and they in turn introduced me to local people all along the western front. over time, i got to know these people and they shared their secrets and i have tried to render these beautiful works of art and cultural treasures in complete darkness for history and so we were aligned about preserving what they call the patrimony and in turn i also have never revealed the locations of these places because they're vulnerable to vandalism and theft and they're not protected. i'd like to show you another example of the traces that americans left behind. behind a beautiful french farm field you find this place which you enter by going almost straight down into the ground on two ladders approximately 30 feet and you're suddenly in the hidden world of world war i. and when you turn your head lamp on you're 100 years back in time and it's a human world because of what we find are all of these messages to the future, notes to loved ones, inscriptions, jokes, art work left by the americans in this place and this wall is an example where you see the density of carvings. there

. ♪ >> it's one of three significant american monuments on the western front that's established by themerican battle monuments commission and remains under their guidance. the monument itself on the top lists some of the villages that the americans liberated. below that are the divisions, ten of them, plus two corps, the first and the third, that were actively engaged in this area. that includes belleau wood and directly in front of me, chateau-thierry. the city of chateau-thierry had been largely untouched during the war, including the september 1914 first battle of the marne. however, that would change on may 31st, 1918, when german troops broke through the french lines, penetrated past rheims in hopes of crossing the marne river at chateau-thierry and heading directly to paris. the french were in a panic and concerned that they had -- didn't have enough troops to block the germans. so, they contacted general pershing and asked for his help. pershing at this point had been fighting desperately to keep the americans as an independent unit, hoping to form his own independent first army

experience of mass slaughter on the western front in the trenches on the western front crushed them.roke them. disillusioned them. and cause them to reject everything they had once created the lost generation or the disillusioned and better generation that no longer believed in things like god, country, patriotism. that is the mythology. it is a pervasive mythology. it originates in europe, primarily. , asriginates in literature often as not was produced by civilians, rather than active service soldiers. across the atlantic and continued to indore to this day. when i talk to americans, present company excepted, generally americans who have not heard much about world war i, do not know much about it. know who was involved. they will say, wow, that was a mass slaughter, was in it? -- wasn't it? that was guys getting into trenches and being blown up by the thousands and they never accomplished anything. 20 years later, we had world war and doesn't that prove that world war i was a colossal waste? what is there to learn from that? that really gets to the roots of why, even now in the cen

and that the experience of mass slaughter on the western front in the trenches, on the western front crushed them, broke them. disillusioned them and caused them to reject everything that they had once believed. created the lost generation or the disillusion, the bitter generation that no longer believed in things like god, country, patriotism and all the rest. that's the mythology. it's a very pervasive mythology, it originates in europe primarily. it originates in literature, that as often as not was produced by civilians. rather than active service soldiers. and it crossed the atlantic and it continues to endure to this day. when i talk to americans, present company excepted, general american who is haven't heard much about world war i, they don't know much about it. they roughly know who was involved. they'll say, wow, that was one mass slaurt, wasn't it? that was just guys getting into trenches and getting blown up by the thousands and they never really accomplished anything. and then 20 years later we had world war ii. and doesn't that prove that world war i was just a colossal

from there it went to the east coast and finally to the western front. once in france, it spread through the rear areas of front lines of the allies. across no-man's land and eventually back to the combative native countries. since the warrior nation's kren sord war reports that the flu was having on its armies and civil populations, only when it would slide. ever since it's been known as the spanish influenza. it began when a mild flu flared up in the spring and early summer of 2018. >> the flu symptoms. as well as a sore throat, medical, a pe veer cough and even an intense nosebleed and dark skin blotches. sometimes loose bowels occur. in most cases women only appeal coc . it was to the soldiers of both sides already weakened by stress, fatigue and exposure, and on the western front, to mustard. mustard agent. the influenza epidemic hit camp did he ha devins, massachusetts on september 8. they called four days later on september 16. the first person to die in adams county from complications of the flu was one of the soldiers who had been transferred fr

