i want to bring in mia whily, sean jacobs, bonn and raised in apartheid south africa, he is a writert the new school. pedro mcgary is a director of the metropolitan center for research at new york stiff and eleanor cliff, an editor with "the daily best." mia, i will start with you. it's sort of this universal memorial taking place in the united states and everywhere around the world, totally deserved for nelson mandela, but i can't help but think how recent it was in history nelson mandela was a contested political figure. we were playing some of the clips in the intro. how do we get from the late 1980s, early 1980s, we have william f. buckley in 1990 saying this will be a day of infamy, maybe. how do we get from there to here? what's happened? >> part of what's happened is mandela, himself, was so effective in demonstrating he was a leader of peace and reconciliation. so the fact that people have stereotyped him into a particular type of violent, dangerous person, thanks, greatly to the propaganda of the apartheid regime, by the way, he was able to transform himself by his very acts