william maher tweed was popularly known as boss tweed. boss meaning that he was the bos of politics -- boss of politics in new york. he was the one who called the shots due to his position in tammany hall. interestingly here, even though some people might associate tweed, tweediness with some irish clothing, tweed was not himself irish -- he was neither irish nor catholic. he was an immigrant, however. he was the son of immigrants, but immigrants of a scot presbyterian background. i don't know how much history you all know, but back in the old -- in ireland, there is no sharper conflict between irish catholic ares and scot everybody presbyterians. scottish. they were sworn enemies in the world world. and it's -- old world. and it's not like those battle lines completely disappeared in the new world. 18703, 1871, there were actually riots in new york city. they were called the orange riots. they weren't about oranges. [laughter] they were about orange, orange men were scottish presbyterians who centuries earlier had supported william of or