the new priority is going to be on the western front. as a consequence of that hitler starts shifting divisions from the eastern to the western front. so normandy invasion takes place 60 german divisions on the western front. i should tell you something. if the germans know where the normandy invasion is going to take place, who wins? >> germany. >> that's right, yeah. 60 innovations when we conduct the landing there will be five divisions, three air born divisions. we would lose in that case. surprise is important in this. so germans now have a problem. this is the german chain of command. of course hitler at the top, we've got the equivalent of general marshall, george marshall. overall responsible for the american war effort. he was the head of it there. then we have the general who was equivalent to eisenhower. he's the theater commander. in that theater he then has an army group, b and army group c. the one we are interested in is army group. strategically so five or six armored divisions in the rear to respond to different situatio

troop transporter — which sank off the isle of wight transporting south african troops to the western front killing more than six hundred black south africans — and became a symbol of racial injustice during the apartide regime. now the long lost bell from the wreck of the ss mendi is to be presented by prime minister theresa may to the president of south africa. the bell was given anonymously to bbc south today reporter steve humphrey, who had followed the story for three decades. he sent us this report. it isa it is a bill which resonates around the world. the ship sank off the isle of wight after being rammed by another ship. 646 people died, including black south african troops on their way to do a lot of the heavy lifting and digging on the western front. last year under 100 anniversary of the tragedy the south african navy staged a ceremony at a memorial in southampton where the walls of names highlighted the scale of the disaster. if you month later the bell from the ship was left anonymously. i have been looking for it for over 30 years since i first heard rumours it had been recove

in a mission he formed numerous tank companies battalions that would deploy to the western front, but under would see combat. of course camp colt would also have its share of personnel with troops providing supply food service and transportation functions, ordinary soldiers who worked as weldman, machinists, ammunition specialists as well as a medical staff. a so-called casual company was formed for new arrivals awaiting assignment to one of the battalions. their measure did not meet the physical and mental standards, a development battalion was created where men would be given classes, exercised and were health monitor bide the camp's health officers. it was commanded by ike's west point classmate norman randolph, and you saw him in a previous slide. the casual company included a detachment and the company had a venereal company for men who had contracted those diseases. these unfortunates remained segregated until recovered or received treatment at a general hospital. unlike the infantry regiments from the year before the tank corp was not offered a band. probably as an homage for t

including a look at soldiers on the western front and how the u.s. dealt with shell shock. this labor day weekend american history tv on cspan3 has three days of feature programming. starting saturday at 8:00 p.m. eastern with lectures in history. as colorado state university pueblo professor matt harris discusses the anti slavery movement before the civil war. sunday at 10:00 a.m. on oral history, our women in congress feature continues with barbara finelli. at 8:00 p.m. on the presidency a look at the relationship between george washington and alexander hamilton and the accuracy of hamilton the musical. the white house historical association's presidential site summit. watch american history tv this labor day weekend on cspan3. >> white house correspondents join presidential spokesperson in a discussion between the relationship of both sides. this is from the white house historical association summit this week with representatives of presidential historic sites across the

whether the british used them on the western front in world war i, i don't know.ould not be buried at romane, they would be memorized in other ways on british fronts. such as the somme and ypres. >> and military deaths numbers, germany losing 2.1 million soldiers. military deaths throughout the war. russia, 1.8 million. france, 1.4 million. austria/hungary, 1.1 million. great britain, the british empire, with several hundred thousand deaths, 885,000. the united states of america, with 117,000 military deaths over the course of their involvement. in world war i. dave in bellevue, florida, a veteran, go ahead. >> caller: yeah, what percentage of all the casualties is given for injuries or deaths, related to disease you know, the hygiene there wasn't any, the battlefields were just mud and trenches. and the last lady took my spanish flu thunder. but that was more or less the capper. there were many troops left to really engage. so the appalling conditions, the troops fought under, with absolutely you know, no medical or anything like that. i think that accounted for

