it was woodrow wilson himself. and the result, was that the key piece of european security architecture, that everybody had expected was missing. and if significant forces in europe rose to challenge the versailles peace treaty, the key thing that was needed for europe stabilization was absent. and that is a story of why wilson's piece lost. thank you. >> folks we have time for two questions, you are welcome to come down to either mike and dr. armstrong will be available after the program for additional questions. >> oh i thought i was going to escape all right,. >> first of all thank you so much, and it's very interesting and very informative and personally, i guess i would consider myself more in the lodge view of things, in terms of a certain real-ism, especially with respect to barrier states. and would you be able to comment, on obviously through wilson's 0.10 in his 14 points. he was very much in favor of self determination, and in eastern europe, and were there any concerns about having any kind of check in

the woodrow wilson who wrote this was still healthy. but in november, 1919, and march, 1920, wilson ordered democrats to vote no on the treaty rather than to accept lodge's reservations. wilson aborted his own offspring, and the argument is that his increasing psychological rigidity is what had caused this collapse and made it impossible for him to make the compromise. this would be, therefore, the consequences of a gigantic medical crisis. and wilson refused to compromise. what, therefore, is the story that we're trying to see here? what we're seeing is probably there was no way to get the versailles peace treaty through as wilson had written it. was it possible to get a version of the versailles peace treaty through that would be a lot looser, a lot less firm than what woodrow wilson, yes, there was a way, and who was the person who stopped it? it was woodrow wilson himself. and the result was that the key piece of european security architecture everybody had expected was missing, and if significant forces in europe rose to challenge t

roosevelt, in addition sometimes to woodrow wilson. there have been dissenters, of course. a writer that claimed wilson was not one of the world men, but a great fiasco. among those who rate him highly, there is almost nothing of the sense of admiration so often associated with the attitude displayed to other so-called greats. wilson's greatness seems to come grudgingly. an acknowledgment of his accomplishments without an appreciation of his personal attributes. in attempting to assess this extraordinarily complex individual by placing it threefold, first to survey his early years to gain an understanding of his philosophy. second, to examine the significant events of his presidency, especially in the controversial area of diplomacy. third to discuss briefly some of , the changing historical evaluations of his presidency. wilson, thomas woodrow wilson, or tawny was born in stanton, virginia, the son of a military general. in the daughter of a presbyterian minister. both the wilson's and the woodrow were emigrated to america. the future present -- president had no american-bo

wilson, thomas woodrow wilson, or tawny was born in stanton, virginia, the son of a military for -- military general. in the daughter of a presbyterian minister. both the wilson's and the emigrated to america. they had no american-born grandparents. all came from the british isles and all were presbyterians. shortly after his family moved toaugusta, georgia, he goes columbia, south carolina. his childhood was not a happy one by any means. frail, homely child, and a left at models boy. in thenot set foot school until he was 14 years old. later years he could only take refuge in jokes about his appearance, particularly about -- i am not a star, there are others more handsome by far. perhaps the wilson family's black butler gave the most telling description of wilson as a boy. ," set theung man the servant.id his dad would say to me, don't you let him get into fights. but there was no danger of that. he was not the fighting kind. well, what kind was he? a number of adjectives a pride -- adjectives apply to him. reserved, truly ambitious. despite poor health in a sheltered existence sheltered by

woodrow wilson campaigned on something called the new freedom. herbert hoover campaigned on something called new era. we have a new deal, franklin roosevelt. fair deal, harry truman. and on and on right down to today, what some have called the ordeal. the point is, simply, without joking around about it, it is only in the early 20th century the president really steps forward as the actor in our political system who aspires to enact a coherent policy package. and i would say only rarely succeeds in doing so. some of the frustrations we experience today in our political system, polarization, paralysis, are, in many ways, built into the clash of expectations about what the president could and should and wanted to do and they still exist in constitutional restraints that define the boundary between the president and congress. it is only on rare occasions that the president and the congress really align in their aspirations, and make for major transformations or improvements or whatever in our political system. so that is one innovation that comes to

