what about western europe? are seeing the collapse of some airlines. why not get more exposure? ern europe is growing 4% of western europe. we are seeing a lot of market stimulation. hume we'll will invest in western europe as well. expanded our network in the u.k. and look for to operating in the marketplace. this kind of business is visitingbuilt up from friends and family back home and living in the u.k. and vice versa. do you feel like this will be held back by brexit? business hasnk the gone much beyond that flow. pleasure travelers. and also we are appealing more and more to business travelers as well. jozsef: is one of the reasons -- anna: is one of the reasons you're not interested in growing western europe would you rather just keep out of the way of ryanair? jozsef: not necessarily but i think eastern europe represents a better opportunity for our business. it's catching up, it's converging economically and giving us disproportionate growth opportunities. anna: thanks for your time. the ceo of wizz air talking about consolidation in the industry. come from.rowth will co

does it mean if you look at the world around us and if you look at our politicians, most here in western europe, in eastern europe, are there any ideas among contemporary politicians? i don't see anyone with strong views, strong ideas. and if there are ideas, they are our -- are for me, totally unacceptable. post-nationalism, post democracy, and so on. so i'm absolutely convinced that ideas matter, more than anything else. in this respect, i'm an idealist. definitely. i am afraid that there are no great ideas among current politicians. that's my pessimism and therefore, i don't see some hopeful tomorrow's or days after tomorrow. who will do it? excuse me, to be that realistic? mr. o'sullivan: i want to come back to break that down in several areas. you want to come in. ms. anders: let me put my american hat on for a minute. i'm a polish politician but the but i'm aovernment -- u.s. citizen. i think that the american government has to make sure that europe is safe. an unsafe europe is trouble for the united states. you are is our neighbor. europe is our neighbor. we've seen this through history.

that is at the end of the second world war and poland left a great number of polish people in western europe europe and the united states just as the hungarian revolution in 56 have been the expulsion of a large number of hungarians who came to all over the world. the significance of these communities and in our countries -- during the cold war, it can't be overestimated, i went to school with boys with polish names, and it is true to say that in the 50s, 60s and 70s, if someone on the left could not possibly bound to the defense of the soviet union or its allies, if there was a hungarian or a polish person in the room. they were simply, by being present, at a dinner party or conference they were rebuked to appeasement or to a moral equivalence. so i would like to welcome you today. having said that i think we have to begin the discussion by asking ana maria and lead to respond to the remarks of the president. they were powerful but they were pessimistic they recognize great achievements but described a world in which those achievements were decaying or had been overthrown. i think we have t

and western europe but also around the world. and you know which is striking because we know precisely what allows for a reduction in equality giving workers more bargaining power improving minimum wages you know more progressive taxes on top incomes it's not rocket science it's you know we have very clear policy options on the table now i know that some of the policy options you suggest also include not only a global minimum wage but also putting at maximum cap on income and wealth to somebody who was born in the soviet union where redistribution was the bad drop off a cannot make policy i think you would be navigable into the question of mulch of a. ation if you proceed with guaranteeing or limiting people's incomes what you also stripped from that sense of agency that i interpret no ship at that initiative well so the argument for a global minimum wage i think more or less rock solid you know the again there's nothing really radical about that we have minimum wages in most countries. as long as there are system where capital h

free markets, which was in fully opposition to the prevailing spirit in europe, especially in western europe at that time. in central andt eastern europe. in the last stages of communism, margaretagan, ronal thatcher, and john paul ii were regarded as heroes in our part of the world. not pay much attention to european politicians such as. they were no inspiration to us. we did not expect very much from them. the did not stand firmly and explicitly against communism. that the west did not use the fall of communism to forward.sive steps the end of communism proved to be a crucial moment in a positive direction, mostly for us in the former eastern bloc. decades ofatic operation and frustration, we were forced to go through. we very much enjoyed the freedom and democracy and used it to fundamentally change our soci eties. felt refreshing relief when the communism disappeared. the end of conflict of visions. suppose that the western liberal system would prevail all over the world. and will last forever. fatally wrongo be and misleading. it led to recklessness and irresponsibility. attentioning lo