the allies launched a series of mighty offence, up and down the western front.ike the one that took place here, on the banks of the river somme in the summer of 1916. that one and others such as passchendaele were bloody fail yours, passchendaele were bloody fail youi’s, as passchendaele were bloody fail yours, as the british, french were unable to penetrate german lines. but everything changed in the new year of 1918. germany managed to defeat the russians over in the east and moved one million hardened vetera ns to and moved one million hardened veterans to the western frontal system. these veterans attacked in spring 1918. the allies retreated but just held on. by but just held on. by summer the allies were ready to counter attack and the place they chose was the strategically important city of amiens. at amiens the british would unleash a new kind of warfare, revolutionary tactics that still shape the battlefield today. the infantry would move forward with protection, it was like a curtain of fire that kept the enemy from manning machine guns, and then there

from there, it was transported to the east coast, and finally, to the western front. therance, it spread through rear areas and frontlines to the allies. since the warring nations theored news reports about staggering effects that the flu was having on their armies and civilian populations, only when it spread to spain, a neutral country, did news go public. from then on, it was known as influenza. the pandemic you opted in three ways. it flared up when in the spring and summer of 1918. the second was a plague of severe influenza in autumn, and the last wave occurred in the spring of 1919. the flu symptoms usually included a high temperature from 102-104 degrees, sometimes . sometimes,106 vomiting and loose bowels occurred. state, a weakened patients developed pneumonia and a men's pulmonary hemorrhages. the spanish influence of primarily affected people in the prime of their life. the influenza epidemic hit camp devens, massachusetts on september 8, and it was first reported in medical officers on september 12. the first person to die in adams county from complicatio

for nearly four years, the fighting on the western front had been mired in a bloody stalemate.. the allies launched a series of mighty offences up and down the western front, like the one that took place here on the banks of the river somme in the summer of 1916. that one and others such as passchendaele were bloody failures as the british and french were unable to decisively penetrate german lines. but everything changed in the new year of 1918. germany had managed to defeat the russians over in the east and move1 million hardened veterans to the western front. these veterans attacked in spring 1918. the allies retreated but just held on. by summer, the allies were ready to counter attack, and the place they chose was the strategically important city of amiens. at amiens, the british would unleash a new kind of warfare, revolutionary new tactics that still shape the battlefield today. the inventory would move forward with unprecedented protection. it was like a curtain of fire which kept the enemy from manning their machine guns. and then there were these — tanks. cutting—edge

history it finished within the soviet union pushing on a counter offensive to ease pressure on the western front and helped liberate the world from the nazis are two years down off traveled to the city of course in western russia to watch at the parade commemorating the anniversary. day here in course kicked off with the military parade tanks of the world war two era accompanied by troops later the russian president flew in by helicopter first thing he did laid flowers to the tomb of the unknown soldier and then a minute of silence to commemorate all those lives lost seventy five years ago after that the russian president talked to some veterans and visited some of the memorials scattered around the city and while he was followed by hundreds of locals as well the city of course scolds a very special place in the hearts of well pretty much all russians seventy five years ago this place saw what is still known as the largest tank battle in world history more than three million people fought in it and historians agree that this battle that was the breaking point of the war for the soviets it allowe

i am not entirely sure whether seeks fought on the western front.hether the british used them on the western front, i do not know. they would not be buried there they would be memorialized in other ways on british front. >> the numbers on military death s. germany lost 2.1 million soldiers. russia 1.8 million. france 1.4 million. austria 1.1 million. great britain 885,000. the united states, 117,000 military death but that's. -- military deaths. >> what percentage of casualties is given for injury or death related to disease, hygiene and flu etc.. >> i think that accounted for quite a few deaths. >> to point out, army medical services and maybe did a wonderful job in caring for the american troops in the war. i do not want to disparage them. the technology that was available and resources that were available simply were not there. they did not know how to handle influenza. they did not know how to handle combat stress and fatigue. that is another area where casualties can be much higher. fortunately for the americans, they did not have to fight for