he wrote a book called "the ordeal of woodrow wilson, " which is a very sympathetic, and a bestseller the only book - hoover wrote two dozen books. that was the only one on the bestseller list. but it's a fascinating - and what it is in wilson that clearly appeals to hoover, it's useful to know in terms of predicting many of the problems that hoover would experience in the white house. >> who asked him to be commerce secretary? and how long was he there? and what impact did he have? >> too interesting. the harding administration - warren harding, rather touchingly, aware of his own limitations, set out to recruit a cabinet of the best men. so, i mean, charles evans hughes became secretary of state. and he d basically gave hoover a choice, and hoover picked the commerce department, which in those days was, perhaps, the least important department in the cabinet. >> well, of course, hoover being hoover, soon there were cartoons portraying hoover as secretary of commerce and under-secretary of everything else. and he did rub a lot of feathers because he use - well. he created something ou

onch american history tv c-span3. >> in 1915, president woodrow wilson put a memorabilia box at arlingtonational cemetery. in april 2020, the box was carefully removed and opened. next on american artifacts, we visit arlington to see the contents with tim frank and caitlin smith. about this memorabilia box, we really have to take you back to 1864 in order to bring you forward to 1915. in 1864 we buried the first in maine.re and then the secretary of war set aside 200 acres to become a national cemetery. by the end of the civil war there were 15,000 confederate soldiers buried here as well as union soldiers. and general john logan established decoration day, she declared may 30 of every year. the idea is that people would placethe graves and flowers. decoration day became a more real day. it became so popular that in 1873, quartermaster general held tory meigs decoration day ceremony and at the time it became a small venue . every year thousands of people would show up to arlington. that 25,000found people showed up to decorate the in 1913, congress authorized this memorial empathy under t

order your copy today, wherever books are sold. >> harvard professor erez manela talks about how woodrow wilson's upbringing -- mr. manila discusses how wilson champion determination and reform as bulwark against both concentration and power disorder. the video of courtesy of the national world war one museum and memorial in kansas city missouri. >> doctor erasmus ella is a teacher at harvard university and served as a director of graduate programs at harvard center for international affairs and as co-chair of the harvard international

those men heard the word, and i have fought for reforms of follett and theodore roosevelt in woodrow wilson before another roosevelt adopted and distorted the word liberal. i believe forces of free enterprise must be regulated. i oppose business monopolies. i believe in the right of collective bargaining without any interference and the full protection of that obvious right. i believe in minimum standards for wages and maximum standards for hours, and believe such standards should constantly improve. i favor the regulation of intrastate utilities and banking, the security markets. i believe in federal pensions and adequate old-age benefits, and in unemployment allowances. i believe the federal government owes a duty to adjust the position of the farmer with that of the manufacturer. if this cannot be done by parity prices, than some other method must be found without too much regimentation of the farmer's affairs. i believe in the encouragement of cooperative buying and selling, and the full extension of rural electrification, and i believe the federal government owes a very strong obligati

of those men heard the word and i fought for the rewards of the elder theodore roosevelt and woodrow wilsond the word liberal. i believe that the forces of free enterprise must be regulated and i'm opposed to business monopolies. i believe in the right of collective bargaining by labor without any interference, and full protection of that obvious right. i believe in minimum standards for wages and maximum standards for hours and i believe that such standards should constantly improve. i am in favor of regulation of internate skut tilts inter -- i believe in federal pensions in adequate benefit and unemployment allowances, i believe that the federal government owes a duty to adjust the position of the farmer with that of the manufacturers, if this cannot be done by prices then some other method must be found without too much regimentation of the farmer's affair. i believe in the encouragement of could be rattive buying and selling in the extension and i believe that the federal government owes a strong obligation to preserve our natural resources and i do not base my claim of liberalism sole

woodrow wilson botch that's spectacularly. we see how hughes handles the treaty-making process when he's secretary of state. he brings all parties in. he gets the treaties in, and he submits to the senate, passed almost overwhelmingly. also what i neglected to mention in his post-chief justiceship years is he's called in to consult on the structure for the new united nations. at this advanced age, he strikes some things regarding the structure of the security council, puts things in, and makes it far more workable. he's a very practical guy. and he had been interested in world justice and court rule of law internationally from an early point. if he had proposed a league of nations, there's a good chance it would have been approved by the united states of america. >> other than your own book, what's one of the best books in america that you can recommend? >> certainly on hughes, the "merl oh-pusey" two-volume biography is a terrific, terrific book. that's the book if you want to know an awful lot about mr. hughes. >> and you br