they were being installed in western europe, pershing ii missiles in western europe, which had a few minutes' flight time to moscow. if you think what that means, the russian detection systems are, first of all, far more primitive than ours, but even sophisticated -- if they had had sophisticated detection systems, it would have given them barely a few minutes' warning before a possible heavy nuclear strike, even a decapititation strike, against moscow. and ththe russians wewere doing the same. theyey were buildingng short-term missiles aimed at western europe. notice -- not at the united states. this was internal l to europop, short-term, shshort range e missiles. wellll, the 1987 i inf treaty ended that extreme perilil, sharply reduced it. mimissiles were rereduced and s. this w was an important step forward. breaking the treaty reinstates that system. now, there's an obvious way to deal l with the problem. namely it's called -- it's kind of a bad word, may be i should spell it. it's called diplomacy. there have been -- the way to deal with the problem is quite straightforward,, do

mobile where the risk is of the kind of you know the rise of the populous government parts in western europe or else way to russia might lead to some kind of central conflict so that's a real risk i think everyone you know all powers received try and try to avoid done but still you know france germany western europe well absolutely want to avoid a situation where by their death huge security money places risk and traces of what about that there have been a lot of as you would say populist some would say nationalist some would just say a flat out far right leaders that are gaining hole that are taking around and a lot of places some european countries some and south america what is the state of liberal democracies right now. i think they're under threat and things are going to get worse before they get better as i expect the global economy to be slowing down in europe we see great concerns with hungry and poland so it's interesting that this edu that mccrone has put together did not include poland which is a major. player in eastern europe so we see kind of a paradox which mccrone because he

in capitalism and free markets, fully in a stain opposition to the prevailing , especially ine western europe at the time. it was different in the central and eastern europe. in the last stages of communism, ronald reagan, margaret thatcher, and john paul ii regarded -- were regarded as heroes in our part of the world. attentionot pay much .o european politicians they were no inspiration to us and we did not expect much from them. they were not advocating the good of western values and did not stand firmly and explicitly against communism. regret that the west did not use the fall of communism to make decisive steps forward. proved to communism be a crucial moment in a positive direction only for us or mostly for us in the former eastern bloc. operation,es of irrationality, we were forced to go through. we enjoyed freedom and the democracy and used it to fundamentally change our societies. felt refreshing relief when communism disappeared. together with --, we came to believe we were--to approach the end of ideology, the end of conflict of vision. theas naively supposed western liberal system

the pakistanis and afghans who thought it was near was just one step away from the freedom of western europe. this rainy and kurd didn't want to give us his name he says his brother was shot dead by special forces in iran fighting a growing protest movement he told us he wants a new life his wife and children bosnia tries to give the refugees a humane welcome but is a country without the resources to cope with this new burden really. in the last six months ninety percent of migrants came to us from serbia across the drian a river with no documents we were worried about the large numbers of iranians coming because serbia introduced a visa free version with five flights weekly from iran so we had a huge influx some four thousand rainy and entered back at the headquarters of the bosnian border police another influx of refugees but this time trying to get back into serbia this iraqi family managed to walk into servia but were handed back to cry out police who beat them up and for some back into bosnia smugglers have taken all their money we drove. by boat and a. very. good friend no good to dann

believed many of them crossed the border into bosnia a main route for refugees trying to reach western europe there and try to report on the tunnels for nick on business border with said there. are at night time patrolling by bus in years border police the fast flowing waters of the river drain are the last barrier for the refugees the majority crossing it now are iranians the opposite banks in serbia are swept with infrared heat detectors and night scanning binoculars. but we use battery lamps rotating lights and vehicle headlamps to try and dissuade the migrants from crossing the border but they're up against highly experienced gangs of human traffickers making a fortune out of the refugees at this time of year the temperatures are dropping below zero and the waters are rising so the refugees are strapping together plastic bottles roping them together and using them as a raft in summer months they can simply wait across but now some of them are drowning their bodies swept onto the bosnian banks of the river which offered them such an illusory freedom. at a refugee camp outside sarajevo we m

