so the republicans say we're going to have a white southern vote. and that's when everything shifted, right. i really feel like the black folks don't have anyone fighting for them in politics. i. oh, when martin luther king junior was murdered, it was an uproar across the world. right. it were riots all over this country. i own people really care. just like when george boys with george, george closed his regular do. he was no freedom fighter. use no angel that god sent down to give us the right to vote, just regular to. but to way the sheet she was killed. it jolted everybody into action. ah . so we look back at the protest bird by the black lives matter movement and we see this is attorney point in american democracy and in democracy more general with was the death of george lloyd alone, whose back spark the math approach has been that we saw in united states in 2020, it was bad death on top of a long term process of disenfranchisement and disillusionment on the part of the african american and other citizens that really odd that with what i think

. ♪♪ >> white southerners are going to need to process what the meaning of that whole collapse of their really is. and their explanation of their defeat becomes a narrative. it becomes a memory. it becomes the lost cause tradition. and the lost cause tradition was this argument that the confederacy had really fought for noble aims. the war wasn't really entirely about slavery it. was about defending their homelands, their families, their women. slavery was not the great issue. if left to them, they would have handled slavery over time and maybe even gotten rid of it themselves, they said, which is nonsense. there were alternative textbooks eventually published in the south. it wasn't just the textbooks they were trying to control. it was the stories that were being widely told in the public arena, and they had a tremendous influence. so what does it say about the americans in the civil war is who gets to control the narrative, this story. who gets to control the narrative, this story. is the planning effect. this is how it feels to have a dedicated fidelity advisor looking at your full

simply by being a white southerner there were benefits in terms of the system and in arlington when hemarries into the cusp of his property at arlington there's two other customers properties along the river and all told there's something like 190 slaves who are part of those properties. robert lee benefits from that. when he marries into that he and ifit's . he has a valley who is one of the slaves. his wife has a slave who will wait on her and theywill assist with the children . they go on vacation the slaves go with them. so lee certainly benefits from the slave system even if m. he doesn't himself have personal title to large numbers of slaves which he doesn't. but the kindest thing is he says nothing about slavery foryears and years , not until the 1850s when slavery is becoming a crisis issue in american politics. and it's interesting that he talks about it at all because lee had learned early in his political or military career not to talk about politics. soldiers who talked about politics or got mixed up in politics usually suffered for it. he saw that happen in the case of his

reconstruction was a failure, it was corrupt and the heroes of the period were the redeemers, the people, white southerners who basically drove the black and white republicans out of the statehouses and, quote, redeemed the governments of their states from this corruption. it just wasn't true. it was the way historians saw things for a century and by the 1960s historians were again asking different questions, in some cases looking at evidence but had not been looked at before. the dunning school was the equivalent, or the follow-up to one what might call the phillips school of slavery, phillips, who taught at a school in the north, and ivy league school argued that slavery was a school, that was the metaphor he used and the children were let out too early, emancipation was premature, enslaved african americans were not ready for freedom. dunning follows that with an argument that these people who were not ready for freedom were easily manipulated by white northerners, yankees, and other african americans who instituted terribly corrupt governments that did great harm but again it was seen, freed people as

this is why t folks would say that using bill players book and white southerners understood and i amaccounts and i don't know. but the more i dig into these letters, i don't know. i'm almost to the point now they did not necessarily like the draft. but they don't seem upset about it as the documents i had read earlier and those that made it seem like with a wealth of documents it's almost as though people want exemptions but it's almost as though they understand this is part of what is happening. so you just have to do it againer the upper south is different and the deep south you cannot do the generalities. but i wish they would. is an important part of understanding it's important part of understanding how were wars are lost. owe trained forces to win more than they have to stay in occupied. that is not what we do. so with reconstruction you can understand the leg 81 —- those legacies that some hoped. >> . >> . >> and with those occupation troops. and those that were used not only because a sign that for three years andik had to stay, but they liked it. they like to being occupying