fifty years ago, in this room and at this very desk, president woodrow wilson spoke words which caught the imagination of a war-weary world. he said, "this is the war to end war." his dream for peace after world war i was shattered on the hard realities of great power politics and woodrow wilson died a broken man. tonight i do not tell you that the war in vietnam is the war to end wars. but i do say this, i have initiated a plan which will end this war in a way that will bring us closer to that great goal to which woodrow wilson and every american president in our history has been dedicated, the goal of a just and lasting peace. as president i hold the responsibility for choosing the best path to that goal and then leading the nation along it. i pledge to you tonight that i shall meet this responsibility with all of the strength and wisdom i can command in accordance with your hopes, mindful of your concerns, sustained by your prayers. thank you and goodnight. >>> weeknights this month on american history tv, we're featuring "the contenders," our series that looks at 14 presidential ca

is and you really get a sense of that government and you get a sense of woodrow wilson. if the historians had reprioritized and looked more at wilson's policy in the caribbean and in central america, it wouldn't be a surprise as it seems to have been to some readers of the "new york times" recently that wilson was a racist. it's in this region that these very important aspects of wilsonianism become very clear. >>> next we turn to professor benjamin montoya for his insights. he recently earned his phd from the university of cooof colorad boulder. his book talks about the policy between two nations. his contributor was 1917, and he recently started teaching at the international affairs department at university of colorado boulder. please help me in welcoming professor montoya. >> good afternoon. i think my comments will tally a yes vote in a few minutes here, but we'll see. so poncho villa's raid would mark a permanent shift in u.s. racial elections. after that year the u.s. would never again directly or indirectly try to steer the course of revolutionary politics. after i

hoover and woodrow wilson became close, i mean, for what passes for close with either man. each in his own way was almost too rational, too cerebral for the political process. they were both at versailles. wilson and hoover was part of the delegation. and later on, years later, hoover did something no american president has ever done. in effect, the record stood until george w. bush wrote about his dad. hoover was the only american president to write a book about another american president. he wrote a book called "the ordeal of woodrow wilson, " which is a very sympathetic, and a bestseller. the only book - hoover wrote two dozen books. that was the only one on the bestseller list. but it's a fascinating - and what it is in wilson that clearly appeals to hoover, it's useful to know in terms of predicting many of the problems that hoover would experience in the white house. >> who asked him to be commerce secretary? and how long was he there? and what impact did he have? >> too interesting. the harding administration - warren harding, rather touchingly, aware of his own limit

president woodrow wilson arriveded in britain en route to the peace conference then gathering in paris, about which we've heard quite a bit already. now, during his time in london before he arrived in paris, wilson had a private interview with a deputy chief censor of great britain, a man by the name of frank worthington. in response to a question from worthington about closer relations between great britain and the united states wilson, according to worthington's notes said the following, and i quote, you must not speak of us who come over here as cousins, still less as brothers. we are neither. neither must you think of us as anglo-saxons as that term can no longer be applied to the people of the united states. he then concluded, i quote again, no, there are only two things which can establish and maintain closer relations between your country and mine. they are community of ideals and of interests. this might seem leak a surprising outlook for a man to take like wilson, all the more since it ran against common perceptions among u.s. elites in that era. let me give you one example of

but very narrowly against woodrow wilson. we are learning more about his contributions to society we are joined by a new guest at the set right here outside of the beautiful october night, in front of the supreme court building, paul d. clement, who served as u.s. solicitor general. thank you for being with us. >> great to be here and bernadette a. meyler is with us throughout the program. a professor cornell law school. glad to have you. i'm going to ask us to start. we said he had two terms on the court. 1910 appointed as associate justice, at the time the youngest. 1930, president hoover reappointed him as cheap. what was the difference in him as a justice on the court during the 20 year period? did you come back as a different person? >> i think he did. obviously he had some incredible experiences in the interim. from the failed presidential run, but also served as secretary of state, service on the world court in the hague. he comes to the job as chief justice as somebody who had many more experiences, considerable execu

