumulating over the last quarter-century, lebanon has gotten about a million new people, about 25% of its population over the last three years. imagine what would happen here were we to entertain over the last three years an infusion of 70 million or so refugees. very, very tall order. >> steven taravelli you have laid out the monetary challenges facing your agency. in the midst of a large sufnt sustenance campaign. >> the answer is no we have not had to cut rations for the syrian refugees since the beginning of the conflict at least four years ago. that is the first for the emergency on this scale but i would have to say yes we are cutting rations in other parts of the world and other activities because the donors who support our work are just themselves stretched so thin by the demands of our work on five what we call level

we don't want russia and turkey signing a long-term contract deal because the last thing that western europe and germany is for turkey continue holding onto the pipelines. let's push for the south stream to happen which means german funding, german backing. that's just in the last 24 hours. germany has increased it's import on former soviet fuel by over 52%. china, they're thinking in 10-, 20-, 30-year cycles, these pipelines are going to be built, and it's the largest construction project going from russia to china. that's phase one. you'll see multitudes of this being built. today's spot line is relevant. yes, it's not great for the producers, but it could be worse. let's see what happens at $40-, $45 oil. that's what we've seen in the last four months. >> bloomberg news wrote, he thought he was a strong leader, and now the same putin, he has all the power, but everything is collapsing. what does an economically weak russia do in the near term to political russia? >> you have to put everything in the context of sanctions. sanctions are nothing more than war by other means. we're engaged in

he said that he basically applauded beating western europe. and after tax corporate profits were going up. so he was fighting to the very end for tax cuts and saying, that is what gives you the strongest expansion in world economic history. >> and this president is going to fight to the very end of his term, i think, for the opposite, for very anti-business matters, right? >> i think he's just fighting for relevancy and for attention when he's no longer getting it. let's be fair, his presidency essentially ended the end of 2012. that's one reason the economy is starting to grow. we've got gridlock. i think it's going to help the republicans because the voters don't buy what he's going to do. what do we need from the republicans? a president who is pro-economic freedom and you will get business growth. >> i agree with john that the voters aren't buying it. but the fact is he's going to be the president for the next two years. he can do a lot of executive action. he's the head of the democratic party for the next two years right into the next pr

everybody went through a tough time six years ago and we have done better than western europe and otherlaces. >> i said 64 million people signed up for obamacare. it is actually 6.4 million. >> he only missed it by 57. >> chris christie is not exactly getting into the christmas spirit. in an interview last night, the candidate to be that not always seem fully ready for prime time. often, governor christie just did what governor christie does best -- attack his questioner. >> are you ready for one question? i see you are. >> i don't answer questions just because you ask them. if i don't have an answer, i am not giving you want. i don't talk about issues that i don't have information about. >> i am not going to sit here and negotiate on live television. negotiating with you does nothing for the people of new jersey. the way they spend your money is much more important than you spend. >> they meaning? >> the democrats in the legislature. >> last big tv interview jeb bush did, he was a lot smoother. my question is how much does chris christie need to up his game to be considered a top-tier

in the united dates produces more than two kilos of waste a day, more than twice as much as in western europe. >> a reminder of the top stories this hour -- wreckage and bodies from the air asia flight have been recovered in the java sea. indonesian authorities believe they have found that crash site. russian opposition figure alexei navalny, and the united nations secured income slicks back to devote within hours calling for an end to israeli occupation. >> it was a pretty dire stock market day for european indices with the main indices in london, paris, as well as frankfurt finishing in negative territory. it was political turmoil in greece that we really -- that really weighed on shares after a snap election was called in greece. fitch was warned that prolonged political uncertainties would hurt the nation's credit rating as the ratings agency said it was unclear that the election would produce an outright winner. one of the questions now is weather the turmoil increase could have economic ripple effects elsewhere in the eurozone. we take a closer look at that. >> may 2012, greek party lea

that is better than in western europe.me in on december 31, 1999 when boris yeltsin surprised the -- steppedtep down down. inflation was between 5 and 10%. that is when you had jim o'neill extolling the version's -- extolling the brics. disposable income rose 10% a year every year and now i said at the beginning they are forecast to fall by 3%. the comparables are not great. the lastnot do them in fx check. we have gary greenberg here and he was saying what is the possibility of default and possibility of vrable intervention. they are not going to intervene. what is the people you're talking to? >> the feeling is they will not intervene. going on. joke the oil price will hit 63. bech i have to say has to unfathomable. >> we have to wait until next year for those? >> the ruble was at 34 to the dollar last year and now it is at 54. it is on its way down. let's watch what happens in 25 minutes when we get the real liquidity. it is declining this morning. the reality of the situation only helps the russian government balance t