then you go on a little later on, blackness, white southern heritage, abolitionist disruptor spirit plays a major role in how i see the world and how the world sees me. perhaps through that lens might share with your thoughts for woke leadership so we can learn something about you in your journey. >> thank you, i appreciate that question and i appreciate the opportunity to be here with priscilla and steve. so great. priscilla, thank you for that background on the term woke, i was not aware there is such a long history of outward being used. i think it became relevant to me around 2016 when i listened to a song called redbone by gambino international he says again and again stay woke, stay woke i like the fact that you've taken that term and expanded on. [inaudible] [inaudible] we had this really nice garden about an acre of land across from where my house was. my daddy was so proud of that particular party and he would grow wings and okra and beans and whenever we went out to the garden we had a bucket of cucumbers, there's half a bucket for us and another half bucket that could be left o

the period were really what were called the redo you remembers, the people -- redeemers, the white southerners who basically drove black and white republicans out of the statehouses, had, quote, redeemed the governments of their states from this corruption. it just wasn't true. it was the way historians saw things for a century -- >> yeah. >> and by the 1960s, historians were again asking different questions. in some cases, looking at evidence that had not been looked at before. the dunning school was the equivalent in some ways or the follow-up to what was what one might call the phillips school of slavery are offul phillips, also who taught at a school in the north, an ivy legal school, argued that slavery was a school -- that was the metaphor that he used -- and that the children were let out too early. in other words, that emancipation was premature, that enslaved african-americans were not ready for freedom. dunning then follows that up with an argument that these people who were not ready for freedom were easily manipulated by white northerners, by yankees and other african-americans who

that doesn't mean that he did benefit from slavery as a system, simply by being a white seventh southerner there were benefits. even more so at arlington, when he marries into the customs property at arlington. but there's also two other properties along the river. all told there is something like 190 slaves who are part of those properties. and robert lee benefits from that. when he marry so that he benefits from their work, their labor. he has a family who is one of the custis slaves. hurries wife has slaves who will wait on her. and they will assist with the children. they go on vacation. so, lee certainly benefits from the slave system even if he doesn't himself have personal title to large numbers of slaves. he doesn't. the curious thing is he really says nothing about slavery for years and years and years. not until the 18 fifties when slavery is becoming a crisis issue in american politics. and it's issuing to interesting that he talks about it at all because li had learned very early in his political career, military career, not to talk about politics. soldiers who talked about pol

they needed more white, southern men who didn't go to college and now we have a jury that sounds likelial-white jury in the case involving white men who lynched a black person. >> the actual case, the facts of the case, there are not many of them that are in dispute largely because a lot of it was captured on video by one of the men who was charged, but the story, the narrative is one of those situations that reminds me of george floyd. we all saw the video and yet the defense created an alternate narrative. it didn't work in the case of george floyd, but in this particular case these guys are making some kind of we were in danger by ahmaud arbery after we chased him down and held him for, you know, the police to come. >> in their opening statement the prosecutors precedented the defendants as trigger-happy vigilantes. they hunted mr. arbery down and killed him based on bad assumptions that he was a burglar and then prosecutors say the defendants acted as judge, jury and executioner, but you're totally right. the defense has a whole different version of that narrative. they say that u

you can't, ands is why the social say that using bill blair's burke in her book and that the white southerners really kind of understood the draft. and i'm looking at some of the accounts that i've been reading in mississippi and unlike these are understanding but the moral of these letters, i don't know, i'm almost at the point now they didn't necessarily like the draft but they don't seem as upset about it is the document that i had read earlier than historians and scholars in a foldout the made to seem like with a wealth of the documents, it's almost as though people like it, they want exemptions but it's almost as though they understand this is kind of part of this happening. you just have to dig into the space in the upper south us out different from the deep south and you just can't do these generalities, not everybody has to go all the way through it reconstruction. but it was haywood because is an important part of understanding not only how is an important part of understanding how wars are lost i think we trained military forces to the window wars and then they have to state occupyin

southerners who starts to take steps about emancipating slaves will mind himself cornered by other white southerners who will threaten him. robert e. lee is the executor of the will. by december of 1862, robert e. lee is robert e. lee. he's not just the son-in-law of george washington. if robert e. lee had gone into any virginia confederate court and said i don't want to go through with this, i shoints have to go through it. i doubt whether any virginia court would have stopped him. if he wanted to derail the whole process, who was going to stand in the path of general lee? lee persists in moving forward. emancipates the one slaifr maem if his own name which he was not obliged by the estate to emancipate. he's advocating the recruitment of slaves for the confederate army. on both terms, it's easy to say that while he was doing this out of pragmatic reasons, not because he felt any kind of moral urgency. i'm sure there was a pragmatic motive at work in lee's thinking that way. after the war is over, he makes no effort to promote construction. he has no interest in seeing black people have vote and se