end, ellis paul and woodrow wilson became the worst sort of enemies. they despised each other's.son was a southern democrat you have got great images here. he opposed a national constitutional amendment. his party was still under the control of southern democrats. they had done their best and they had succeeded in removing the right to vote from southern black man. these states, southern white supremacist democratic political leaders were not going to allow lack women to come into the right to vote. so they really opposed a andtitutional amendment wilson is in their camp. in 1913.de is it later became infamous because this is a democratic administration in a southern city washington. and ellis paul agrees to basically segregate black suffragists in the parade. act which reinforces the longer for conflict between black suffrage and women's conflictreaganites with the champions of black equality and women's body. -- equality. maybe some of your listeners will want to ask more about that. inaugurations used take place in march. 1916, ellis paul reformulate her group and calls it a p

woodrow wilson spoke about something called the new freedom. he said that the new freedom stood for the idea of restoring unfettered opportunity for individual action and being able to employ the power of the government on behalf of social justice. now, it's kind of interesting this comes from wilson because if you been following what's transpired since the death of george floyd, then you know that wilson the ideas that expressed were -- in nature. but he didn't seem to propound those ideas while in the white house, and instead really did fight for social justice revisions and legislations. ok, if we're looking at the gold standard as far as vision, the person that we need to think about is frank than delano roosevelt. roosevelt, of course, comes to mosthite house at a serious time in american history. it's the depths of the depression. 25 million people are out of work. and he goes to the democratic national convention. he becomes the first modern presidential candidate to fly to a convention. just the fact that he flew was a big deal because

in 1915 president woodrow wilson put a memorabilia box at arlington national cemetery. 100 and five years later, in april 2020, the box was carefully removed and opened. next on american artifacts, we visit arlington to see the contents with cemetery historian tim frank and caitlin smith. in order to talk about this memorabilia boxed, i have to take you back to 1864 in order to bring you forward to 1915. in 1864 we buried the first soldier here. and then the secretary 1864. of war set aside 200 acres to become a national cemetery. by the end of the civil war there were 15,000 union and confederate soldiers buried here and general john logan . established decoration day, she -- which he declared may 30 of every year. the idea that was throughout the country people would visit the graves and place flowers. decoration day became a more -- memorial day. it became so popular that in 1873, quartermaster general montgomery meigs designed decoration day ceremonies. in time that became such a small venue, because every year thousands of people would show up to arlington. one year we found that 25,

in the end, alice paul and woodrow wilson became the worst sort of enemies. they despised each other. wilson was a southern democrat . you have got great images here. you're making my job so much easier. he opposed a national constitutional amendment. his party was still under the control of southern democrats. there were still smarting from they amendment and they had done their best and they had succeeded in removing the right to vote from southern black man. -- from southern black men. and the states, these democratic political leaders, were not going to allow lack women to ck were not going to allow bla women to come into the right to vote. so they really opposed a constitutional amendment and wilson is in their camp. that parade is in 1913. it is famous. or rather infamous. because this is a democratic administration, in other southern city, washington. and alice paul agrees to basically segregate black suffragists in the parade. in this act which reinforces the long-before conflict between black suffrage and women's suffrage around the 15th amendment, r

powers, due to the leadership skills of nine men who served in the office -- theodore roosevelt, woodrow wilson, frank lynn delano roosevelt, harry s truman, dwight d eisenhower, john f. kennedy, lyndon baines johnson, richard nixon, and ronald reagan. " now, professor dalle's now professor deluxe analysis only looks at the 20th century. i'm going to throw in some of the presidents from the 21st century as we go along. so, if we can go to the first slide, professor dallek talks about these six points. the first one, he says, is vision. the second is charisma. the third is pragmatism. wel'll move onto the next slide. the fourth is consensusbuilding, followed by trust and credibility, luck, and then i'm going to throw in, which is on the last slide, something i'm going to call communication competence. and we're going to leave the slides behind right now. so, let's start with vision. so, vision, according to dallek, is presidents come up with an idea and they help us to develop something that's going to pull us altogether. it's going to be something that is going to unify us. sometimes it comes t

woodrow wilson died a broken man. tonight's, i do not tell you that the war in vietnam is the ward and wars, but i do say this, i have initiated a plan to end the war in a way that will bring us closer to that great goal to which woodrow wilson and every american president in our history has been dedicated. >> the goal of a just and lasting peace. as president, i hold the responsibility for choosing the best path of that goal and then leading the nation along it. i pledge to you tonight that i shall meet this responsibility with all of the strength and wisdom i can command. in accordance with your hopes, mindful of your concerns, sustained by your prayers. thank you, and goodnight. critics for america's a policy against vietnam have been described by president nixon as a vocal minority of the nation. in contrast, mr.