it is really on the western front, the war is really between the french and the germans going at it. so, the french lose between 1.2 and 1.3 million men. of military age. that would be like us going to war today, and losing 11 million men out of our population. >> i think, the united states is involvement is so pivotal in world war i. it's for a very short duration. i think, they generally just don't realize the nature of the warfare, and how much of our world today was shaped by world war i. >> let's take a look at the average french soldier. circa 1917, 1980. he has his double-breasted horizon blue, which doesn't look like great camouflaged today, but when you actually go over to france in -- france and you see the fog rolling in on the darkness of the woods over there, it is actually excellent camouflaged. he wears his overcoat with his insignia showing his regiment. he has got his adrian helmet, which is a standard issue for the french army. he has got his leather gear because leather gear which has two ammunition patches in front, and one in the rear. he has his and 1917 gas mas

show you discussions on world war i known as the great war, including a look at soldiers on the western front, and how the u.s. dealt with shell shock. up next, we travel to concord, new hampshire to visit 14th president pierce only home he lived in. >> franklin pierce is 14th president of the united states. and only president from new hampshire. he was a lawyer. and very charismatic politician. and he lived in the house here from 1842 to 1848 with his wife jane, two sons, frankie and bennie. he had resigned a senate seat to come back to concord and be with his family and to work on his law practice. he was born in hills borough on november 23rd, 1804, in a log cabin. before he was a year old, his father moved him into the big georgian mansion in hills borough where he ran a tavern. so he grew up in social circumstances with lots of people coming and going and lots of political discussions. he was educated at some of the academies around hills borough. when he was 16, his father took him up to maine to go to bod encollege and he made some good friends up there, one of them was nathanael hawth

history it finished with the soviet union pushing on a counter offensive to ease pressure on the western front and helped liberate in the world from the nazis are to zeerust on off traveled to the city of course in western russia to watch the parade commemorating the anniversary. day here in course kicked off with a military parade tanks of the world war two era accompanied by troops later the russian president flew in by helicopter first thing he did laid flowers to the tomb of the unknown. and soldier then a minute of silence to commemorate all those lives lost seventy five years ago after that the russian president talked to some veterans and visited some of the memorials scattered around the city and while he was followed by hundreds of locals as well the city of course holds a very special place in the hearts of well pretty much all russians seventy five years ago this place saw what is still known as the largest tank battle in world history more than three million people fought in it and historians agree this battle that was the breaking point of the war for the soviets it allowed the tr

it was a year later when american army soldiers and marines saw the first major combat on the western front. you're the town of chateau- thierry at elle woods. or than 10,000 american gis were wounded or went missing. next a memorial ceremony marking the centennial of the american cemetery in france where many are buried. this is an hour and a half. >>> ♪ >> good morning. ladies and gentlemen, please stand for the official party. [ speaking french ] ♪ >> ladies and gentlemen, please be seated. [ speaking french ] welcome to the 2018 memorial day ceremony at the aisne-marne american cemetery. thank you all for your presence this morning. as we honor and remember our fallen. [ speaking french ] the ceremony for memorial day. [ speaking french ] we would first like to welcome the following family members. present with us here today. the good that, in honor of private franca that. mr. stephen gerard in honor of caldwell c robinson. captain wallace, in honor of private lester mullins. there are others present here today. and thank you all for coming. [ speaking french ] mr. stephen gerard. [ spe

show you discussions on world war i known as the great war including a look at soldiers on the western front and how the u.s. dealt with shell shock. a discussion now of presidential legacies. over the next 40 minutes white house historic cal association president mclawyer intalks about the lbj foundation and formerly laura bush chief ofuwyer intalk about the lbj foundation and formerly laura bush chief rwyer about the lbj foundation and formerly laura bush chief iwyer about the lbj foundation and formerly laura bush chief nwyer about the lbj foundation and formerly laura bush chief yer i about the lbj foundation and formerly laura bush chief er in about the lbj foundation and formerly laura bush chief r int about the lbj foundation and formerly laura bush chief intat the lbj foundation and formerly laura bush chief intalks about the lbj foundation and formerly laura bush chief ntalks about the lbj foundation and formerly laura bush chief talks about the lbj foundation and formerly laura bush chief talks about >> good afternoon. . good afternoon. my name is bob mcgee. i serve on the board of