defense team that complained that the jury pool didn't contain enough bubbas who they defined as white southern who didn't go to college. it's clear the defense is playing every race card they can. >> paul, let's talk about some of the testimony we've heard so far. on thursday we saw the footage of arbery in a house under construction. in a testimony from the man who owned that home, he said various people had been seen on camera walking around the site several times. he said arbery never stole anything. how do you think this particular testimony affects the defense's case? >> well, i think it harms the defense case. they have to essentially put this black man who is the victim on trial to make it sound like he had it coming when they hunted him down and shot him. and they're saying that they suspected he was a burglar, that house that he is accused of burglarizing by these people never actually experienced any burglaries. outside there was a boat yard that had issues, but even though homeowner says that he thinks if mr. arbery was going in there, it was most likely because there was water. he

starts to take steps about emancipating slaves, immediately will find himself cornered by other white southernerso will threaten him. what is interesting is in 1857 lee's father-in-law dies, it's a mess. part of the will provides for the emancipation of the slaves within five years. robert e lee as executive of the will and he undertakes the process of emancipating the slaves, a process which he concludes on schedule and december 1862. two things to notice about this. one is, by december 1862, robert e lee is robert e lee. he's not just the son-in-law of george washington, robert e lee had gone to any confederate court said i don't want to go through with this, i shouldn't have to go through with this, i seriously doubt whether any bridging effect confederate court would have stopped him. if he wanted to derail the whole process, who would stand up impact of general we? the other interesting thing is that lee persists moving forward with the emancipation. not only emancipate slaves but a slave family he did in his own name which he was not obliged by the custis estate for emancipating. we can hav

and a lot of angry white supremacist southern who hated important. but at that moment that's an incredible moment of power in somebody saying i'm going for it. >> what is the presidency four. >> words to live by. it is interesting what do you say. with their all interviewed at home with covid you can see the bookshelves. in especially for senate and you can see no and if it's been cut or proms or something like that. in that particular case. one of the questions we had, we had so many. there's so many good ones we could go on for another hour in one of the things that is interesting to make a rhetorical question. it's whether, let me get a straight exactly can change because of the pandemic. >> i'm totally comfortable playing favorites. >> they convinced me of being a new yorker everyday. our reading has changed i think that we got to klonopin twitter and the discoursing was all jacked up and at a certain point we needed to get down and read a book and we needed the comfort of 300 pages. i just think that we needed that. i just think we need a remind

the coalition of big city machines, organized labor, southern whites, liberals and minorities, catholics, jews and blacks. the constructed by part is an ship over the three national radio networks, that generated the greatest number of lauditory telegrams received by a defeated candidate, it was a powerful party he stipulated. let us not, therefore, fall into the partisan error of opposing things just for the sake of opposition. wilkins opposition speech would set the bar who are constructeded by part is anship until this party's virtual verification of the principal and the obama presidency. on the moment of january 22nd, 1941, the gop's leader lifted off from laguardia in a vote to take the pulse of british endurance in the lane of fire. it was a uniquely horrifying willky to compound congressional isolationism and restricted -- and restricts neutrality. his dramatic return to argue for unleash four of the senate foreign affairs committee altered public opinion if not the votes of his own congressional republicans. but willky as presumptive head of the gop came mothballed destroyers fo

on february 23rd, 2020, arbery was running through a predominantly white neighborhood in southern georgiahen someone called 911 around 1:00 p.m. >> there's a guy in the house, right now, it's a house under construction. >> someone's breaking into it? >> no, it's open, it's under construction. >> reporter: surveillance video from the site shows arbery walking through, but he wasn't breaking the law. the homeowner told abc news nothing was missing or stolen. and that he never reported any burglaries. at second 911 call was made by travis mcmichael's father, gregory. >> i don't know what street we're on. stop! [ bleep ], stop! >> reporter: a short time later this video taken by defendant bryan shows arbery running, veering around a pickup truck, then struggling with travis, who's armed with a shotgun. arbery was not armed. travis mcmichael shot ahmaud arbery three times. arbery's death wouldn't make national headlines until three months after he was killed. once that graphic cell phone video surfaced online. >> no justice, no peace! >> reporter: the killing viewed by many as a modern-day lyn