to copenhagen it's likely to be raining all off now the bigger picture as i say covers all of western europe frontal system has been coming in and not getting very far hitting spain and portugal western france and beyond which is meant that we've been drawing it warm for other places the temperatures from italy right to pardon to been a average by some degree in fact eleven degrees above average in rome is the forecast now and the next few days is four or five elsewhere and it's not set to change very quickly. the picture forced to you've already seen for the northwest well but it's the rain stretching down towards spain and portugal and east of that body enjoy the sunshine such as it is if i run you've sort of the twenty four hours yes the rain lose a little bit or trust spain and portugal but that's about the movement of it. the weather sponsored by qatar airways. a journey of personal discovery about how the soviet rule has shaped the present day georgia if you people who shoot your past you will never have a future in government buildings and the monuments they seemed to inspire in wars

in a lot of ways it doesn't really present a threat to the united states or to western europe is far as i can see it's basically. a massive threat in some of the countries well it's not a massive that is it's a minor threat it seems to me you know you can have you know small groups. still causes problems in somalia there are going to be people roaming around the middle east screaming that they're members of isis because it's what one does who are probably in create trouble but it's not it i don't think is even a major problem there overall. certainly far far worse than it was earlier when they control these and when they're able to actually do these massacres that you talked about i'm going to disagree with that a couple of them have to go to so the reason i disagree is a lot of the foreign fighters that have left iraq and syria have gone to places like libya they've gone to southeast asia they've gone to pakistan and afghanistan and so the idea that these are not actual threats to the governments i disagree having spent time in pakistan having traveled through these areas talking to

if you look at the world around mostd our politicians, here in western europe, in eastern europe, are there any ideals among contemporary politicians? with a strongyone views, strong ideas. if they are -- if there are ideas, they are totally unacceptable. post-nationalism, post so i am absolutely convinced that ideas matter, more than anything else. , i am anespect idealist. i am afraid that there are no great ideas among current politicians. that is my pessimism and therefore i do not see some hopeful tomorrow's or days after tomorrow. want to comen: i back to break that down in several areas. s: let me put my american had on, i am a polish politician but the american -- but a u.s. citizen. that the u.s. government has to make sure that europe is safe. unsafe europe is trouble for the united states. , we have our neighbor seen this through history. in 1995 in bosnia, the united states had to step in. we have seen it obviously in the second world war. run the risk. the alliance between the united states and poland is very good. the alliance between the united states and the rest of eu

now, true 2016 was a terrible year for terrorism in western europe with 238 deaths you remember some of the horrific episodes such as the nightclub and so on. but 1988 was everyone worse with 440 deaths some of you may remember the the army the red brigade and other terrorist groups active then which have disappeared since. so what's going on? with 1988 just a particularly bad year or improvements a sign that world and troubles gets better overtime? might we even invoke admittedly old fashion concept of progress? to do so is to court a certain amount of diversion because i have found that intellectuals hate progress. and intellectual who is call themselves that hate progress then you have a blind faith and a not religious belief in the false promise of the myth of inevitable progress. you are a cheerleader for vulgar american can doism with the spirit of silicon valley and chamber of commerce. you are a prak in additioner of wig history a polyanaand gloss alluding to the character who declared for best in all possible worlds. well as it happens it was a true optimist would believe th

especially in western europe at that time. it was different in central and eastern europe. in the last stages of communism, ronald reagan, margaret thatcher, and john paul ii, they was regarded as heroes in our part of the world. they do not pay much attention to european politicians such as some of the other politicians. they was no inspiration to us. we did not expect very much from them. they did not stand firmly and explicitly against communism. i do regret that the west didn't use the fall of communism to make decisive steps forward. the end of communism proved to be a crucial moment in a positive direction, only for us or mostly for us, in the former eastern bloc. after traumatic decades of operation and frustration, we were forced to go through. we very much enjoyed the burst of freedom and the democracy, and used it to fundamentally change our society. the westfield a refreshing relief when the communism disappeared. the end of ideology and the end of conflict of visions. it was nightly supposed that the western liberal system would prevail all over the world. and t