the french army has 80% of the line and on the western front the war is really between the french and germans going at it. the french lose between 1.2 and 1.3 million men of military age. that would be like us going to war today and losing 11 million men out of our population. i think we're -- the united states' involvement, though pivotal in world war i sfor very short duration. i think they generally don't realize the nature of the warfare and how much of our world today is shaped by world war i. let's take a look at the average french soldier circa 1917/1918. it's horizon blue which doesn't look like great camouflage but when you go over to france and see the fog rolling in and the dashne darkness of the woods, it's excellent camouflage. he wears his overcoat with his insignia showing his regiment. he's got his adrian helmet which is a standard issue for the french army, his leather gear which has two ammunition pouchs in front and one in the rear. he's got his m-1 gas mask and labelle rifle. he's got his sheepskin used to keep him warm, his mess tent, a piece of squad gear, his ha

you see in this carving is like anything else that i or my friends know of anywhere else in the western front. it's apocalyptic, it's a premonition of the 20th century, it's in a very small space, not a large, underground city. to get into this space, you have to crawl through a narrow opening that's barely big enough for your body. and you slide in on your rear end and the camera gear is passed down and the place is almost collapsing on itself. but you find in this place, a carving that tells us what the soldiers in this sector in 1917 were feeling. it is only five years after the "titanic" goes down. the unsinkable "titanic." and it's a commentary on the dark side of modern progress where people believe that we can have final solutions and be protected once and for all from risks like with the "titanic," the iceberg and we find out on its maiden voyage that it's actually vulnerable and it sinks. world war i was almost the same situation, but much more massive. all the wonders of the modern city, the technologies that made life fast and efficient and exhilarating and inexpensive and powerful

take your break, take your loads off. 0n the western front, the material to the front lines came throughlway lines. in africa, you have beasts of burden. you would have mules and ox chained or an ox wagon. but because of the flies and the diseases they had four courses in animals, the way the war material got for horses in animals, the way the war material got from south africa up to east africa was on people's heads and shoulders. (music) the thing about the piece weighing our shoulders down i think it is a very important thing about this particular project. because it showed they were trying to weigh us down. it's our story and there is no person better who can tell you that story than us. so, for me, it's notjust a play. this is a platform to protest and say, has anything changed here? yes or no? south africa belongs to all that live in it in south africa. but still, there is this rage. it's not an opera, it's not a piece of theatre, it's not an installation. think of it as just a drawing historical drawing performance. it's a mixture of projections, 50 metre by ten metre projections.

tv, military historian edward l'engle talks about the experiences of american soldiers on the western front never in finer company. conquer hell, the muse argonne, 1918. national -- in gettysburg posted this event. >>

history it finished with the soviet union pushing on a counter offensive to east pressure on the western front and helped liberate the world from the nazis he goes down off this morning travels to the city of khost in western russia to watch the parade commemorating the anniversary. day here in course kicked off with the military parade tanks of the world war two era accompanied by troops later the russian president flew in by helicopter first thing he did laid flowers to the tomb of the unknown soldier and then a minute of silence to commemorate all those lives lost seventy five years ago after that the russian president talked to some veterans and visited some of the memorials scattered around the city and while he was followed by hundreds of locals as well the city of course holds a very special place in the hearts of well pretty much all russians seventy five years ago this place saw what is still known as the largest tank battle in world history more than three million people fought in it and historians agree this battle was the breaking point of the war for the soviets it allowed the tro

