care of the white house and its grounds as well as the park areas immediately surrounding the white house. finally. we are joined by lydia teterick curator of the white house. she has been part of the white house curatorial staff since 1979. tetrick has lectured and published articles on the white house collection and specializes in historic photographs of the executive mansion. please join me in welcoming our panelists to the stage for our final panel today. here put me in the middle here. i don't like this. well, thank you sarah for that wonderful introduction. it's it's been a pretty incredible day. i heard some fascinating insights from different people and i know this will be a fitting conclusion to our symposium. and before we get into our conversation about preservation with the white house, i figured i would share a little bit about the history behind these preservation efforts at the white house and in some of the challenges that we face. in addition to being the home and office of america's head of state the white house also must serve as a ceremonial stage and as a museum

yeah, which is about the white house gardens in the white house grounds. it's really an extraordinary issue. so thank you all for coming. have a safe travel home.

but what is white? you know, and so you mentioned in your book i i'm listening to the audiobook you mentioned in your book that white people or europeans who come to are coerced into identifying as white so you know, white is a historical thing. why why was created during slavery and was created for a reason to keep you know, so-called whites in power and blacks, you know, not in power. and so there's a lot to it. there's this fear of intermixing in terms of white people. they don't want to mix. they don't want to be my color. you know. so what is whiteness and when did you become white, you know, and what does it even mean? and also to call yourself white in today's society, to me, it's a little bit insulting in a ways to history. yes, much damage has been done in the name of whiteness. i don't even see how someone can even call themselves white grant. you know, all the things that have been done through history, all the millions of people that have been killed, the indians wiped out, the africans ensl

which is about the white house gardens and the white house grounds.ally an extraordinary issue. so thank you all for coming, have a safe travel home. [applause] ♪ >> if you're enjoying american history tv, then sign up for our newsletter or using the qr code on the screen to receive the weekly schedule of upcoming programs like lectures in history, the presidency and more. sign up for the american history tv newsletter today and be sure to watch american history tv every saturday or anytime online at c-span.org/history. ♪ ♪ ♪ >> weekends on c-span2 are an intellectual feast. every saturday american history tv documents america's stories. and on sundays booktv brings you the latest in nonfiction books and authors. funding for c-span2 comes from these television companies and more, including charter communications. >> charter is proud to be recognized as one of the best internet providers, and we're just getting started building 100,000 miles of new infrastructure to reach those who need it most. >> charter communications along with these television com

the white house. well, with us to give deeper insight into pat nixon and betty ford, we have some distinguished people on this stage, susan ford bales only daughter of president and mrs.. susan is the sponsor, the aircraft carrier uss gerald r ford and recognize one of her extraordinary service as the ship's sponsor. susan was named an honorary aviator by the united states navy, becoming only the 31st american ever to receive this distinction and the first woman ever to be so honored. she is the recipient of three honorary doctorates and is the author of two novels set in the white house. i'm waiting for those novels. get on tv now, because the netflix we need to clean up next looks a little. edward cox next to susan, the son in law of president and mrs. nixon. many of you recall that the hauenstein and the ford held a joint program. i figured it out 12 years ago. you asked when it was 12 years, 2011, where we were at the ford museum and featured ed cox talking about what it's like to work with presid

preservation of the white house. nearly a century the home's occupants constantly struggle to meet the expectations placedn upon them by the public and the press while congress appropriates funds for furnishings with john adams with $14,000 in 20,000an during andrw jackson's presidency and stated that amount until the presidency of calvin coolidge so as you could imagine some money went quickly and wasn't evenly distributed across the rooms. this meant a 16 broken items and shifting between rooms to address different concerns and when necessary filling out the public option and usingng the proceeds to buy new items for the house. in 1886 congress passed legislation that mandated that all purchases for the white house should be as far as an american or domestic manufacturers. while this was included as part of the appropriations bill, there were ways around it that we heard for example the china and then were purchased from american firms. the white house was after goal in office and home and extremely accessible one

