but whites owned the past. in a pageant portraying negotiation of the treaty in which mississippi treated choctaws, white men played the rolls of indian leaders who acknowledging their racial inferiority acquiesced to the treaty. whites also constructed contemporary race relations to suit themselves. organizers of the tri-racial festival proclaimed. now is the time to show the world that though american democracy is not perfect, we are learning the lesson of the dignity of men and women regardless of class, race or religion and that justice, understanding and goodwill shall increase among us. four years later, a mob lynched emmett till, named for the choctaw treaty signed that forced the choctaw nation west. in 1964 during freedom summer, members of the ku klux klan murdered three civil rights workers in a county where most choctaws remaining in mississippi lived. an indian man found the victims burned-out car on choctaw land near the community. but he was so terrified that he reported his discovery not to t ch

those lower class white people, are they giving white people a bad same in because the white people whorous, who have the values of white people, like marriage, the product and work ethic, those people with those val yiews, can't we just call the lower class white people not white anymore because are all of them white? some of them might be italian? [ laughter ] what is white america? >> it's exactly the opposite. i'm not talking about problems of working class white america because we want these people to shape up. i'm talking about it because if you go to white working class america to communities there you see lots of people doing everything right. it's about time we gave validation and reinforcement to all the people who are trying to do the right thing. >> stephen: what is the answer? what is the solution? >> every important improvement in american life has started with a cultural shift where people started to think about problems differently. and one of the things that contributes to cultural shift is the books. so that's why i write books. >> stephen: maybe you should start blogg

this is not from the white house collection or from the white house suite. you can see here, obviously, the antiquity influence. the splayed legs. the form, the decoration. and also another chair the findlays created as well. what also you'll see as a huge trend here is the caned seat. the 40-piece suite of furniture the findlays made were painted and lacquered in white and gold. here is one of those examples which you'll be able to see closer up later on. but this is one of the couches that the findlays created that latrobe designed coming from the grecian examples he saw and used from thomas hope's book. here's a close-up of that design. these are all on display for you to see afterwards. here's an example from what the cushion looks like that you could see formerly on the last design we saw. more of that. okay. and the -- some of the furniture was also grained in imitation of highly figured mahogany. mahogany at this time was not a native wood of the united states. it was mostly imported and very expensive. fancy furniture, although it was very fashionabl

from then on, i knew that i was not supposed to talk to a white child or interact with a white child. that was a very early age. i was maybe around five or six years old. then, my mother explained to me about -- and words stuck in my mind -- "white folks." another occasion happened to me in a five and ten-cent store. i have to tell you this to put it in perspective. it was not just march 2. it was all the bad experiences that i have had as a child at that young age that i should not have had to have gone through. there was a lunch counter. i still tell everybody i love the smell of that by then 10 -- that five and ten. i looked over and saw these little white kids sitting on coca-cola -- sipping on coca- cola. they were eating double-decker'' sandwiches, and my mother was looking away, and i sneaked over there. i knew she would come over there and buy me one. she came back and grabbed me by the back of my collar and pulled me -- she said, "i told you, that is for white folks." you learn at a very early age. she said, "honey, are you hungry?" i was not hungry, but i saw what those whit

white institutions created it, and white society maintained it and condoned it. so much focus regarding the causes of the urban crisis was on the violence in black sections of cities. people were extremely -- you know, for a lot of people in america, this came out of nowhere. how did this happen. especially given it's the mid-1960s, this would be a time i would normally ask you a question. can i do that? anybody might field bold enough to step up to the mike? you know the answer. we can do this. what's happening in the mid-1960s, in the united states, that might cause people in the country to look at this violence in american cities emanating from black sections with befuddlement and curiosity? saying, what's going on in the country at that time? that directly involves african-americans, that directly involves their -- and now i'm giving it away. that would cause people to say, what are all these people in l.a. angry about? come on. nobody's going to answer this? no, you got to come to the microphone, man. come on, for that now -- >> all right. >> there you go. >

>> it was at that point that the white house that we know first came to be. the white house. edith roosevelt wanted it to evoke its colonial roots. it's a very federal formal white house. the beautiful pillars and the great entryway and the grand staircase she put in helps to brought in a more regal worldwide presidency. they move into the greater world as a power. the white house was built to command respect and show the power of that presidency. mrs. roosevelt was in charge of the decoration of that white house. >> she added a first lady's portrait. >> she did. she consolidated the portraits and commissioned hers and established a first lady's gallery. >> politically, what is she known for? >> she is a first lady that steps away from policy. certainly she is someone who can restrain her husband and can say opinions to her husband. she keeps very private with them. she had a young large family and was concentrating on that family. she wanted time for her family and husband. we think in a lot of ways as one of the first managerial first ladies. she wanted time and decided wha