, no hint at all that russia is considering softening its position on crimea, which of course western europe and the united states reacted so strongly against imposing sanctions against russia, specifically because of the annexation of crimea, which has judged illegal in western europe and the united states, an illegal annexation of ukrainian territory. >> of course it's an important speech in terms of either preparing russians for pretty hard times to come, or for really encouraging people to make a difference. but i suppose a huge amount does still hinge, frankly, on what happens elsewhere in the rest of the world. oil prices in particular. >> i think it does. i mean, russia's economy is very, very heavily dependent on energy exports. it has been always, in their 14 years that president putin has been in power here, one way or the other, he's done very little to change that. that's something that he has been criticized for sbhomewhat, particularly in the newspapers here, that failure to diversify the economy. i think russia is clearly seeing the effects of that now. the global oil price ha

they have walked to macedonia from greece on their way to serbia and then western europe.this footage a migrant has taken refuge in a tunnel. at night he is very difficult to see. while here, another is hanging from a bridge to avoid the oncoming train he has only just spotted. >> translator: it's really sad to watch these people. they are exhausted. even when i warn them with the whistle, they cannot move off of the tracks. that's how tired they are. it causes real problems for us. it's very stressful for us. >> reporter: but the stress for the migrants is even worse. they have been walking for days. and have already been sent back to serbia three times. one man asked for his face not to be shown, because he used to work in afghanistan for a firm from the united states. >> the taliban two time, not one, two, three times they give me warning. after that they attacked my car, and also set a small bomb in my home. >> reporter: this girl is just four years old. she and her father have prepared food for the journey to germany. her mother is waiting there. one of many people wh

. >> that would be energy to western europe you're referring to, right? >> exactly. >> i hear you say it's in a better position than it was 15 years ago and so the west needn't worry quite to the extent that we did back then but you may have heard in the prior segment, former ambassador of the ukraine, saying the only way russia can get out of this mess is to have access to foreign currency markets. do they have that? >> no, they don't have that. i believe he's right. i think that's the way out for russia. certainly the most strags forward way out for russia. but it doesn't mean we have the financial crisis that ends in default for russia. could be mr. putin to let the currency fall further and print more money at home to pay wages, allows a lot of inflation to creep up, even to explode. and let the problem and the pain be felt by the russian people worst while he consolidates his military gains into political gains in the eastern ukraine and then once he has those regions, he can be more open minded about negotiating or perhaps even his oligarch friends

our infrastructure is a scandal when compared to western europe.candalously decaying and in ruins. so business profit's good, and employment back up a bit. yes. true. but lower levels of life. >> not business profits, they're at an all-time high. >> but if they can lower their cost, if you can operate what many businesses do outside the boundaries of the law, whether there's the wage and however law, if those bureaucracies have been stripped bare so they can't enforce them even if they wanted to, you look at a society that's recovering, but recovering at some lower level of life for most people. that's why the media says, president obama says what's the problem, the economy is getting better and people persist and say, no, it's not really. they don't seem to believe the statistics and the headlines. there's good reason for that, because for many, many millions of people, life is really not improving. >> so is what's happening today historical inevitability or like the first gilded age class war? >> i think it's -- it's class war that hasn't broken

the economies are lagging behind those of western europe. china is establishing a stronger presence in develop regular johns by investing in infrastructure projects such as roads and power plants. next year's conference is expected to take place in china for the first time. >>> people in north korea are observing the end of formal mourning for their leader. kim jong-il died three years ago. state run media is commemorating kim's life and also highlighting the reign of his son and successor. a female announcer on state-run television read out a tribute to the late leader as she introduced a new documentary on his life. since kim died, north korean officials have been putting the spotlight on the achievements of the current leader, kim john un. they praised rocket launches. officials in pyongyang say the rockets have carried satellites. but western analysts believe they carried long-range missiles. state media reported that a panel met last week to discuss technology for launching rockets. that suggests that north korea's nuclear and missile p

cabinet to vote for war -- was because he was convinced an army would be required in the field in western europeand so when he was asked after the war what he thought the navy's greatest contribution to the war was, he said it was transporting the army. now, he claimed, i have not been able to independently verify this, but he claimed not a single life of a u.s. serviceman or woman was lost on a navy vessel while being transported to france, and so that was in his view the single most important thing that the navy did in getting the army to france. in terms of how they got them over there with the u-boat menace in the atlantic, it was primarily through convoying. the british had thought that individual vessels had a better chance of making it across the atlantic than groups of vessels in convoy. daniels' admirals were split on this and he voted for the convoy system, and that was how they were able to get the troops across, but also they were able to get food and other supplies to the british and the french to keep them in the war. again, going back to daniels' quote in his diary, the stomach is

was western europe involved in any way? >> i think it is interesting the last meeting, the last round of talks happened at the vatican this fall. it is interesting for a number of reasons but one of them the cuban church, the catholic church in cuba has a frosty relationship with the government, apparently behind the scenes they were able to bring the american government and the cuban government together to what sounds like sealed the deal. >> rose: right. >> -- some weeks ago is really fascinating. >> rose: talk a little bit more, before we leave here, the idea of what the challenges will be. i mean, what could be the roadblocks that will damage the hopes of people? >> ihthink. >> rose: of an incident. >> sure. i think there always have been spoilers. there always have been people on both sides who haven't wanted a healthier relationship for a number of reasons. i think in the cuban government system the prospect of a normalized relationship with the united states is going to mark a dramatic change in who they are and what