opposed to republican regulations and brings those together with the southern democrats, the southern whitecists who were against the idea of desegregation and he marries them in a new coalition that is going to take over the party. >> the fascists that barry goldwater inspired were explained perfectly by gary butler jr., the founder of modern conservative tix. he wrote, a conservative is someone who stands athwart history yelling stop. indeed the right would shout stop over and over again in the coming decades. those shouts echoed through the 1960s as america exploded. cities were racked by rioting over civil rights and police shootings. >> don't bow down anymore? hold your heads up! >> thousands were dyeing in the jungles of vietnam. anti-war protests filled the streets. enter presidential candidate richard nixon. he knew exactly how terrifying 1968 was to the right wing base. >> the wave of crime is not going to be the wave of future in america. >> fear, fear, fear. >> nixon used what was called the southern strategy. build a base by attracting more white support in the south with subtle

the democratic victory consolidated the new deal coalition of existing machines organized labor southern whites liberals and minorities catholics jewish and black. on armistice day and november november 111940 at the feet of willkie delivered a pile on constructed bipartisanship over the three national radio networks that generated the greatest of auditory telegrams received by a single candidate. this is a powerful party he stipulated. let us not fall into the partisan error of the posting things just for the sake of opposition. willkie's loyal opposition speech was constructive bipartisanship and tell his parties virtual notification of principle of the obama presidency. on the morning of january 22, 1941 the gop lifted off from laguardia in a pan am flying boat to take the pulse in the rain of fire. it was a uniquely qualifying willkie because congressional isolationism under scripps neutrality. he returned to argue before the senate foreign affairs committee altered public opinion if not the votes of his own professional republicans. but willkie presumptive is the gop during peacetime selec

jumped up after you heard the first guilty and i'm siting there and looking at these faces of white southernersthat's my verdict. and you could not have sat in that courtroom between two parents who were not protesters or public officials who just lost their son watching people defy some of the defense attorneys was hoping do and at least one of them hang the jury, they're holding onto their faith and listening to these young people and middle age people, yes, i am saying they're guilty. that was as very, very momentous occasions. you are guilty and you will hold accountable. >> i was moved by the words of ahmaud's family who said in the simplest of terms, i don't want any family to have to go through something like this. he really understood the broad message of the day. mara. >> rev, i am so glad to see you. it's nice to see you here. it's a remarkable verdict as you pointed out. what do you take away from this, are we going to see a shift in strategy? what works here moving forward that you may take to other cases that you are often involved in these high profile cases. was there something d

whites? it was a black majority city at the time when all major southern cities had white majorities. second, wilmington was a bold experiment in multi-racial government 30 years after the civil war. black men served in position of the authority. ten of wilmington's 26 police officer were black. the county treasurer, the jailer and the coroner were black. so were many magistrates. they actually preside over cases involving white defendants. there was a thriving black middle class of doctors, lawyers and teachers. the federal customs collector was a black man who earned more than the white governor. this was intolerable to white supremacists. they vowed to overthrow negro rule and negro domination by the ballot. they had a name for their effort. they called it the white supremacy campaign. they issued a booklet. here is one quote that's quite clear about white intentions that summer. this is a white man's country and white men must govern, must control and govern it. the book that was called the democratic handbook and you have to remember that in 1898, democrats were the party of whit

also, how am i supposed to trust a southern white man that don't want the lord in the room!ht, i don't get it. >> it would be different if jesse jackson was in there taking up a collection for a building fund. so, they're not taking up a collection. it's not like they're in there preaching. >> you're saying it could have been worse. >> it could have been way worse. they could have brought a choir. i'm bringing in a whole choir and a tambourine, "they're guilty! they're guilty that's what i'm doing. bring a choir in and say, george tell your neighbor-- neighbor. this man is guilty-- yeah! i would start a sermon every time i walked in the place. they're sitting there being quiet. it's a-- he said it's a public gallery. >> trevor: yes. >> they are the public. anybody can show up. you can go! and, finally, yesterday afternoon, president biden held a ceremony on the white house lawn, along with democrats and republicans from congress. and they were doing this to finally sign his big infrastructure bill. and, guys, why do they have to sign the bill in public? i mean, i know this i

