and last but not least, william zartman is professor emeritus at the johns hopkins university school of advanced international studies and he was the founder of the department here. he is one of the most influential and well respected academics in the world in the conflict management field and he has shape must -- much of the vernacular by pretty much everybody else. we can thank mr. sharma for concepts like ripeness and stalemate which have come to think about the world approaches conflict situation. doctor zartman also happens to be the chairman of the board of international peace and security institute which is what i make them come today. the way this will work on each the glove 10 to 15 minutes to give their opinions on the stated topic. will hold questions to the end and then we will do a 30 minute q&a. so with that i'm going to go ahead and head over to jack duvall and start this panel. thank you. >> thanks very much. it's a pleasure to be here. to see a coherent, enthusiastic about this subject are some of this -- some of us in this field, as most practitioners around the wor

speakers include jack duvall, president of the international center on nonviolent conflict, and william zartman former conflict management program director at johns hopkins university. the international peace and security institute in collaboration with the johns hopkins university hosted this discussion in washington d.c. it's an hour and 40 minutes. >> good evening. my name is cameron chisholm, and i'm the president of the national peace and security institute, and i'd like to welcome you all to why here, not there: investigating emerging nonviolent movements. this is an event brought to you by the international peace and security institute and the johns hopkins university school of advanced conflict management program. the connection between us is a natural one because we have a lot of shared values. first, the pragmatic solutions exist to all violent conflicts irrespective of complexity or scale. second, that the next generation of global peace and security leaders must be educated in the arts of negotiation, mediation and conflict resolution to address violent conflict at all levels of soc

honored to be with this panel and her your presentation and honored to be on the panel with bill -- william zartman. i thank you for being here and allowing me to be here and present to you. i work for the united states government. i am in that state department. that will tell you about my perspective right there. let me also add quickly that everything you will hear coming out of my mouth this afternoon is the perspective of cyntha irmer and not necessarily the perspective or view of the united states government. so don't hold them to. told me to it. as i thought about the question why here and not their --there legal-truthful response to that is i don't know. i am not sure that any of the snow. and won't speak for the rest of everyone besides myself but i am not sure that we know. i can speak from the perspective of the conflict resolution, conflict analysis, peace studies deal and say that part of the reason we don't know why from that perspective is we are most often looking at the mechanism of how conflict becomes violent. we have some systematic and regularized thinking on that mechanism. and

william zartman, who was the founder of the conflict management department here. he is one of the most respected speakers in the world on conflict management. we can take mr. zartman or concepts like rightness. he also happens to be the chairman of the board for the international peace and security institute. the way this is going to work is that each one of our speakers will have 10-15 minutes to give their opinions on the stated topic. we will have a 30 minute q & a. thank you. i will go to jack duvall and start the panel. >> thank you. many had to beg and beseech audiences to gather and hear a little about the subject 10 years ago. the time of the relevance of this has never been more acute than it is now. what i would like to do is set the table for the discussion by surveying what has happened historically with respect to the use of non-violent change and the fine for you what i believe -- define the movements when they are successful. i will give you a rundown of some of the lesser known nonviolent struggles that are occurring today that are not as conspicuo