between 1940 and 1944, germany dominated western europe. most european countries were ground into subjection. from the south to the rugged coast of norway, europe became one mighty [null] fortress. hitler, the personification. during the first two years of the participation in world war ii, the first army was the ultimate threat. the assault on fortress europe. moving to england in 1943 it retraced any miles traveled 25 years earlier. there was a few veterans but the spirit, determination and courage of the soldiers would once again make history. england meant work. and less grueling hours of activity to bring the man to the pink of his activity. every muscle was hardened and every mind turned to the struggle lazy ahead -- that lays ahead. the allied france called for an assault on the normandy beaches by the second army and the united states first army. in the spring of 1944, the buildup in england was complete. in may, the units moved out and converge upon the ports. >> hitler's legions waited behind guns. mines, underwater obstacles, trap

and i would still wet and windy over a good part of western europe a huge season in the satellite picture where it's all coming from it's spinning in from the atlantic and it's going north was towards scandinavia multiple frontal systems slowly encroaching on what is still very much warmer than it should be eastern europe so forecast was we got fifteen in bucharest and fourteen in berlin should be a bit colder than that now even within the wind and the rain is about the same level of temperature with the rain itself is what makes a difference because he doesn't feel quite like that and it may well be that portugal and spain get the bulk of the heavy wet stuff in the next twenty four hours but the line remains the same it's going up through france and belgium towards denmark once more and again we're in monday now we haven't seen any change really in eastern europe there is some movement in the northwest of africa that cloud as it increasingly produces rain in portugal and spain but i think effect america if not immediately then twenty four hours off was first of all it draws some warts ou

that's changed over the past century and today tuberculosis isn't a major factor in western europe. so it was a bit or so but it is still significant in eastern europe and in other parts of the world such as africa and asia. it's now surpassed h.i.b. aids to become the leading cause of infectious disease death worldwide that it's what would. germany's national reference center for mycobacteria is also part of the bolster research center in this high security facility tb bacteria from all over the world are collected and analyzed using state of the arts methods. laboratory director catalina. and her coworkers are at the forefront of the battle against multi-drug resistant bacteria which are becoming an increasing problem worldwide alex and that flaming is an exam to fleming was the first i mean this is how he discovered the first drug that could be used to treat infectious disease. that must have been a very defining moment for him personally. and of course with the rest of the world as well and before that moment the reasons that concert and her team examined some over samples to de

in a lot of ways it doesn't really present a threat to the united states or to western europe is far as i can see it's basically. a massive threat in some of the countries well it's not a massive that is it's a minor threat it seems to me you know you can have you know small groups. still causes problems in somalia they're going to be people roaming around the middle east screaming that there are members of isis because it's what one does who are probably in create trouble but it's not it i don't think is even a major problem there overall. certainly far far worse than it was earlier when they control these and when they're able to actually do these massacres that you talked about i'm going to disagree with that ok coming in that are going to get out so the reason i disagree is a lot of the foreign fighters that have left iraq and syria have gone to places like libya they've gone to southeast asia they've gone to pakistan and afghanistan and so the idea that these are not actual threats to the governments i disagree having spent time in pakistan having traveled through these areas ta

the weather turning rough in some western parts of europe, but this weather front is helping western london, even in yorkshire temperatures could get into the low teens. different story in northern ireland and western scotland, more cloud and spots of rain. for most major towns and cities, if you are

the weather turning rough in some western parts of europe, but this weather front is helping western rts of europe, but this weatherfront is helping bring in some of the warmth from the southern climes. so that is what we are feeling right now. at least 16 in london, even in yorkshire temperatures could get into the low teens. different story in northern ireland and western scotland, more cloud and spots of rain. for most major towns and cities, if you are out, i know we were celebrating over the weekend and on friday, but if you are still out on night it isn't that bad at all. relatively mild. it is still nippy because it is november but still relatively mild. tonight, southerly winds continue, mist and fog forming. the thinking is somewhere around the midlands, maybe through yorkshire, as well. could be quite sick first thing on tuesday. but then the weather goes downhill. —— quite thick first thing. this weather front here will reach south—western part of england and also into wales. there could be and also into wales. there could be a lot of heavy rain. no laughing matter here, it