or certainly what we ought to do is replace james mattis with woodrow wilson, right? and not let us prostrate before wilson and channel our inner wilson, the argument is that they got -- they characterize the dilemma which is the institution that we have inherited, are inadequate with respect to the challenges that we as a country face. and that majority, super majorities of americans expect to see some action on. what we need to do now is think for ourselves. to take ownership of these institutions and to re- craft them in a way that allows for meaningful action moving forwar forward. it is that sort of spirit and that conviction that we want to highlight. and it needs to be done at the scale of the progressive movement. this is not tinkering at the edges. it's not an executive order here and a resurrection of a norm there and we are good. it's going to require deep commitment. and profound structural change in order to get the government that we need. >> we have time for one last question like post each of you. what is it about this election that makes a stick so hi

the western hemisphere if true then trump is simply following the example set by us president woodrow wilson who imposed racist laws in haiti to raise the victory set by tucson of a tour when he inspired the 1st successful slave rebellion in human history the historic flashpoint occurred during the time of nelson commemorated today in britain is trafalgar day dr sudhir hauser acing author of black spot because the epic life of 2 son of a tour joins me now from oxford in the u.k. so they're welcome to going underground so it was the richest country in the western hemisphere the 1st successful slave revolt it's been in the news because kanye west has been tweeting from lugo chavez airport in nattie who was tucson luva tour. so to say it was the son of and slaved parents who were brought forcibly to haiti in the 1st half of the edge in century or rather brought to send a man got the. richest french colony he grew up on a plantation in the north of the colony and eventually his talents less such that he was brought to the attention of the plantation araki and he became effectively the assistant

crawley: welcome everyone to today's great lecture on woodrow wilson. of the 45 men to hold out for president, few have contributed most significantly within -- to the development of that office then woodrow wilson. few have been more controversial in their own times or have conspired more controversy among historians.

so many that woodrow wilson said, well, where is everybody?hen he came in for his inauguration at the train station, no one was there to greet him. he was told everyone is at pennsylvania watching the suffrage parade. you could see the crowds. it was a well-publicized procession, which is what we wanted. it turned very ugly. the crowds moved in and heckled us. they beat us. they spit on us. it was terrible. many, many of us were badly injured. and as you can see in this photo, they mobbed the ambulance, so we were prevented from even getting the care we needed. i will tell you that it was very, very difficult to relive some of these photographs because they show how difficult our journey was until we could reach suffrage. well, president wilson did not initially support our cause. he would not even meet with us. he said he was way too busy to bother with women or women's issues. so after our parades and demonstrations, which i know the public thought were sometimes unladylike and very brave, and cat believed our tactics were too wild. i told h

he ran for president in 1916 against woodrow wilson. watch tonight beginning at 8:00 eastern and enjoy american history tv this week and every weekend on cspan3. >>> the competition is on. be a part of this year's cspan student cam video competition. middle and high school students be the start of a national conversation by making a five to six-minute documentary, exploring an issue you want the president and congress to address in 2021. be bold with your documentary. show supporting and opposing points of view and include cspan video. be a winner. there's $100,000 in total cash prizes including a grand prize of $5,000. the deadline to submit videos is january 20th, 2021. be informed. you'll find competition rule, tips and more information on how to get started at our website. studentcam. studentcam.org. >>> every weekend on cspan3, explore our nation's past. created as a public service and brought to you today by your television provider. >> in the early 20th century, the women's garment union was the biggest in the world. it inspired

some of them, including abraham lincoln and woodrow wilson by a lower percentage of the popular vote. john f. kennedy, the 43-year-old senator from massachusetts becomes president elect the united states. as president of all the people his family also becomes the center nationwide interest. his two-year-old daughter caroline and his lovely wife jack clean. surely after vice president nixon officially concede the electn, in the early afternoon of wednesday, senator kennedy appears before the press and amanda port, massachusetts. with him is his wife, father mother, many brothers and sisters. after acknowledging congratulatory praises from nixon, he addresses all americans. >> 12 americans i say, the next four years will be difficultt andchallenging years.