>> the white house that we know first came into being, came to be the white in white house. and edith roosevelt -- and theodore roosevelt wanted it to evoke it's sort of colonial roots and so it's a very federal, formal white house. the beautiful pillars. the great entryway. the new grand staircase that she put in. it also helped to bolster -- the roosevelts brought in the imperial presidency, a much more regal, formal worldwide presidency. this is when america really moves into the greater world as a power. and this white house was built to command respect for that and to show the power of that presidency. and mrs. roosevelt was in charge of the decoration of that white house. >> and she added a first ladies portrait gallery? >> she did. she consolidated the portraits of the first ladies. commissioned hers to be added to it and established a first ladies portrait gallery on the ground floor of the white house. >> politically, policywise, what is she known for? >> she's a first lady that steps away from policy. certainly is someone that can restrain her husband, and i'm sure

social schedules to make sure nothing was impeding the white house's -- or conflicting with the white house's particular social agenda. >> what was the impact of all of that? >> mrs. roosevelt had a control over washington that i think some of the more recent prior first ladies had not. she formalized things. she had a definite code of behavior. if you did not follow her code of behavior you didn't really exist in her washington. and she did bring a power and a grandeur back to the entertaining, the visible side of the white house that bolsters theodore roosevelt's forays into international politics and to bring power back to the presidency. >> lady bird johnson. >> lady bird johnson is one of -- i have to say, i'm from texas. lady bird johnson is one of my favorite first ladies. she is the first first lady to announce her own political -- not her own political agenda, but her own inaugural agenda. she announces leading up to the 1965 inauguration, she goes public with her agenda for her time as first lady and will concentrate on beautification or really now what we call environmental

because when monroe came into the white house -- actually, most of those things never entered the white house. >> right. >> they were used in the 7 building. to my knowledge, they're not in the montpelier collection. they may have been destroyed or they may have been lost in history. >> thank you. >> sure. >> the 1814 drawing that you have of the white house after the fire -- >> yes. >> -- that's a drawing, i mean, what was left of the white house, and what did they work with to come up with the white house that we have today? >> essentially it was just the exterior shell that was left. and they still used that same structure and built it from the inside-out. there are reports of all the walls standing completely, and then there are reports of some of it actually being destroyed on part of the eastern side. but for the most part, if you are ever fortunate enough to get on the inside in the bowels of the white house, you can still see burn marks on some of the marble stone. >> so some parts of the white house were not flammable. that's why they were still there. did someone try to put th

i mean, what was left of the white house and what did they work with to come up with the white house that we have today? >> essentially it was just the exterior shell that was left. and they still used that same structure and built it from the inside out. there are reports of all the walls standing completely and then there are reports of some of it actually being destroyed on part of the eastern side. but for the most part, if you are ever fortunate enough to get on the inside, in the bowels of the white house, you can still see burning marks on some of the stone. >> some parts of the white house were not flammable. that's why they were still there. >> yes. >> did someone try to put the fire out? >> actually, there was a rainstorm that helped singe everything -- i'm sorry. not singe. put everything out. which was very lucky for them. it happened the next day. >> thank you. >> sure. >> you mentioned when they burned washington, they didn't burn the entire city. >> correct. >> they left taverns? >> yes. >> and what else did you say? >> hotels. >> hotels. >> there are actually several

so white boston. all right. you can really get a sense of how the african-american enclaves around the roxbury corridor become concentrated more and more over time. and that will be apparent when we look at black boston. okay. so you get a sense, right, from looking at some of these maps, that there's a spatial component to this history. to the history of the creation of what hirsh calls the second ghetto. african-americans had lived again in cities since there were american cities, there had been populations of african-americans in cities in the 19th century. you read a little bit but not much about how those populations increase in the 1910s through the 1930s with kind of that first wave of great migration. earlier historians kind of pointed to that 1890s, 1930s period as the creation of the ghetto. the enduring ghetto is what one historian used that language to refer to what happens to those black communities in cities that form in the early 20th century, as you saw from the maps, it's kind of those small are