mainstream white organizations led by white women focuses on white women in particular, they are also planning to vote for women of color. major carol was born enslaved but became one of the first women in the united states, the first black woman to earn a bachelors and masters degree. she was elected to be the first president of the national association of colored women which was founded in 1896. the organization was different from other suffrage organizations. they wanted the vote for women but were thinking more broadly about gender and race-based issues. they were thinking about protecting the vote for black men, they were thinking about anti-segregation, anti-lynching, how to educate their children. there is much more broad and as you can see from this image and many others like it, she emphasizes she and her fellow black women's rights activists are extraordinarily respectable, refined, elegant. she was interested in fashion and you can see she often has extravagant herself in these images, she's a fairly wealthy woman, fairly elite woman in washington dc at the time and you can

the press at the white house christmas parties. of these things that make us a living breathing museum. most off us in preservation woud not think about. >> thank you very much. that was a really eloquent start we have been involved with the white house since 1933. the collections since 1961. i r feel, you know, it really speaks to what the national park service is about. telling the story of this nation for future generations. i feel like that is what we do every day working here at the white house. i feel like, you know, all of those things that we see are important for people we sometimes takeom it for granted. people really see each one of those things as meaning something to them. waiting their whole life to see. it is very important that we all bear together making sure that that place is very special for people when they come to visit. as we said, it is an ever dynamic environment. it is changing every moment. changing with every administration. we have to be there to adjust and be nimble and work with it. at the same time,

who are coded as white. we've seen steps over our history to undo that and to create a multiracial when those steps date back to the revolts of enslaved date to the abolitionist the civil war. i and reconstruction. the date to the civil rights movement in the fifties sixties. and they date the steps towards the election. a black president in each of those incidents. what we see is that as people fight to upend the white supremacist status quo, those who are the beneficiaries of that status quo lash out violently in in defense of a system for which are the beneficiaries. and so what we see is that follow showing the revolts of enslaved people. we see massive acts of violence, both interpersonal and in terms of policy cutting down on the ability of enslaved people to have access to reading or to education, their freedom of movement, in some cases, quotas on how many nuances saved could be brought to a given colony to make sure that they would not lose an upper hand in terms of maintaining the populations we se

white house. today, we have a wonderful guest, pete souza, who is the bestselling author and for eight years was the chief white house photographer for president. obama headed the white house photography office and was a presidential photographer for president reagan. we have much talk about gathered with us here today. indicator house is a wonderful audience. friends of the white house historical association. many of you have the white house for years in either journalism, television, radio, photography and it's great to have you with us as well. so let's dive in, have our first question to pete. do you remember what the circumstances were, how old you were, the very first time you visited the white house? i do. i was a 1965. okay. my parents took myself and my sister, jane to d.c. and we we toured washington and we visited the white house. we went on the white house tour. we have no oh, no visit. do you know why? why is that? because photos were not on the white house tours until michelle obama.

have supremacy operates. -- white supremacy operates. it's the not always someone in a white hood. >> right. we have a person asking was -- [inaudible] also widespread in california? >> you know, that's another great question. i looked and looked for -- i tried to find an example of one that might organize a chapter around, and, you know, that's another thing where, you know, some downtowns it's sort of world of mouth in some of these towns, right? you, they're not always documented. but there were certainly places in the state where black people knew and brown people, all right, knew -- all people of color knew could be dangerous, certain neighbors. i mean, i know that from growing up in l.a., right in i knew where teenagers shouldn't be after it got dark right in and as a white teenager, right? that if i was in a car with students of color, right, they knew where you don't want to -- what neighborhood you don't want to be in. but i didn't actually write about any sundown towns, i didn't really find any towns. however, the success of re

the white house historical association? history of the white houseen historical association doctor shogun is a great political phd inst with a american politics from yale university as well as a bachelors degree in political science from boston college she is almost 15 years of service and the federal government including prominent roles with the u.s. senate as well as the library of congress she teaches government students at georgetown university and served as vice chair of the women's suffrage centennial commission another feather in her cap and an illustrious resident is that she currently serves as a cochair of the board of directors at the women's suffrage national monument foundation, designated by the congress to build the first memorial in d.c. dedicated to the history of the movement for women'sge equality. it's a huge deal. [applause] to begin with our panelists we have elaine rice bachmann who is the state archivist of maryland and a co-author of the wonderful book, designing camelot, published by the white hous