presidential giants, washington, jefferson, jackson, lincoln, cleveland, theodore roosevelt and woodrow wilson. we have not and i pray to god we may never reach the time in america when there is any such thing as the independencible man. we are engaged in a sacred cause, the preservation of american democracy. i cannot lead this cause alone. i need the help of every american. people of every race, creed, and color. awe revitalized and reunite america will triumph over every enemy. i thank you and god bless you. >> member of the team knows our needs because he worked, worked with us. teaching history in kansas, driving a bakery wagon in indiana, working as a hotel barker in south dakota and as a field hand harvesting wheat as a labor in california and in steel mills and sugar fields. we need him. and we the people must send will elect him president preserving our great tradition against the third term. paving the way towards jobs for our ten million unemployed, protecting our america from radicals at home and aggressors abroad. we the people must work for the election of wendell wilke and charl

president woodrow wilson arrived in britain in route to the peace conference gathering in paris. we have heard quite a bit of it already. during his time in london, before he arrived in paris, wilson had a private interview with the deputy chief sensor of great britain. a man by the name of frank whirling ten. in response to a question from wording tint about close relationships between great britain and the united states, wilson told him the following. and i quote, you must not speak of us who come over here as cousins, still less as brothers. we are neither. neither must you think of us as anglo-saxon, because that term can no longer be rightfully applied to the people of the united states. he then concluded, and i quote again. there are only two things which can establish a medium closer relations between your country in mind. they are a community of ideals and interests. this might seem like a surprising outlook to take for a man like wilson. all the more so sentence brand common perceptions in that era. let me give you one example of an opposite perspective of this relationsh

continue to be truthful once we're in the white house. [ applause ] let us say to americans as woodrow wilson said in his first campaign of 1912. let me inside the government and i will tell you what is going on there. wilson believed, and i believe that the destiny of america is always safer in the hands of the people than in the conference rooms of any elite. [ applause ] so let us give our country the chance to elect a government that will see and speak the truth for this is a time for the truth in the life of this country. and this is also a time not for death but for life. in 1968, many americans thought they were voting to bring our sons home from vietnam in peace. since then, 20,000 of our sons have come home in coffins. i have no secret plan for peace. i have a public plan, and as one whose heart has ached for the past ten years over the agony of vietnam, i will hold the senseless bombing of endo china on inaugural day. [ cheers and applause ] there no more children running from bomb out schools. there will be no more talk of bombing the cities of the north. and within 90 days of my i

back in woodrow wilson in spanish flu, john berry, public professor writes the following here about woodrowote, the wilson administration for a very different reason completely downplayed the pandemic. wilson was concerned that any negative news about anything would detract from the war effort, decreasing energy that people would put into winning the war. in this case, of course, speaking about now, more strictly political benefits. what are your thoughts on that comment? >> well, i think he's right in one part. wilson was concerned about the war and there was military generals that were concerned about the troops getting illed -- ill of the flu. there was no cdc, they didn't even have a test for the spanish flu. so when he became ill with it, they weren't even 100% sure that he had it. the headlines were, wilson narrowly escapes the flu, wilson in bed sick with cold, not flu. so they may have been fanessing that a little bit from the doctor and the white house but it was a very different time. there's more constant information that we know now about covid. we know that the president has co

so we've seen this in the past you know with woodrow wilson with f.d.r. you know major major events happen they're sick they haven't really informed their their advisors or other people who might take over for them and we've just gotten lucky in these instances that there have been strong competent people around a week or 6 president to take over for things we might not always have that you know luck in history has been america's side for a long time we don't know how long that's going to last and pursuing this thought still. we begin with perhaps the president himself is a little sick perhaps the presidency is you know sick of procedures german newspaper wrote a couple of days ago america is sick. you know i mean of course literally 1st of all america is sick and the numbers are bad and getting worse and the fact that it hasn't been able to deal more effectively you know like germany for example this is not a sign of a healthy country the fact that you know someone like donald trump 1st of all is president and 2nd of all that we cannot believe that we wo