we hit an all-time high of export of crude oil to western europe.his is something they are paying attention to. >> we should sell it all to them. they should buy nothing from russia. every dollar they give to putin is another dollar or armaments to kill ukrainians and lithuanians and latvians. that's not oil, that's blood. liz: take that on, kristen. >> i would agree with that. it's not a partisan issue. russia is a threat to the rest of the world, not just to us. liz: russia is in trouble, it's in recessionary mode. there is more saber rattling coming out of those countries when they are down on the mat, right? >> it's foolish saber rattling. we don't want to be opposed to russia in the way we were during the cold war. i personally served in it. we were excited when the wall fell. if there was hope they could join the nation and become prosperous and a peaceful part of the community. if they are looking for a fight, here we are vladimir with let's rock. liz already great stuff there. u.s. officials say troops at the border will be cut to 4,000 even

so the difference between western europe and eastern europe is the core of identity. these two societies are facing two totally different problems. the problem for the western europe is how to integrate how basically to manage, how to control but this is basically how to manage already diverse societies. his politics is how to prevent diversification. so from this point, things have worked in 100% and getting ethics essay will not work easily and a much more diverse society because they can be entered bring polarization that does not exist. because he's a very strategic minded politician i believe, i don't believe that he's in decline. i do believe that on the european elections is going to be very important role but his major strategic objective is basically this got to try to change the nature of the center-right. keep in mind in europe there is one major indication for if liberal democracy is going to survive. this is the position of the center-right. the left on its own can never save liberal democracy. it is very much about where the center-right is going to be p

the difference between western europe and eastern europe when it comes to immigration, which is the core of the identity, these two societies are facing two different problems. the problem for the western europe is how to integrate, how to manage, how to control, but this is basically how to manage an already diverse society. how to prevent eye versification. inngs that are going to work one hundred percent ethnic societies will not work any more diverse society because they can bring destabilization, divide, polarization that does not exist. because he is a strategic politician, i believe that -- i don't believe he is in decline. i do believe on the european elections, he will have an important role, but his major strategic objective is to try to change the nature of the center-right and keep in mind in europe, there is one major indication for liberal modern democracy surviving are not -- or not. this is the position of the center-right. the left on its own can never save liberal democracy. it is very much about where the center-right is positioned and the center-right collapsed in ger

before if they were resolved the region could play a positive role as a bridge between eastern and western europe follow. now we've talked about of a colossal suffering that the first world war brought for so many people but there were also heroes and among them were pigeons carrier pigeons who transported crucial information and cord and did save lives in all of those heroics friends still maintains a squadron of bread even ever ready but sometimes rather ill disciplined pigeons. generally you're not allowed to refuse an order in the army. but this pigeon seems to be unaware of the rules. it's still in training. about a hundred carrier pigeons reside and receive their training here at a military fortress near paris. ga who like us each has its own character some might be a bit jealous some will be rather obsessed with food. though they no longer serve except in competitions these carrier pigeons are part of france's national heritage they're living monuments to the heroic deeds of their predecessors. lvalue for instance receive the quote again our for his heroic service advance down during world

extent the changes that you see in places like central europe and others are going to affect the model itself. this is the problem about the westernocracies, not about simply what is happening in central and eastern europe. so this is why we focus very much on the imitation, and i am going to give you just the basic arguments about russia and central europe. we have also a chapter on the u.s. i'm not going to touch on it first because stephen holmes was, as you can imagine, the person who contributed much of this chapter. nevertheless, i'm a brave bulgarian to give a talk on the united states -- in the united states on the eve of the midterm election. my courage cannot go as far. [laughter] but what is interesting with central europe, and saying this because you should understand for people like me, all the things that happened is also personal story. we have been on the same soros fellowship in 1990. and we have been in good personal relations for a long time. from this point of view, it's not that you're talking about something that happened somewhere. p in a certain way this is normally a certain type of transformation that is