i have to be honest with you, i'm not entirely sure whether sikhs fought on the western front.course, they fought and were very important in world war ii. whether the british used them on the western front in world war i i don't know, but they would not be buried in roman. they would be memorialized in other ways on the british front. >> there are numbers on military deaths in world war i, i'll show them again it you. germany losing 2.1 million soldier, military deaths during the war. russia again for you, germany losing 2.1 million soldiers, military deaths throughout the war. russia 1.8 million, rangreat britain, the british empire, with several hundred thousand deaths, 885,000. the united states of america, with 117,000 military deaths over the course of their involvement in world war i. dave in bellview, florida, a veteran, go ahead. >> caller: yeah. what percentage of all the casualties is given for injuries or deaths related to disease, you know, the hygiene, there wasn't any, the battlefields were just mud and trenches, and the last lady took mine, but that was more or l

take your loads off. 0n the western front, men and material towards the front came on railway lines.africa, you would normally have beasts of burden, a mule or ox chain, or ox wagon. but because of tsetse flies and the diseases they had for horses and animals, the way the war material got from south africa up to east africa was on people's heads and shoulders. the thing about the piece weighing our shoulders down, i think it is a very important thing about this project. because it should actually weigh us down. it is our story and there is no better person who can tell our story than us. so for me it's not a burden. this is a platform to protest and say, "has anything changed here? yes or no?" south africa belongs to all those living in south africa but still there is racism, there is rage. he talks another language. it's not an opera, it's not a piece of theatre, it's not an installation. the best description is a drawing, a historical drawing in performance. it's a mixture of projections, 50 metre by 10 metre projections. we have an orchestra of 60 musicians. we have a group of sol

tv,, on american history edward l'engle talks about the experiences of american soldiers on the western frontcompany, the men of the great wars of the last italian -- battalion. and to conquer hell. site innhower national gettysburg posted this hour-long event. >> good afternoon and welcome. we are at the world war i camp weekend. this is an opportunity for the public to learn about cam cole, which was a camp training program for tanks at the gettysburg national

sides it finished with the soviet union pushing on a country offensive to ease pressure on the western front and helped liberate the world from the nazis. easy. to me that. it would. be the purpose of authorities but it easy for. all those are new stories for with facebook busily purging a kind from russia and iran this week watching the hawks delves into what in authentic behavior actually means and it's next. to me just simply set. up a base here. in the field. non-single he would be useful if he. were talking to. ok let's. get it why don't we just get it started. but not a lot of any of us come out i skid but i'm about the same as art but i was up the money into the museum about. how the long low i left my last caller. just said so you'll be. there when you go so this is a long. long way from here to be made by. the people who got the musical folks on the got. that little part that you. feel. so sad because they unemployment rate is down the labor participation rate is high so this goes against all the doom mongers before the election to trump and of course nobody in mainstream media want

and familiar to the soldiers who had been brought here from all over the western front for a surpriseno other in four years of war. i august seven, the plan was ready. this tower was built to commemorate australian troops, some of whom fought north of amiens. if you stood here on august eight, 1918 you would have seen the smoke and flames as allied artillery destroyed german guns and you would have heard the rumble of the engines as 500 tanks and over 50,000 troops began to move forward through the early morning fog to enemy positions. by lunchtime on the first day, the allies had advanced eight miles into enemy territory. men and machines working together. yet, after the disastrous losses of previous battles, few men realise that the tide was turning. the expected it would go on. peter barton has been examining german interviews with allied soldiers ca ptu red interviews with allied soldiers captured during the battle. there we re captured during the battle. there were thousands of prisoners and they all agree, 90% of them agree, that it will be the following year. yet again, the fol

sides it finished with the soviet union pushing on a country offensive to ease pressure on the western front and helped liberate the world from the nazis. but. it would. be. to be. the celebrations were marked with a huge parade on the iconic twenty thirty four times the way today on the very same about the length of the soviets to their famous victory back in one thousand three hundred some people filled the streets in her skin and western russia to walk on the russian president is expected to attend later it's just. now water is fast becoming liquid gold in india withdraw its in euro's parts of the country we examine the plight of the working poor next in age to. gypsy simply said. something up and basically it was in the. yasi will you give you this this is. were you talking to this. girl up i think i'll give it a lot of this to meet each other. and then a lot of it i'm about to come out of a skid but i'm about the same as art and i was up the money into the magazine but i mean it. was holding a long long time like my mother. to say to. the school and they're all right so this is a long.

