that's also a william bryan who is aboard the ship, but we don't know that that's our william bryan. if that was william bryan,he was a very healthy man. he was take ton the assistant surgeon for a throat infection and for boils. other than that, he was well and hardy. we see on march 6th of 1856, in the medical journal, robert williams was treated for exhaustion or dehydration. we see he was treated again -- we have a robert williams who was 26 years old and born in wales and if you go to the previous slide, he was 27. so his age bounces around considerably. in hong kong, he was treated for lymphositis, soreness. on november 2nd of 1857, we see rheumatismis in the calf of the leg. we know that he had arthritis. on march 30th, 1857, he is noted as being 36 years old. there was no other robert williams on this ship, much less a fireman born in wales. it's tempting to think that the man was in so much maine pain that he would have shouted out his true, correct age. it's a little too much speculation, interesting, though. finally after reports of flu, he had abscesses in the groin area.

it is this -- it is from bryan's friend right after bryan loses to william mckinley. owe writes of bryan on the night of the election, it's a terrible thing to look upon a strong man in the pride of youth and see him gather up in his hands the ashes of great ambition. we're going to take a break. but when we come back, i want to talk about how these losing candidates actually gather up these ashes of great ambition and often manage to make something of it. we'll be right back after this. i love that my daughter's part fish. but when she got asthma, all i could do was worry ! specialists, lots of doctors, lots of advice... and my hands were full. i couldn't sort through it all. with unitedhealthcare, it's different. we have access to great specialists, and our pediatrician gets all the information. everyone works as a team. and i only need to talk to one person about her care. we're more than 78,000 people looking out for 70 million americans. that's health in numbers. unitedhealthcare. i get congested. but now, with zyrtec-d®, i have the proven allergy relief of zyrtec

i teach courses on american politics because i wrote a biography of william jennings bryan who was a clip and a devout liberal, or progressive as he called himself. so i like to teach courses about things i have either written about or am in the process of writing about. so -- i teach graduate course on social history and social movement. >> host: why are you no longer a revolutionary, as you said? >> guest: i realize there are lot of things in america i wanted to conserve. it didn't make me a conservative but i was angry at the people who ran the society. and because of the war in vietnam primarily and because of race -- racism also. we are a democracy. we are country where people believe in individual rights. in part because of the things the left has done, pushed the envelope for individual rights forward. is a mentioned before. women's rights, black rights, labor rights. i began to think that it made more sense, both morally and practice particularly to try to dd practice particularly to try to get change within the system. social movements matter. you have to push on democrats,

mencken, jack london, george santana, khalil lebron, william jennings bryan, clarence darrow, lionel shelling, judith butler, and harold limb. some were enlivened by his writings and others were mortified by his writings, none were in different to the implication of his philosophy for the promise of american life. today i want to look at a different kind of reader. i want to look at a different source. i am going to look at the fan letters written by nietzsche's american readers and sent to the archive in germany. i do so not only because of access to the intellectual world of average americans, often lost by intellectual historians but they signal how and why his philosophy and image of the suffering mad genius became so instrumental in american life. we see how americans press nietzsche into service using him to criticize the shortcomings of american democracy. immoral timidity of their priests and the hollow promise of enchantment by a secular pop culture. of value of these letters as historical documents, historical sources, it seems to me is not their philosophical value. to say

the trains like a chairman can come emma goldman, walter lippmann, william jennings bryan, clarence darrow, thomas, lionel trilling, newton, to the butler, cornell west and harold bloom. while some were enlivened by his writings and others were mortified by his writings, none were indifferent to the implication of the philosophy for the promise of american life and yet today however i wanted to get a different kind of reader. i want to look at a very different kind of source and i'm going to look at the fan letters that were written by the american readers and sent to the archive in germany. i do so not only because they give us access to the intellectual world of, quote on "average americans often overlooked by intellectual historians, but because the signal how inline the philosophy and his image of the suffering larboard mad genius became so instrumental in american intellectual life. we see how americans press neitzsche to service using him to criticize the shortcomings of american democracy, the morrill committee of the priest and the promises of enchantment by the secular pop culture

mencken, emma goldman, walter whitman, khalil yes baron, william jennings bryan, lionel trilling, huey p. newton, jude at this time butler, harold west. while some were enlightened by his writings and others mortified, none were indifferent to the implication of his philosophy for the promise of american life. and be yet today, however, i want to look at a different kind of reader. i want to look at a very different kind of source, and namely i'm going to look at the fan letters that were written by nietzsche's american readers and sent to the nietzsche archive in germany. i do so not only because they give us access to the intellectual world of, quote-unquote, average americans often lost or at least overlooked by intellectual historians, but because they signal how and why nietzsche's philosophy and his image of the suffering, martyred mad genius became some instrumental in american intellectual life. we see how americans press nietzsche into service using him to criticize the shortcomings of american democracy, the moral timidity of their priests and the hollow promises of enchantme

there's a famous figure with a good public speaker, william jennings bryan, three time democratic candidate for president. in the latter part of the nineteenth century there was a shortage of gold relative to economic growth and since there wasn't enough gold the money supply was shrinking relative to the economy, the u.s. economy was experiencing a deflationary. prices were gradually falling over this period. this caused some problems and the people who were most concerned about it work farmers andere farmers and other agricultural related occupations. have a mortgage that caused fixed payment of $20 a month that amount of money have to pay is fixed but how do you paid that? pay and by growing your crops and selling the crops that market. if you have a deflationary going on that means the prices of your corner or cotton for gra or cot falling over time. deflationary cause of pressure on farmers as the prices were going down and as their debt payments remained unchanged. and so farmers were squeezed by this decline in crop prices and they recognized this deflationary was not an accident and

william jennings bryan ran for president with his principal plank in his platform to modify the golduld be more money in circulation and more inflation. he spoke about this in the usual very eloquent way of 19th century orators. he said, we shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns. should not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold. the gold standard is killing the honest hard-working farmers who are trying to make their payments to the banks and find the price of their crops going down over time. the gold standard also created problems and again as a motivation for the founding of the federal reserve. in 1913, congress passed the federal reserve act which established the federal reserve which opened in 1914. there is a picture of president will put -- woodrow wilson signing the federal reserve act in 1913. president wilson viewed this as his primary most important domestic accomplishment. domestic accomplishment. and again, why did they want a federal bank? it was to serve as a lender of last resort and tried to mitigate the panic that banks are experiencing eve