she's co-authored essays on the white house council and staff and secretaries and the white house transition project from 2000 to 2008. she's the past president of the american political science association presidency research group and a book review editor for the presidential studies quarterly. dean cowlowski here, he's a professor of history at the university of maryland. he's the co-author of "nixon's civil rights." and he's written lots of articles and mini journals including the policy history, diplomatic history, and presidential studies quarterly. he was the paul v. mcnutt visiting professor of history at indiana university and he's currently conducting research for a biography on paul v. mcnutt. and paul charles marozzo is here as well, he's associate professor of history at ohio university and the author of "unlikely environmental congress and clean water" 1945 to 1972. he received his ph.d. from the university of virginia and fittingly was a fellow at the miller center for a year, one of our co-sponsors here. and his current research and teaching interest include 20th century hist

whiteness, note to segregate the white population in mirered ways based on ethnicity. despite before victims of jim crow, few southern indians joined the civil rights movement after world war ii. their history distinguished them from african-americans even if discrimination did not. in 1962 choctaw chief philip martin expressed the view of many indians. when the white people came, they brought with them the negroes as their slaves. so in a nut shell the white and negro problem is one of their own making. in my opinion, the basis of the indian problem is entirely different. tribes did not seek individual rights for individual indians, instead they sought respect for their distinct status as sovereign nations. consequently they looked to indian organizations such as national congress of american indians to seek redress of grievances. southern indians recognized they had unique problems rooted in southern history. therefore they formed regional organizations that addressed particular needs. membership in these organizations was tribal, not individual, and they focused on

now, i'm a student of white house staffing. and, on occasion, people say after they say, gee, that's kind of boring, isn't it? they say, but what do we know? i've distilled two lessons. one is, it all depends. and the second is, everything begins with richard nixon. and i say that quite seriously. in fact, what i'm going to talk about today is nixon and the administrative presidency. and i'm going to suggest that the kinds of strategies and initiatives as well as some of the debate that has come over the administrative presidency, indeed, stted with richard nixon. now, as it turns out, all presidents have clear incentives to seek good staff around them in the white house, in executive branch agencies, and in other parts of government. but richard nixon also, again like all presidents, also desired responsiveness to his own political and policy priorities. nigel has already talken to us about the context of the times. those things have to be kept in mind when one thinks about strategies and one thinks about the kinds of goals th

on white violence.> yeah. >> a white guy against a white guy playing the race card. let's move on. >>> democrats and republicans, they're city setting aside their differences to vote on a jobs bill in the house. the legislation is designed to help small businesses, especially start-ups. there's little or no controve y controversy. lawmakers and the president, they all agree that this jobs act is good. it's comprised of six measures aimed at removing barriers to small business investment. >>> a stunning new report from the surgeon general on kids and smoking. it suggests tobacco companies are skirting the law and targeting young people. the report says the once steady decline in youth smoking has slowed or stalled in recent years and each day 1,000 people under 18 smoke their first cigarette. plus, numbers show two people start smoking for every one person who dies from tobacco use. it's the first surgeon general report on kids and tobacco use since 1994. >>> all right. first he asked you out. then he ro

north white. upper northwest. there's no sign there that says blacks stay out. there are no laws that say only white people can buy real estate here. in fact, there are laws that prohibit that sort of racial bias. i'll make you a bet if you surveyed 1,000 people in ward three or four of d.c., chevy chase, the most exclusive neighborhoods, big, well-manicured lawns, fancy houses, luxury cars, if you knocked on the doors and said to each of the people, and there are whole blocks where i assure you from the census data you know you're not going to see a single person of color. maybe you'll see one asian american. but you could go 20, 30, 40 houses and it's going to be all white otherwise. you survey a thousand of those homeowners, maybe one of them will say something racial. if you say why do you live her? they'll say good neighborhood, good shopping, my real tore suggested it. they'll tell you all sorts of things. not one of them is going to say i live here because black folks don't live next door.

