in 1912, the president william howard taft, a republican, appointed her as chief of the new u.s. children's bureau. the following year his successor, democrat woodrow wilson, reappointed lathrop to post, as did successor in 1921, republican warren g. harding. i have the special fondness for julia lathrop in part because her family home is in the very neighborhood in which i have lived now for the last 22 years. churchill's grove in roquefort, illinois. her former residence stands three short blocks from my own home. three blocks in the other direction can be found her grave in greenwood cemetery. the daughter of a republican congressman from northern illinois, ms. lathrop began her work in the 1880s in chicago, alongside another former ro rockford residence. between 1880 and 1914, let us remember, an average of 1 million new immigrants arrived each year. relative to existing population, this migratory flow occurred at nearly three times the current rate. majorities of these newcomers neither spoke english nor practiced the protestant faith. many observers worried about the rise o

in this direction and during the 1912 campaign when he would engage the incumbent president william howard taft, the first presidential primary campaign, roosevelt defended a full-throated, pure democracy as he called it which included the court decision, easier method to amend the constitution and the opportunity for the people to recall all public official, including the president. as bill chambray pointed out, the staff for awider route for a constitutional sobriety combined with ruthless steamroller machine politics and the republican nomination and most likely a third term in the white house during which he would have enacted his constitutional program, but roosevelt's third-party crusade for the right of the people could be the ultimate makers of their constitution as he put it aroused considerable enthusiasm. he roused 30% of the vote and it is echoed throughout the 20th and 21st century. most of the aspirations that underlay that program have been firmly rooted in custom, an unwritten law that presidents derive their authority directly from the people, directly from public opinion, and

teddy roosevelt just challenged william howard taft to face him in primaries in 48 states., that same day was a new entry on the scene that would soon top the popularity polls. barry petersen now on the oreo at 100. ♪ happy birthday to you... >> reporter: age has not withered charm of this cookie, loved enough to have birthday fans in new york who gathered near where the first oreo was baked 100 years ago today. and a piece of oreo history is all on bill turnier's mind when he walks down the aisle. >> sometimes i tear up when i get down there and i remember him. he was a great dad. >> reporter: his father william turnier was nabisco's cookie designer in 1952. he did the last of five designs since its birth-- so popular it's the one we munch on to- this-day. did you guys get free oreos when you were a kid. >> no, we didn't! but dad used to be able to go in there in the old days and you could get a big, big bag for 25 cents of broken cookies of all different sorts and, wow, that was a treat for us. >> reporter: turnier used nabisco's and double cross, a symbol dating back to

that was the supreme court initial fate but william howard taft, the capstone after his presidency was becoming chief justice and he thought the court would benefit from the ability to create its own pocket and not take every case. under his leadership and urging congress passed the judges' bill because all of the judge's behind the effort to give the court discretion over its stock it. that is where we are today. we have a supreme court that is capable of and does said its own agenda to set the legal agenda for the country. it is a very powerful tool that members of the court have to project their own legal agenda onto the canvas of the country by means of the dock it. it is not health care. health care case, really the court did not have to much discretion to decide to resolve the dispute if congress has the authority under the commerce clause for the individual mandate because the lower court's laurentiis you. if you have a federal law and has been declared unconstitutional it is almost certain to be granted review even though as a technical matter it does not have to take it. it wo

william howard taft was president when you were born. >> that puts a lot of pressure on miller and medo well. congratulations, the night before we will be in indianapolis and on may 12, the show erupts in new york city at the town hall theater. we will give you guys a good show for your 50th anniversary. pinheads & patriots, most of us well understand the national media leans mainly to the left. but now "e! news" week isn't even trying to hide it anymore, as free of their editorial people dish about dick chaino camera. >> can you imagine being that organ donor? it's such a difficult decision to say, i want to give my body to someone else when i'm dead. i would never do t. i would say, give me my heart back. >> the ill will toward dick cheney getting a heart transplant is stunning. >> he may be one of the most evil people -- >> that's not true. >> isn't it? >> stalin? hitler. >> have you to go to dead people to find people who are more evil than dick cheney. >> come on, newsweek, how about a little objectivity? pinheads. that's it for us. check out the fox factor web site. name and tow

william howard taft was president when you were born. >> that puts a lot of pressure on miller and me congratulations, the night before we will be in indianapolis and on may 12, the show erupts in new york city at the town hall theater. we will give you guys a good show for your 50th anniversary. pinheads & patriots, most of us well understand the national media leans mainly to the left. but now "e! news" week isn't even trying to hide it anymore, as free of their editorial people dish about dick chaino camera. >> can you imagine being that organ donor? it's such a difficult decision to say, i want to give my body to someone else when i'm dead. i would never do t. i would say, give me my heart back. >> the ill will toward dick cheney getting a heart transplant is stunning. >> he may be one of the most evil people -- >> that's not true. >> isn't it? >> stalin? hitler. >> have you to go to dead people to find people who are more evil than dick cheney. >> come on, newsweek, how about a little objectivity? pinheads. that's it for us. check out the fox factor web site. name and town if you