black voter registration has lagged behind white voter registration for black and white nonhispanic citizens from 1980 to 2020 and it is pretty consistent. why is that participation level that registration level, i should say, still lagging behind white nonhispanic citizens? guest: i think the biggest case is voter suppression, gerrymandering, all of these issues and phenomenon that continue to happen and persist today. i think that, you know, we regularly watched the news during the election season and we're hearing of stories of long lines in communities predominantly black and booths being closed or election fights being moved last minute and all these tactics that unfortunately create even more barriers for black voters to not only register but to vote and exercise their right to vote. and this is a -- one of the cornerstone issues that was advocated for during the march on washington for jobs and freedom but definitely even within my report, i was looking at the black unemployment rate which we see being still very much higher than the white unemployment rate. we see this issue, it's di

the construction of the white sea-baltic canal shocked the whole world.p of the first five-year plan was erected in a very short time, less than 2 years. it is 227 km. of these, 37 were laid in the stony soil of the iskah. this is 128 of course, there are a lot of myths about the canal, or gen and even the most popular cigarettes in the soviet union are named after the belomor canal . myths about the canal arose already in the late soviet era; they can get through, about 350,000 prisoners who built the canal died, this figure is given by alexander solzhenitsyn in order to figure it out, you need to travel to the ussr at the end of the 1920s and imagine the economy of transport and the country's defenses in that era. even in pre-revolutionary russia, the naval department made plans to transfer part of the navy to the white and barents seas, and the use of the northern sea route in soviet russia at the end of 1920 returned to this idea. moreover, military-strategic considerations came to the fore, the naval power of the ussr in the baltic was then very limi

by white women focus on promoting votes for white women in particular and it emphasizes the plan to vote for women of color. she was born a slave but became one of thehe first women in the united states, first black woman in the united states with a masters degree. also elected to be the first president of the national association colors woman found in 1896. this wasas different from other organizations. they supported the boat and wanted to vote for women and they are thinking moreif broadly about gender and race based issues so protecting black men who are losing it by the 1890s brought antisegregation and how to educate their children better. there's so much more broad movement and you can see many images emphasizes they are extraordinarily respectable and was interested in fashion and you cant. see often has extravagant parts of herself in the women in washington d.c. at the time and you can see similarities betweensh her and n image between one of her images and idealized so-called new weaker women from 1904. in hairstyle drafts from the ideals we were a moment ago. i want to m

they were white as we saw with holland's photograph from the 1913 parade, they wore white at a lot of their parades for reasons, one, to emphasize their morality and virtue and suggest they were pure and connotations that white might have for us. the other reason they did it because they wanted to show up in black and white photographs, so in these black and white photographs of people marching in these streets, very, various gray toned backgrounds, they knew that women in white would show up better in black and white photographs and they knew that those black and white photographs when they were created to half tones and printed in newspapers, they would show up even better. even in the 21st century when we see these women in white house in congress, seated in congress at the state of the union or even in this photograph here, they do tend to stand out and that's one of the reasons why suffrageets and the images that they created is still part of our modern political culture and i'm actually going to go back a little bit further in the 18th century just to start us off and set us up

this is a group from the state of the union address all wearing white and they are wearing white to recall suffrage is in particular so a photograph from the 1913 parade they were white and a lot of them for two reasons. one was to emphasize their morality and all of the kind of connotations. the other reason they did it is because they wantedw to show up in black-and-white photographs. so people marching in the streets with very toned backgrounds they knew that they would show upan better in the black-and-white photographs and the black-and-white photographs when they had tones printed in newspaper it would show even better so even in the 21st century where we see these women in congress at the state of the union or even in this photograph here they do tend to stand out and that is one of the reasons why the suffragists chose white to begin with so in a lot of ways the emergency that the suffragists created into the 20th centuries is still part of our modern political culture. i'm going to go back a little bit further into the 18th century just to start us off and set us up for the visual

and it was a way of ensuring white supremacy and they made that argument. it never worked. every place white suffragists made that argument the legislatures were systematically disenfranchising black men with jim crow laws and that was working for them and they were not interesting to the black voter. white suffer just made that argument then there were less over, less openly racist limits of the movement in these come up again and again and i think as incentives is the insidious ones are the harder ones to combat. it's easy to say i'm not like kate gordon, i'm not saying women's suffrage equals white supremacy but let's learn from other examples too. this is a picture of the founding members, sorority founded at howard and they were founded in january of 1913 because these women felt the dominant authorities on campus were too social and they wanted to be more political and they wanted their first act to be to march in the 1930 suffrage parade and alice paul punted. he didn't even answer their letter at first, she just hemmed and hot and that wasn't like h