we have discussions on world war i known as the great war including a look at soldiers on the western front and how the u.s. dealt with shell shock. this labor day weekend there is three days of featured programs saturday at 8:00 p.m. as professor matt harris discusses the anti slavery movement before the civil war. sunday at 10:00 a.m. women in congress series continues with barbara canele and at 8:00 p.m. on the presidency, a look at the relationship between george washington and alexander hamilton and the accuracy of hamilton's the musical. on monday 8:00 p.m. the presidential site summit. watch this labor day on c span 3. associations from across the country talk about how they decide which stories are included and why some are disregarded and discuss the impact of first laids and outside relationships to key wd it restored, and president truman on a post-presidential visit was surprised to find his old piano back in the white house. >>> hello. i'm gale berry west. and i am on the board of the white house historical association. on behalf of the association, the board is pleased that yo

including a look at soldiers on the western front and how the u.s. dealt with shell shock. >> cspan where history unfolds daily. in 1979, cspan was created as a public service by america's cable television companies. and today we continue to bring you unfiltered coverage of congress. the white house, the supreme court, and public policy events in washington, d.c. and around the country. cspan is brought to you by your cable or satellite provider. >>> the white house historical association is hosting a press summit, descendants of president from monroe to ford are meeting to exchange ideas. this morning they heard from historians and journalists about how memories of presidents change. white house historical association vice chair rogers introduces the panel. this is about an hour 45 minutes. >>> well good morning ladies and gentlemen, i'm very happy to be here. and i also served as the chairman of the white house historical association and i'm also treasurer of the ronald reagan foundation as well. so another presidential site. to kick things off thi

friday, we show discussions on world war i and the great war, including a look at soldiers in the western front and how the u.s. dealt with shell-shock. >>> restoration at thomas jefferson's monticello is uncovering the story of sally hemmings and other slaves who lived, worked and died at the third president's plantation. up next from american history tv's american artifacts, a behind-the-scenes look at the restoration work and we hear the stories that have been revealed. this is an hour and 45 minutes. >> so if you had visited monticello 20 years ago, you would have seen jefferson's neoclassical villa. but what we wanted to do is change that. we wanted to restore the landscape of slavery. because if you had come up this mountaintop in jefferson's time, first thing you would have seen most likely would have been enslaved people. there would have been no place on this mountain top slavery wasn't visible. and we want to restore that, make that known to visitors who come here today. so we're now in the middle of re-creating or restoring dwellings along mull berry row, that man plaination street,

world war i, it was the western front. what is it in world war ii? what is it? in some ways, there isn't any real center of horrors some have pointed out and hovered over the whole war in tokyo and hiroshima and nag sackie and these are the aspects of modern war as samuel heinz would have said. the war fought against civilian civilians. but i think a case to be made that saving private ryan and d day has established d day as well as some contributions by this museum as center of the horror of world war ii in neutrality of that story to our national memory. gave america a heroic narrative through stories of sacrifice and courage and citizen soldiers amid the slaughter on omaha, the fear, the death made palpable and ultimately the victory. so last thing i'd like to say and we'll close and have questions but because steven ambrose is one of those who is sometimes pillaried by his story for allegiance to the good war, and overlooking the fictionalized aspects of private ryan and other war movies. one of the great stories who hasn't seen it in ten years or so gave ve

