karl this conversation in looking at another book you wrote the triumph of william mckinley why election of 1896 still matters and. i was reading it again the other day and. it's clear. it's very relevant as we think through this political moment. 1896, you may have read the book. if you haven't, karl, help us understand when we look at that election, that time, what it could help us understand about the chaos in division of washington. well, first of all, thanks. thanks for having me. and thanks for rereading the book. as he can tell you, as he could tell you, it's a hell of a it is. and it's available outside. yeah. yeah. look, it may sound sort of drive it. it's got and violence and backstab and betrayal it sounds like an alternative fact and everybody has really cool nicknames. did you love the quote? that's true. the republican nominee is the napoleon of protection and the democratic nominee, the boy orator of the platte. and there are republican bosses. they call themselves the combine and they're led by the easy. senator thomas, call your plan of new york and the frontrunner for t

william mckinley miss the opportunity to throw out the first pitch of the season. they went from mckinley to teddy roosevelt. he was never a baseball fan. from there, weent to william howard taft. >> hwas a senator manager who was lost history. he suggestedhat taft do this, but there was no sense then at there would be a situation. it was a one-off. it wasn't until years later that they made an annual tradition. had a fitting start to the morning. >> syrup been a number of myths mentioned about bill stern and abraham lincoln. william howard taft is the subject of another myth he invented the seventh-inning stretch. there is no truth to that. >> i was going to ask you that we at >> taft got up at the seventh inning, but there were instances, prior to that, in college baseball and even in some professional baseball. harry wright of cincinnati led this in 1869. he wrote a letter, and i think that was held in the dixson book, and wrote a letter talking about the seventh-inning stretch. 1869. that was 41 years before william howard taft. >> let's get to some calls. i hav

william mckinley. you got hypothermia in queens. did you hear what i said? so in 1990. what three, 1993, me got hypothermia in queens with a roof over her head. and one of the things that i'm haunted and obsessed about right now is what is happening with. children being trafficked, right? you were with your family, but now, you know, we have children who are being trafficked along with their parents and ending up like in the city of new york, they put on a beach or randall's island. these are refugees from what, similar a coup, haiti, etc. . and the possibility that one of them might get hypothermia in the year 2022. and i think this is for me one of the more frustrating elements of this dynamic. i mean, what success. what extraordinary success. but the fact that the conditions have yet faced or that lee faced horrific conditions in many ways still exist and have only gotten worse gomez possibly. i was going to ask you a question, but since we have a full lineup, just ask your question, please. thank you. i don't know if can. yeah, we can hear you. okay. mine. i read so

the other hand, modeled himself after the progressive when he became president 1901, after william mckinley's assassination, then was elected on his own right in oh four, and william howard taft and woodrow wilson are considered progressive presidents as well. and in fact, amendments to the constitution come out of the progressive movement, most famously the 16th amendment, the income tax, 17th amendment, direct election of senators, the 18th amendment prohibition, and the 19th amendment granting women the right to vote. and so the progressive movement has a longer term effect and has greater national support and national leaders who speak for it and is more of a middle class reform movement and one more image we want to show, one more primary source. and this is from your book, fabric of a nation a brief history with skills and sources. for the ap. it's the percentage of african-americans registered to vote between the years of 1947 and 1976. there is a steady increase and all of a sudden a big jump. what what should students extrapolate if they see this graph? well, i think of the most impo