will become the northern part of the white sea-baltic waterway. fate went from the port of leningrad across the svir river to the northern exit from lake onega in the spring of 1930. in the spring of 1930, the ussr council of labor and defense prepared a memorandum on the construction of the white sea-baltic waterway; the project had seven military-strategic points and five economic channels was supposed to contribute to the development ore wealth of the murmansk region construction in the north timber transportation in the design really made a mistake; they incorrectly calculated the draft of large dry cargo ships, they were guided by the draft of the baltic sea. it is still salty, when the calculations were made it turned out that 535 million rubles would have to be spent. this amount was unrealistic; it was necessary to reduce the cost of construction; they intervened with military sailors as part of the baltic fleet. there were then no heavy ships with a large draft. they could all pass through such a channel, especially if they decided to dis

rubenstein national center for white house history of the white house historical association. dr. colleen shogan is a trained trained political science with a ph.d. in american politics from yale university as well as a bachelor's degree in p politil science from boston college. she has almost 15 years of service in the federal government including prominent roles at the t u.s. senate as ws the library of congress. dr. shogan teaches government students at georgetown university that serves as vice chair of the women's suffrage centennial division and another feather in our is that she currently serves as the cochair of the board of directors of the women's suffrage national monumentnt designated by congres to build the first memorial in d.c. dedicated to the history of the movement for women's equality. the huge deal. [applause] we have a elaine rice bachman who is the state archivist of maryland and the co-author of a wonderful book designing camelot published by the white house historical association and in practice it was launched in this very room on july 28 which happened at

the white is a very real one. this is reflected by the fact that lawmakers themselves have given some thought as to what they would do. were they to become acting president. question for the public to consider is does having lawmakers in the line of succession manifest most sensual sensible approach for addressing executive succession inability? now, let me turn matters over to dr. fence. thank you so much reb and a real big. thanks to dean ferrick and john rogan for having me on the panel as a physician. i feel a little bit out of place, but i really am honored to be with you and as a position, we don't go anywhere without our slides so i'm gonna share some slides because my verbal abilities are not as keen as my lawyer friends my legal colleagues, so i'm gonna talk about the carl albert experience and and bipartisanship and the dual vacancies that happened during the watergate era and i think it it's relevant and a lot of interesting primary sources. i'll share that i think speak to the issues that we've already

where black folks moved into previously white neighborhoods. he also defended smflt most high profile cases in the nation including the case of mcdamage actor who won the oscar for gone with the wind. so he would be a part of the story. now for the story of odeay short. odeay short -- was a refrigeration engineer who had lived and worked in los angeles for 25 years. by 1945, now many black angelenos he was frustrated by wartime housing shortages. he was a father of young children and there you see his daughter ann s and his son dairy and wife helen and they were feeling squeezed out of the desirable neighborhoods in los angeles by the restricted housing. and restricted covenants. so lauren miller estimated that about 8 0% of southern california housing were tied in restricted housing and restricted covenant theme so short that year, that lucky break and got a job at the kaiser steel plant with a picture of them inside the plant 1929. now, many of you have heard of kaiser surely kaiser permanente right and health clinic. kaiser is in montana was

and that order and are white. and so it pulls people into a kind of white supremacist vision. and and the jury's, i think the fact that juries then are white but black people are not allowed have juries of their own peers is very important for understanding the rise of lynching and these other things because lynching becomes a kind of extralegal justice. but this presumption is that justice is primarily a white phenomenon. well, thank you all so much for joining us. thank you again to our panel fitzhugh brundage, jon sensbach and scott nelson the book is a new history of the american south. i hope that you will read it. i hope that you will get a lot out of it. i know that i did. so thank you very much. and thank you to the audience for being here. atlanta history center tonight and. we will see you all again very soon. i have to give.