after four years of trench warfare and stalemate, it was their most successful single day on the western front has not been told enough. robert hall was in the cathedral. this is a landscape where the course of a terrible conflict was changed. in amiens cathedral, music and personal accounts combined to tell that story. the attack at amiens was a total surprise. at dawn a huge allied bombardment systemically destroyed german guns. the smoke barely clearing before 500 tanks led men from six countries in an advance which took some of them eight miles into enemy territory. amiens was symbolic of the entente cordiale... a battle whose significance was underlined by the duke of cambridge. today, we return to learn more about the experience of those involved during the historic summer of 1918. to honour the fallen of all nations. the amiens attacks were planned to the last detail. as the clock ticked down, commanders penned their final messages. every man will carry on to the utmost of his powers until his goal is won. to those who fall, i say will you not die, but step into immortality. by lunchtim

decreases all the energy is transferred to the other side of the mediterranean over spain tickly western front to the area of low pressure is associated with increasingly warm air and the whole lot is pushing up some big thunderstorms the west in france and i think we further north with the heat now the moment you see that's the dome of warmth and in the middle of europe where i suppose germany poland is down to twenty or below and that scandinavia too with the water either side of that i think anything that cooler weather will try and push each is not get very far the next batch of biting winds and rain will try and edge into france as you can see it gets in there that'll be the thunderstorms paris as a result ends up with about twenty degrees the whole lot blows through some i think big downpours as this pushes through the alps and yes there is the winds from the north but a chill coming to the low countries so this middle bit germany and poland will see the cool and to the west the want to be replaced by breezy went with her and southward to enjoy the sunshine be too hot maybe thirty nine d

after years of stalemate, it was their most successful single day on the western front.e story of a battle that many feel has not been told enough. robert hall was there. this is a landscape where the course of a terrible conflict was changed. in amiens cathedral, music and personal accounts combined to tell that story. the attack at amiens was a total surprise — at dawn a huge allied bombardment systemically destroyed german guns. the smoke barely clearing, before 500 tanks led men from six countries in an advance which took some of them eight miles into enemy territory. amiens was symbolic of the entente cordiale... a battle whose significance was underlined by the duke of cambridge. today, we return to learn more about the experience of those involved during the historic summer of 1918. to honour the fallen of all nations. the amiens attacks were planned to the last detail as the clock ticked down, commanders penned theirfinal messages. every man will carry on to the utmost of his powers until his goal is won. to those who fall, i say will you not die, but step into i

the idea was to break the stalemate on the western front, open the straits, which as you come out of the black sea through istanbul, and finally into the mediterranean, to open up the waterway to allow the russian of the black sea fleet as well as dust coming out of the very, very robust agriculture area, and in here as well, romania to come out and into the indian ocean. it was also designed to prod italy into joining the war as well. now, churchill proposed simply a naval attack on the peninsula. there was a little bit of dispute in the war counsel. ultimately it was decided after the action that failed to -- the naval action that failed to open the straits to inject land forces. i will not go into that per se because it's getting a little beyond the scope here tonight, but i think that's probably what most people are familiar with when you say galipili. i will concentrate on the naval aspect. a lot of people don't realize this, this was another winston churchill creation, and that's the royal naval division. these folks were essentially sailors that acted as soldiers. there were t

were russian and if you were english, korea, the ambush in the reservoir, world war i it was a western front. what is it in world war ii? what is it? in some ways there isn't any real center of whorrors, offere over the whole war is auschwitz and tokyo and shhiroshima and nagasaki. these are the pitiful aspects of modern war as samuel hines would have said. the war fought against hapless civilians. but i think a case could be made that saving private ryan and d-day have established d-day as well as some contributions by this museum as a center of the horror ever world war ii in terms of centrality of that story to our national memory. it gave america a heroic narrative through stories of sacrifice and courage. and citizen soldiers amid the slaughter on omaha. the fear, the death is made palpable and ultimately the victory. so last thing i would like to say and then we'll close and have questions but -- because steven ambrose is one of those who sometimes pillerried by historians for his allegiance to the good war and overlooking the fictionalized aspects maybe of private ryan and other war m