in comparison to western europe, it is not really equal. it is the same as martina mentioned.omen should be pretty and should be present in the society but should not really do it at the same level as the men. ordinary people, they say, yes, russian women, they are really equal, and we would like to have the same status as russian women. they are allowed to go in public and to be pretty and to be present. this is what is not possible in azerbaijan. >> we are very focused on violence. what about the prevalence of gender-based violence in central and eastern via europe -- eastern europe? >> it is different from what martina described. as we talk about violence in eastern europe, it is present when we talk about prostitution, for example. in both regions between poland and germany, germany and the czech republic, poland and womene, we have a lot of .ho work as prostitutes have prostitution. this is not the case in eastern europe. we have prostitution, and we have violence. >> thank you very much. we will come back to some of the issues you raised. let's continue to latin america.

this is western europe's biggest oil producer and yesterday we had the biggest rate cut in two years.ed -- the central bank flagged a 50% chance that policymakers will cut again next year. what does this mean for the ?roader norwegian economy they said drop in oil price means it is a drop in investment in norway. that's what they are reacting in bringing down the growth profile. this has been hitting the norwegian krone against the dollar as you would expect. ats currently trading 7.3232. oil has fallen by 34% to less than six dollars -- $60 as we well know. against the euro, the krone has been the worst performer. down by 8.2% so far your today. -- year to date. >> oil prices continue to slide and prices dropped below $60 a barrel in new york, the first time since july 2000 and nine. -- july 2009. saudi arabia questions the need to quote -- cut output. in washington, the u.s. government has narrowly avoided a shutdown of the house, narrowly parked -- passed a $1.1 trillion spending phil. they describe it as a giveaway to large institutions. some republicans were against of thel becau

it would've let russia send oil to western europe while bypassing ukraine. the eu objected because it would've reduced ukraine's leverage. historian, the author of the prize. >> you won't have the maneuverability that he has had. his basic argan has been that he will deliver up at her economy and he's delivered a lot that her economy. of theof the founders pro-democracy protests in hong kong said it's time to give up. the government has refused to man's. students say they are going on a hunger strike. congressional aides have learned that criticizing president obama's daughters is not a good idea. it began last wednesday with the thanksgiving tradition, the president pardoning a turkey. melia and syosset were there. they were looking like teenage girls. they were looking toward. that's enough the aid to a tennessee august with. she wrote that the daughters should try showing a little class and dress like they deserve respect and not a spot at the bar. she resigned. internet shopping sales rose 8% yesterday. that is less than half the growth rate of a year ag

interesting thing about the audience in london is that it's filled with people from every country of western europeand also the far east. so you had italians, french, you had chinese, japanese, everybody was there. and they loved the show. they know me from television. thank goodness, you know. television is -- >> "murder she wrote" seen around the world. >> absolutely seen around the world along with "bed knobs and broom sticks." from that point of view i felt very much at home. >> i know they appreciated you because the reviews said they did. and yet, there is also in that part of the world certainly an appreciation for noel coward's work. >> very much so. and "blithe spirit" is played almost all over britain somewhere at all times because it is such a unique and ridiculously funny show. it's also in fact under those layers of humor, a very serious show. it's quite misogynistic. it has all kinds of qualities that are not immediate inherent. so it -- it appeals to people in many different ways. >> i'm glad you said that because i wanted to ask, if i could now. when you mentioned how diverse, how i

regulators say the chlorine used to poultry processing is safe and effective but it's not allowed in western europehere color ren treated poultry is banned. this french political ad shows american chickens bathing in pool water. the fear that chlorine causes cancer. so poultry in the us is also banned and while there's no evidence -- >> they are operate on a precautionary principals since there's controversy about using chlorine and other chemicals in poultry processing, they have decided to keep our poultry out. unfortunately this is a matter that political science haustrummed down science. >> the chickens are air chilled. they don't use chlorine here. quickly after slaughter the birds are hung on a 2-mile line that cools them to 32 degrees for a few hours. >> big deal with air chill is all about not adding water to the chicken and keeping natural juices in the chicken. >> owner scott second there are says it's one every the largest facilities providing all natural chickens with no add did you tiffs. >> i like the chicken there was in chlorine involved at all. >> all natural organic air chilled ch

it is not the u.s., it is not in canada, is not in western europe where the growth has slowed.eachhead scientific, southeast asia, latin america, they have the right found that the right time in markets that are craving those low-cost feature-rich devices and again, they are layering on that content and software on top of it. onhink it is model is spot an island society that is likely to work well in coming years. watching.ine -- we will be watching. thank you very much. theit helped him using microsoft surface have. but so is the competition. talk to russell wilson. - on how issurface - the surface. ♪ >> i am cory johnson and this is "bloomberg west." as the nfl marches toward exciting playoffs, technology will play a bigger role in the game. it is faster and quicker to adjust than ever before. it was a great thrill to russell wilson. this was the first time grip -- glimpse of the secret photos -- makeped made mid-game adjustments. every time russell wilson does this -- the nfl is watching and so is microsoft. this season, the nfl entered the digital age with custom microsoft