racism doesn't just rely on the white man, it is on both sides. back in white. -- black and white.e need to come together and keep this mess off the television and talk in privacy with certain things. the government should do the same thing because our world is in mayhem. host: on to sydney in galveston, texas. caller: high -- high there --hi, there. no. there are many white people who want to do right but if i said there were 10,000 snakes heading towards a bar in 10,000 of those nights, one or two of them were going to kill me, only just two of them, why should i let those 10,000 snakes come to the barn if i know two of them are -- that is how i feel. there are racist white people in here in a day -- in this world. article 13 has more of a legacy then you know. he was a socialist if you did not know that. he died in prison at the hands of the fbi. you have to understand that we have -- host: what did you say, martin luther king died -- what did you say? caller: he died in prison at the hands of the fbi. host: he was assassinated in white and -- in memphis in next to 68. caller: a

the only reason that we do not do that is because there are white people, and white people are stillajority. or in some states, the plurality in this country. that is the only reason. until we are honest about why we are not doing this, we don't need to dance around whether or not it is a partisan issue, polling issues, concerns. no. the only reason that we are not doing this is because these are white people, and white people are still the majority of this country, and a lot of white people do not want the association but there is a problem in the community, and it needs to be sorted out. it has nothing to do with most white people. the vast majority is any group of people, racial, ethnic, religious, are not committing violent crime, and they're not committing hate crimes. it's not about all of anyone. there is a problem in the data, in the community, and we have to be upfront about where the problem is, and how we do that, how we deal with that to stop pulling our punches about it. >> well said. >> melissa and charles, stick around. much more to discuss. ahead, the women. the black

the boer in the song are white south african farmers. we call them white people. here are examples. he's talking about killing white people. i if i were tommy would be canceling that gig in asap. i tanked when i said it as one lucky guy outnumbered but he did a machine gun sound so you don't think he meant kill them with kindness and here is south african elon musk tweeting about it. then he asked the president, why do you say nothing? but then malima shot back. >> i would sing this song as in when i feel like. it's not my song. it's a struggle song. why am i saying anything to elon musk? he looks like ill literate. the only thing protecting him is white skin. >> that's what you should say. musk's white skin protect him. from what? not u.v. rays. you just got done talking about talking about killing whites so i think he means bullets. kill the boer is an example of figure thattive, these wool thongs are killing me of course when elon musk says something liberals must oppose it. so, malima is getting help from american journalists who hate white people almost as much as he does. most

he apologizes white donors. the other most important classical music critic in the country, anthony tommasini of the new york times, has called for making an orchestral auditions. color so that musicians can be hired. the basis of race currently. they often start for several levels behind a screen so that the auditioners do not know the identity of of the performer. and as with all things in our disparate, impact obsessed world today, we have now decided that mechanisms that are inherently colorblind are racist. and so this applies to the audition screen. it applies to red light cameras a red light camera does not know whose driving the car. but if red light cameras show us that in certain blacks are running red lights or speeding at higher rates, then the camera is racist and will be thrown out. that is going on across the country. so you have museums now erecting wall labels that teach their viewers to see the great baroque masterpiece of the dutch golden age, the still lifes of translucent and lemons and silv

white man and a man as well but a lot of white men were wiped out by the war itself so there all these unattached women black and white women and these will be the hands at the cotton mills so rather than just growing cotton people see industrialization and urbanization and industrialization and carbonation of the south is not what we see here. it's not these 20 story buildings. it's taking cotton and turning it into cloth and taking timber in turning it into -- and tobacco turning into and sinking the raw materials one step up and that's what the south is thats when we talk about urbanization places like atlanta we are talking about taking those raw materials and doing one more thing with them. >> absolutely. i want to go back a little bit before the civil war because i want to touch on where you left off in such a large time. max so during this time the way that africans and african-americans andd white people were related to one another i don't want to leave out the native american piece of you talked about how the population is rapidly declining in the war is a huge factor that is

but white women, white men falling love those are what a lot of those stories are about. overcoming rejection, overcoming obstacles, overcoming blah, blah. so most of our movies, the eighties, are dealing white folks falling in love. i think for just a couple seconds, about how we people of color african american people appear in those give it just a little bit of consideration. we are more often not marginal or tend general. we are someone in that story. right. so when we make it to august wilson, we have an instance of so the things that are motivating are his desire to move people from the margins to the center and say, what's true about us, what matters to us? what's happening in our lives? because when we're just on the margins what we have to say is maybe not it's not part of the main story. and so it becomes this caricature here where we're saying the funny lines. like i said, we've got prior to this. we've got george jefferson who appear, who began as a marginal character in the it's not called the archie bunker show, but it was archie bunker. and then we've got g