when you talk with wilbur cohen and bob meyers, they said they did not have a scientific study. they thought 65 was about right. that is not an argument for raising it. that is an interesting artifacts. the age 62 retirement provision started with women in 1956. women's organizations, women's clubs advocated for an earlier retirement age for women. the reason was the theory of that time was that women tended to be three years younger than their spouses. in 1961 in the midst of a very significant recession, we had the kennedy administration proposing reducing the retirement age for men. you had congressman charles vanick standing up saying if 2 million older workers retire because of this provision, that is 2 million more jobs for younger workers. there is this kind of interaction between employment policy. somewhere in the mid-1970's, juanita krebs, a distinguished economist and a former provost or presidents of the university of north carolina and later was secretary of commerce, she came up with the notion of raising the retirement age. it was the first time it was really put