white men like william lloyd garrison and benjamin lundy. his picture i showed you before, but most of these newspapers actually relied on black subscribers to make to make enough money to survive. and there were many black writers who contributed articles even to newspapers like the liberator. there were for the pioneering black woman abolition act. maria stewart she was a to the liberator as there were also african-american editors. so there were about 20 different black editors at newspapers in america, the civil war. and of course, that's one of these newspaper editors who's well known to us all today, kind the equivalent of william lloyd garrison among the african american editors. he's frederick douglass. interestingly, douglass, as you say in the quotation up here, he he's inspired in part by the example of william garrison and the liberator. so douglass is working slavery in many different kinds of ways he's he's published in his autobiography. he's giving these spellbinding lectures on the lecture circuit, trying to persuade norther

another one comes from william lloyd garrison son, george. george who is an officer with. the. 55th massachusetts, and he talks about tubman's role working in the refugee camps. so the port royal shakespeare amid the sea island cotton plantations. these are all in the rural areas of buford and in the sea islands. tubman going to be based downtown in buford. she's based the refugee camps. so if you can imagine that there were in the coastal areas those areas are occupied by the union. as you go into the interior and the rice plantations are in the interior that's that portion of the lowcountry if you will is still controlled by the confederates. okay. so people once the u.s. army occupies buford and people including the cumbie people who i've talked about are finding any possible to get to buford. if they're inland they're coming on foot. they're also there are lots rivers running through the area, including can be there were people making basket boats and floating in baskets. ten, 20, 30, 40 miles to get to buford. literally risking their lives, building rafts and floating

next to william lloyd garrison, editor of the liberator. frederick augustus bailey, washington. douglas was america's most famous abolitionist, born into slavery near easton, maryland, in february 1818. he escaped 20 years later and in 1845, published narrative of the life of frederick douglass. and he added, written by himself, he had to say that soon after its publication, he had to flee the country because his autobiography and abolition speeches made him liable to capture as a fugitive slave. after speaking on the abolition circuit for two years in england. ireland and scotland. he returned to america, but he could do so only after his manumission and was purchased by friends of his on both sides of the pond. he was no longer an outlaw, but a free man in the eyes of the law. he then edited an abolition newspaper called the north star and wrote and spoke almost daily to emancipate slaves and rid the nation of colored prejudice. he followed the career of abraham lincoln, and during the civil war, despite being a fierce critic of lincoln, came to appreciate the president's effo