this strange bomb that this resident refers to contain white phosphorus. a chemical incendiary weapon often compared to the napalm used in vietnam. according to the geneva convention. civilians and civilian objects may not be attacked in any circumstances by incendiary bombs. basically the use of white phosphorus is banned and he populated zones the american army claims to have used it only to illuminate combat zones. yet influenza thousands of inhabitants were still in the city during the bombing. up to you know as the rangers to meet me at the martyrs cemetery a former football stadium three thousand five hundred bodies are buried here resistance fighters and civilians all right. this is where all the units played football today he comes to meditate at the graves of former teammates now become martyrs. get an idea what they like about some of the footballers who are used to play in this stadium very clear to me that even the coach we called it cut the old cowboy even he was killed by the americans and although i think thirteen players from the flu team a

she has co-authored essays on the white house council and staff secretary as part of the white house transition project in 2000 to 2008. she's the past president of the american political science association's presidency research group and a book review editor for "the presidential studies quarterly." dean kotlowski is here. here's a professor of history at salisbury university in maryland. he's the co-author of "nixon's civil rights, politics, principle and policy." he's written lots of articles and many journals including "the journal of policy history," he was the visiting professor of history at indiana university. he's currently conducting research for a biography of paul v. mcnaught. paul milazzo is here as well. associate professor at ohio university. author of "unlikely environmentalists: congress and clean water 1945 to 1972." he received his ph.d. from the university of virginia. fittingly, was a fellow at the miller center for a year. one of our co-sponsors here. his current research and teaching interests include 20th century history, u.s. history, politics and policy, th

what is the white house doing? not focused on getting us jobs. >> and should probe call governor palin? >>guest: he will never. >> should he? >> he should. >> absolutely positively no. >> she ranted against him? >> maybe she should call you. >> calmer heads reveiling, should president obama reach out and call governor palin? >> if they were smart they would say, everyone to the corner, take five deep breaths, you can come back then we will have a discussion of how we improve our country but that would be the smart thing to do but they will not do it. >> not will they, should he? >> no, it will feed the story. i do. it is another distraction. >> and it is disingenuous. one of the problems the white house has is the appearance or feeling of insincerity and a call like that ... face that. >> i say when you invoke the name of your wife and your children, pick up the phone. last night liberal fox news contributor ... what? what? what in agreed with governor palin. listen to this. >> they are making the distinctions that

get a great white job at a great white company.other groups, the goal is to be an entrepreneur and continue the family business. we lost that when those corporations started to see the value of our dollar, for a fantastic would-be entrepreneurs ended up working for the great corporations that were marketing to the african-american consumer so it was the perfect storm. the consumers or are you going that way because they had been denied the opportunity for so long not knowing what they were doing to the community and are talented people were going to those corporations. so we lost those guys who would have been only the hardware stores and grocery stores. all of that started to happen and then the last wave of it, let's say 70s, 80s and early '90s, the immigrant population started to notice this phenomenon. here's this community that loves to spend of us to spend outside of the community. this is their badge of honor to be able to pipe rants and support companies that are not within their community so they set up shop in our communi

that's not for white people. so those two dynamics are very important in the two states. in terms of partisan realignment and that probably has it own set of effects. >> that's sort of what you're saying. >> yeah. i mean, i think whether or not there's political diversity in texas is largely up to the republican party right now. i think if the republican party gets it act together and starts rehi growi growing demographic of their state, which many republicans believe there are a lot of latinos who can vote republican because they see an alignment with certain positions of the republican party. i think that texas is at a tipping point in terms of what political parties are going to do with all of these latinos. you know, are democrats going to continue to fracture, fracture, fracture to preserve the last shreds of, you know, incumbents who may not be preferred candidates of latinos? are republican knocking on doors and say i believe in immigration reform? so i don't think that we're going to split up or maybe in

so the white house didn't have its start here. he served as the first president in that house from april of 1789 until february of 1790. he then, with the congress, senate, house of representatives, and the rest of the federal government, relocated from new york city to philadelphia. and there he occupied a mansion located in the central part of that city, once occupied by robert morris. washington finished his term in office in philadelphia. he never served as president in washington, d.c. and then he was followed up there by john adams, who was the second president of the united states, who occupied that same building until he -- until the white house was completed here in the district in 1800. so for nearly a decade the philadelphia mansion served as the white house of the united states. it was the seat of the executive branch of the federal government and was a place for both the public and the private activities of george washington. he met dignitaries there. he met his members of the congress there. it was the center of the