hughes had been appointed to the court as an associate justice by president william howard taft. and, but he resigned in 1916 to become the republican candidate for president. and he ran against woodrow wilson. ran a dreadful campaign. he was the odds-on favorite, but he ultimately lost california by 4,000 votes and, therefore, the election. he went to bed the night of the election thinking that he had won. franklin roosevelt, who was a big wilson supporter, went to bed thinking that hughes had won. and then the next morning the returns from the midwest and particularly california came in, and it turned out that wilson won the, won the election just barely. roosevelt continued in, as assistant secretary of the navy, and then in 19 -- and hughes went back to private ration in new york city. roosevelt in 1920 became the vice presidential candidate of the democratic party running with governor james cox of ohio. they got trounced. by calvin coolidge and warren harding of the republican party. and at the same time after harding was elected, he appointed hughes secretary of state. one

and that was the supreme court's initial fate or so it seemed, but william howard taft, the capstone after his presidency was becoming chief justice of the united states, and he sized this up, and he thought the court would greatly benefit from the ability to write its own ticket, create its own docket, not have to take every case that came along. so under his leadership, his urging congress passed in 1929 what's known as the judges' bill because all the judges of the country got behind this effort and gave the court for the first time discretion over its docket. and so that's the place we are today. we have a supreme court that is capable of and does set its own agenda, and in doing that it really sets the legal agenda for the country. and when you think about it, that's really a very powerful tool that members of the court have especially if there's a majority of five of them in projecting their own legal agenda onto the canvas of the country by means of the court's docket. i mean, just one example. and it's not health care. the health care case, really the court i'd say didn't hav

it was opened in 1935 and envisioned by william howard taft. the court room was stored with red drapes and special columns made of marble imported from italy and spain. taft called for more than a new courtroom. outside the rooms added to help both the justices and attorneys prepare for oral arguments. >> the clerk of the courts comes in and they give practical pointers. if they try hard to put people at ease. it is a fun place to be before going into the courtroom. there is a lot of camaraderie. you get to meet your counsel. it is a family. a lot of nervous energy but it is friendly. >> it is designed to come to where they're doing arguments for the first time to make sure for it toot faux pas tell jokes during their oral arguments are not referred to their familiarity with one of the justices. they will survive the experience. did they will see it as a place for they can make their best place and the court will hear them. >> we want to hear them into that courtroom prepared and ready and both sides have an equal chance of winning the case. the

courts of error -- that was the supreme court's initial fate or so it seemed but william howard taft, the capstone after his presidency, he sized this up and he thought the court would benefit from the ability to create his own pocket and not have to take every case that came along. so under his leadership, his urging, congress passed in 1929 what was known as the judge's bill because all the judges of the country got behind this effort and gave the court for the first time discretion over its dockets. that is the place we are today. we have the supreme court that is capable of setting its own agenda. in doing that it sets the legal agenda for the country. >> you can watch this and other programs online at booktv.org. coming up next david campbell examines the current state of religious observance and interfaith relationships in the u.s.. the author focuses on reaction to public and -- republican presidential candidate mitt romney mormonism and his thoughts on what it says about religious tolerance today. mr. campbell takes audience questions for an hour and 20 minutes. >> thank you v

1912 when theodore roosevelt was running out of third-party ticket, the bull moose ticket and william howard taft was running and wilson was running what people came to woodrow -- to the roosevelt and said, we have letters between woodrow wilson and mary peck. if you publish and you will win. roosevelt said, no, that would be wrong. also, nobody would believe me. going to think the man is a romeo. he looks like the apothecaries' clerk. [laughter] >> great. okay. >> the feature running through each of your books. very active. in the case of wilson, jefferson , particularly jefferson's family, very effective. jefferson, family that surrounded him. is it just possible that they were so thoroughly in the nile that they justin recognize? >> you know, that is something that has been the lot of sleepless nights wondering about. in that thing that it's possible that in some cases you're able to convince yourself that what is right in front of your eyes is not true. if you are invested enough in the story. at the same time, the people you are looking at, who when they cut their head, the kid that is carry

william howard taft, richard nixon, john f. kennedy, george h. w. and john kerry, to name a few. what is it about this school of 1500 students that provides such a draw for our nation's most prominent political leaders? it is certainly not our rolling mountains or white sand beaches. [laughter] no, time and again we have the opportunity to host these events, and it speaks to something deeper. lawrence university is a place where education and civil discourse are of paramount importance. whether we agree with a candidate's views it or not, we will be ready to engage in honest and respectful discussion. our liberal arts education has taught us that in order to learn, we must ask questions and listen. today is not the first time, and likely will not be the last that a candidate or leader will choose lawrence as a place to discuss matters of great importance. it is nonetheless a tremendous honor to welcome the governor to our institution. i would like to invite our next speaker to the podium. a wisconsin native serving in his seventh congressional term,

william howard taft was appointed as chief justice in 1921. eight years after leaving office.etting the supreme court their own building. congrats to shelby from lexingt lexington, kentucky for tweeting me the right answer. >>> the supreme court has heard around 90 minutes of arguments this morning on health care. it's the challenge, the now two-year-old health care reform law. beyond the nuts and bolts, there's the politics of this thing. and that's fair game. joining me now, chris metsler, associate dean of georgetown university. and democratic strategist keith boykin. all right. guys, rick santorum is going to the steps of the supreme court in just about 30 minutes. barack obama is in south korea. let's talk about the opposite ends here, okay? what does that say to you, chris? >> well, i mean, that's the power of the presidency. you can be in south korea, when one of the most important issues is being discussed before the court. so, you know, that's fine. but as it relates to santorum, the problem here for santorum is, you know, he needs to get out and -- front and center o