whites. first, it was a black majority city at a time when almost all major southern cities have white majorities. second, wilmington was an outlier, a bold experiment in multiracial government, 30 years after the civil war, black men served in positions of authority. 10 of 26 police officers were black men, the county treasurer and jailer were black men, and so were magistrates, and they presided over cases of white defendants, and there was a thriving middle class with doctors, lawyers and teachers. the federal customs collector was a black man who earned more than the white governor. this was intolerable to white supremacists. they vowed to overthrow negro rule and quote negro domination by the ballot or bullet or both. they had a name for their efforts. they proudly called it the white supremacy campaign, issued a book for white supremacy, and black inferiority. here's one quote for the handbook that's clear about white intentions. quote this is a white man's country, and white men must control and govern it. the book was called the democratic handbook, and you have to remember in 1898, democ

yeah, but of course, this is the same defense attorney who complained that there weren't enough southern whitee attend a public trial? it's hard to say whether that's more racist or more unconstitutional. at this point his comments are getting so inflammatory, i think he's trying to provoke a mistrial and the judge should not let him get away with this. >> how does that help the cause of the defendants to provoke a mistrial so that they can do this again and get the jury that they really want? >> these are the tactics of a desperate lawyer who can't fight his case based on the merit. i can't imagine he's got to get a better jury in a county that is one-quarter african-american 11 out of 12 jurors are white. >> let me ask you about the racial context in this trial. the defense attorneys are working very hard to illustrate the idea that race should have nothing to do with this, that ahmaud arbery was a guy, snooping around stealing things from a home under construction. no one had any evidence of that whatsoever. the 911 calls and all of it seems to suggest we have an intruder in the neighborhoo

is al jazeera life and also coming up us president joe biden, hosts his northern and southern neighbors at the white house. it's the 1st summit between north american leaders in years assessing the damage, severe flooding on land slides, lays waste to homes, roads, and bridges in western canada. and as another wave of corona, virus infections sweeps.

white supremacy. it is honor for us to have the book here at the southern festival and david won pulitzer prize for 2021 for nonfiction for this book. it is a very important book and i hope if you haven't read it, you will certainly be inspired to read it after our session today. david zucchino is a contributing writer to "the new york times" and most recent articles are about the war in afghanistan, the withdrawal and the overall condition of the country there. he did win a for pulitzer in south africa and he's been nominated for journalism four different times in addition to that. so without further due i want to introduce you to our author david zucchino? >> thank you, carole, wonderful to be here. i'm going to talk to maybe 10 or 15 minutes and give you sort of an overview of the book and what it's about and just sort of ground you and i think we will go to some questions from carole and then hopefully questions from you in the audience. so i'd like to begin today to talk about a event event from 123 years ago that still reverberates in some of the racism, carried out the only armed overthrow of an

his excuse was that, you know, this is a place where it's kind of a finishing school for southern white gentlemen, and you're probably not going to like it here. well, he could have said the same thing to a jewish and catholic faculty and chose not to. and why is that? why does that racial otherness or that particular kind of racial otherness pose such a greater barrier than some others. another question that i've tried to kind of glean from the chat and kind of build into a bigger meatball of a question, i guess, is was wilson's domestic legacy, you know, valuable enough to commemorate despite all of these other sins? you know, what is it that after your careful study that you and your staff and your advisers internal, external, official, unofficial have found really are remains worth let's say commemorating as at least potentially very valuable and inspiring and at the very least extraordinarily consequential in terms of the, either the american political development or international affairs, and maybe we can start with whoever wants to answer first. >> i can start. i have -- we just

still to come this hour, at least three crises engulfing the white house it either created or worsened, afghanistan, the southernder and now inflation rocketing higher undercutting the president's messages that he has made life better for americans. he blames americans buying more stuff, blames covid stimulus checks his white house cave out. up next gop strategist ford o'connell on this hot debate the durham indictment raising new questions. is the clinton operative behind trump russia ready to flip for the feds, maybe on clinton campaign staffers? we take it on next. stay right there. ♪ (man) still asleep. (woman vo) so, where to next? (vo) reflect on the past, celebrate the future. season's greetings from audi. derriere discomfort. we try to soothe it with this. cool it with this. and relieve it with this. but new preparation h soothing relief spray is the 21st century way to do all three. even touch free. preparation h. get comfortable with it. bogeys on your six, limu. they need customized car insurance from liberty mutual so they only pay for what they need. woooooooooooooo... we are not getting you a helic