her covers show white reformers, white workers, white children, and the men with whom they resist such as the police officers and sailors are white. the railroad porter in this cover is not. the suffrage movement was plagued by racial animosity and prejudices like all elements of society in this era. allender did not give attention to the plight of african-american women who feared for their lives because of their race, nor did she highlight the injustices endured by american indian women forced to live on reserves or asian women kept from reuniting with their husbands because of immigration restrictions. instead, she drew scenes of white women enduring, achieving, reeducating and celebrating. the bartender, a voter, serves up a national amendment drink to women invited to try our special susan b. anthony and congressional aide. and on february 20th, 1920, allender drew a woman trying to train the politicos new tricks with her votes. little has been written about allender in a start maybe to assess her as a suffragist historian who understood the important contribution her work made to

you may have heard that term white flight. it is true. cities are hemorrhaging white folk for a few reasons which we'll get to. we'll get to them in a bit. the white flight argument can take on a few connotations that don't really help to explain what happened in cities or really doesn't have to explain what caused white flight. if you just say why are cities going down the tubes in the mid 1960s, white people are leaving. there is this kind of individual lis particular trouble way to think about t white people are leaving and that's what's causing the cities to go down. if they stayed, they wouldn't be suffering the social calamities, right? i think again when you take structure into consideration and ask about the history, the simple fact of white people leaving doesn't explain what caused the crisis. also, just by saying white people left the cities, leaves it as individual choice when again based on what you read there were structures put in place. suburbanization was a process facilitated by government, underwritten by housing intere

teh white -- the white section was empty, and the colored section was full, so i sat in the middle, thet on the left, the last one in the middle. i was not thinking about anything in particular. i had a chocolate candy bar, and i was looking out the window. an older girl sat next to me. i continued looking out the window. more people got on the bus, and some more color and some were white, and soon, no more seats were available. colored folks started getting up, and white folks started taking their seats. i just stared straight ahead. "make light on your feet." other people got up, but i told myself that i would just stay seated. folks started staring at me. you know why -- you know, white folks. [laughter] "she knows where she belongs." open " i hope she is not one of them troublemakers --"i hope she is not one of the troublemakers." me? a troublemaker? just because of how i was born? my daddy that -- got a cowboy hat and cowboy boots. board rogers was coming to town -- roy rogers was coming to town. it was for white kids only. why? they think we are troublemakers? i do not want to mak

black i will support the white business i am sure because it is white it will be right to. that is better we cannot hold a candle to a white business. be no that is not true but that thinking does live and breed it stops us and when we do we think it is a burden we have a bad experience. we never have these conversations to go to a majority owned business because inside rethink black and entrepreneurs are inferior one of them may nichols mystified the negative stereotyped to show everybody to show america those of entrepreneurs and if i have to deal to, i think the experiment can do that to is so funny now that i say it everybody knows it but we did not talk about the floor because it is real and our community. cbs covered the experience and spent three days with us. when they went door-to-door and then where black-owned and they saw the virtues store had mark -- no comex margin is 13 and said heart and soul of the west side and inside it was a greek own family. why you put up with this? it is so insulting the everybody here is black, up four, although these businesses will

the first is on the ryan white funding. as of earlier the sure, there is a piece of our funding that has been in danger on multiple occasions of being reduced. over the past several years, we have always, with the help of our benefactors, have been able to make it through without those reductions. we learned earlier this year that that was no longer going to be the case. our funding associated with a ryan white would be going away. we have a supplemental appropriations approved to get tested the end of this fiscal year. -- to get us through the end of this fiscal year. but we have $4.7 million gap. i will just make a note that there are still some adjustments that could come to that figure. we are waiting on some final information on some of our awards that number could change a little bit as we get more information. but that is pretty close to where we are. that funding gap will continue into the future. the other major piece of the equation is the hiv prevention funding. we have been notified that our funding for hiv prev

on another occasion, white boys. what does it say about him -- as we look at the por trat of president obama, right, olinski, resco, acorn and the way he is has governed. what does it tell you about the president? >> he, too, has turned his back on the ideal of a colorblind society. he is really for, i guess getting even society, a revenge society. i think the appointment of eric holder and his behavior as attorney general shows that same mindset. it's very ugly. particularly ironic in the case of bell because at one point in his career he fought against racism. now, he has gone into someone that thinks that racism should be put under new management. >> sean: talking about holder or the president turned back to the concept of the idea of colorblind society. >> i was thinking about derek bell, but also the case i think it would apply to eric holder and perhaps to the president. >> sean: i think it's more ideological. actually the person that i am most concerned that he hung out more than anybody. i don't like reverend