welcomes another look at the international forecast for got more rain clouds pushing into western parts of europe loss of coming into that western side of france into the southwest approaches of england pushing into wells so parts of olim to the really heavy rain is now making its way across the iberian peninsula so more lively downpours coming through here by saturday that western weather will swept across southern france snow over the house maybe twenty to thirty centimeters of snow for some some heavy rain to into parts of northern italy pushing over towards the a vatican but for the race here it is largely dry but it's pretty cold temperatures around minus three celsius therefore he have subzero in moscow as well by sunday the cloud in the rain returns to a good part of italy much of the balkans eastern areas generally dry bit milder there fullbrook restaurant celsius well father night seven right there for london and paris as we go through sunday night is more wet weather pushing into that western side of that is disturbed by the pushing across spain and portugal will also affect the north o

of the total global spending four of the fifteen largest military spenders in the world are in western europethat's france the u.k. germany and italy breaking this down france's spending between two thousand and sixteen and two thousand and seventeen fell by nearly two percent to fifty seven point eight billion all britain's military spending rose by point five percent to forty seven point two billion last year and germany's military spending went up by three and a half percent to forty four point three billion its highest level since one thousand nine hundred nine. let's bring in our guests now and joining us from paris is we're no it's our chief foreign correspondent a life ago newspaper and professor of strategy at paris school of international affairs and washington d.c. david office associate professor at the national defense university and a former pentagon official and in moscow glenn dyson a professor of a. national relations at higher school of economics from moscow and author of the decay of western civilization and research and of russia welcome to all of you so. let's revisit the

composition of societies, there were two euros, one europe which was ethnically homogeneous and it was western europeand this lot that was multicultural and very much ethnically diverse and this was central europe. in 1939, one third of the population of poland, the moment 96 percent of the population were on pulse so this was the result of the ethnic cleansing which was not done by our country, you cannot blame the hungarians , this was the result of that postwar settlement but this type of ethnic modulation plays a role redefining this ethnic vision of central and eastern european societies so this combination of reddened places like bulgaria because for me, it's very important to try to fuel the situation or see the situation through the eyes of the people in the world, not only to justify what they're doing and understand what their fears are because normally we talk about fears and abstract terms area is an aging population and in bulgaria , now we lost about 20 percent of the population for the last 30 years. demographic projections all right, we're going to lose 21 percent of the population mo

the pakistanis and afghans who thought it was near was just one step away from the freedom of western europe this a rainy and kurd didn't want to give us his name he says his brother was shot dead by special forces in iran fighting a growing protest movement he told us he wants a new life his wife and children bosnia tries to give the refugees a humane welcome but is a country without the resources to cope with this new burden really. in the last six months ninety percent of migrants came to us from serbia across the dreamer river with no documents we were worried about the large numbers of iranians coming because serbia introduced a visa free version with five flights weekly from iran so we had a huge influx some four thousand a rainy and. back at the headquarters of the bosnian border police another influx of refugees but this time trying to get back into serbia. this iraqi family managed to walk into savina but were handed back to cry out police who beat them up and for some back into bosnia smugglers have taken all their money we grow. both. by boat and a year we free. you from no good t

america will not be responsible will not say that they will spend north but of money just to defend western europe and eastern europe. is c.n.n. anchor has stirred controversy by claiming that the biggest terror threat in the u.s. comes from white men. you have to stop demonizing people and realize the biggest terror threat in this country is white men most of them radicalized to the right. don lemon's comments come after three recent hate crimes involving white suspects last saturday eleven jewish worshipers were massacred at a synagogue in pittsburgh in the same week two black people were killed in a shooting at a supermarket in kentucky and fifteen mail bombs were sent to high profile opponents of the u.s. president we've heard contrasting views from inside the u.s. from journalist who leo rivera and political activist anthony rogers right. i think that mr levin was actually stating facts there are twice as many terrorist incidents from white right wing terrorists than those people who submit to al islam what they're saying right now saying that the majority of the country are terrorists pretty