i also want to thank the workforce. i see there's a number of folks that have joined you here today, tsa officers, and we are grateful to the workers that keep our travelers moving and safe and our economy moving all at the same time. i'm excited about the fact that you'll be at laguardia tomorrow to sign the collective bargaining agreement, first in quite some time, and well- deserved for those workers. it's good for everyone. on a regular basis, as we travel, the traveling public, in airports for starters, i see those officers laboring to move people through security. depending on what time of day and what airport you're at, the line could be extraordinarily long and the workforce can be extraordinarily overtaxed and overburdened, depending on how many people are working, and i'm sure they can tell you better than i can that travelers come in waves. we've seen it's. it's a regular occurrence and depending on what hub you're at, at any particular time. what sort of guardrails do you have in place as an organization to

workforce recruitment and retention. this is just over one hour. >>> committee on homeland security and maritime security will come to order. without objection the chair may declare the subcommittee and recess at any point. the purpose of the hearing is to examine priorities of the budget request for 2025. i would like to think our distinguished witness, administrator david pekoske for joining us. without objection, mr. carter is permitted to sit with the subcommittee and ask questions of the witnesses. so ordered. i want to welcome a new member of the subcommittee, the gentleman from new york, mr. kennedy. thank you for joining us. i recognize myself for an opening statement. on behalf of the members of her sub committee i am pleased to welcome administrator david pekoske to discuss fiscal year 25 request. it has been over two decades since tsa's establishment after the terrorist attacks 2001, while tsa has grown as an agency its mandate from the american people remains the same. to safeguard our transportation system.

i also want to thank the workforce. we are grateful to the workers that keep travelers moving and safe. i'm excited about the fact that you will be at laguardia tomorrow to sign the collective bargaining agreement. -- quite some time and well- deserved for those workers. on a regular basis, as we travel -- for starters, to see those officers laboring to move people through security depending on what time of day and what airport your the line could be extraordinarily long and the workforce can be extraordinarily overtaxed and overburdened depending on how many people are working. i'm sure they can play better than i can that travelers come in waves. we've seen it. it's a regular occurrence. depending on how good you are at any given time. what sort of guardrails are -- in the organization to keep the flow moving? to keep the ratio of officers in a good place so that the traveling public is moved through in a decisive manner as well as ensuring those that are traveling are screened effectively. >> sir, thank you for your

helping them successfully transition into the workforce. the department's office, provides critical services to military spouses, as they make their transition to civilian life. i look forward to learning more about how the president's budget request, would support the workforce training needs of them and their families. i'm pleased to see the increased investment in our division. the proposed $35 million increase, is needed to recover the hartford eight wages earned to workers stolen by their employers. last year's wage and hours, able to recover more than $156 million in federal minimum wage over time, ode to more than 135,000 workers. in wisconsin, wage in hours, identified $3 million in wages owed to 1400 workers. this front think is also critical to enforcing child labor laws. ensuring that we are working there, doing safely and appropriately. there have been egregious instances of child labor violations. appropriations can think that they can ignore federal child labor laws. kids will continue to be put at risk. this is children worki

and other workforce partners. those are invested in creating an effective infrastructure to connect people to jobs. >> my time is expired. but it is counter in to devon opposite from what you are doing. your department is proposing a rule that would strip states. those wonderful state-level agencies you talked about. it would strip their ability to recognize and approve apprenticeships. forcing all programs to adhere the one-size-fits-all. it is just a bad role. thank you. >> ms. stevens, you are recognized for 5 minutes. >> thank you, madam chair. it is such a delight to be in the presence of a phenomenal leader in presidential administration for the country. julie su, you have defended - benefited the department of labor during some of the most critical times in this country's economic. >> thank you. all of a sudden, i lost my voice. i've been sitting here for hours. thank you. and hopefully, i can go a little bit over, madam chair. i am okay. i was just on the phone. but you have been at the department of labor

workforce? and what supports would be provided for participants? things like food, transportation that people need to remove the barriers so they can get this training. se su: thank y. i often say i think of the workforce system as a form of infrastructure. it is not physical roads and bridges, but what connects people to the job they need an employer's to the people they need. that has to be as strong as our physical infrastructure. their programs talking about today, apprenticeship, educational institutions. the $8 billion grant is meant to help supplement to make sure every individual who is looking for a job and who needs to be in a training program to do so has some support to do that. it is one piece of the overall puzzle for how we meet this demand employers have. again, in a growing economy we are seeing more and more employers looking for workers that everybody has the support they need to do that. we look forward to working with you and other members of the committee and of congress. r

workforce, and what supports would be provided for participants? you know? things like food, transportation, and things like that. things to remove the barrier so they can get this training. >> thank you so much, congresswoman. i often say i think of the workforce system as a infrastructure, too. it is not roads and bridges but the roads and bridges that complete connecting people to what they need. we have been talking about part of that. sector-based training. the role of educational institutions. so the $8 billion grant is meant to supplement so every individual who is looking for a job and who needs to be in a training program to do so has support to do that. it is one piece of the overall puzzle for how we meet this demand that employers have. again, in a rolling economy, we see more and more employers looking for workers and so that everyone has the support that they need to do that. we look forward to working with you and other members of the committee. >> i am over my time but i do appreciate you being here and we have worked really hard on

are future workforce - signals that are future workforce isn't going — signals that are future workforcenals that are future workforce . isn't going to stay here. when they see things — isn't going to stay here. when they see things as — isn't going to stay here. when they see things as difficult _ isn't going to stay here. when they see things as difficult as _ isn't going to stay here. when they see things as difficult as they- isn't going to stay here. when they see things as difficult as they are, i see things as difficult as they are, the terms — see things as difficult as they are, the terms and _ see things as difficult as they are, the terms and conditions - see things as difficult as they are, the terms and conditions and - see things as difficult as they are, the terms and conditions and the i the terms and conditions and the pay, _ the terms and conditions and the pay, the — the terms and conditions and the pay, the industrial— the terms and conditions and the pay, the industrial action, - the terms and conditions and the pay, the industrial action, it - the terms and conditio

and security workforce, cloud computing, and the i.t. modern is asian efforts -- modernization efforts. mr. hinchman worked as a business consultant for several private-sector forms and -- in the united states navy. mr. hinchman, you are now recognized for your opening remarks. >> thank you. chairman peters, members of the committee. thank you for inviting gal to discuss our work -- hybrid -- cybersecurity efforts. we -- an electronic data to execute fundamental operations and to process and maintain crucial information. cyber-based intrusions in the tax on both federal and nonfederal systems by malicious actors are becoming more common and more disruptive. these attacks threaten the continuity, competence, and integrity of these essential systems, including those that support our nations critical infrastructure. never has there been a greater need to ensure that these -- and guidance needed to ensure their security. because the private sector owns the majority of this infrastructure, it is crucial that the public and private sectors wor

i- back the workforce part—time? i would _ back the workforce part—time? two things about that but i think l two things about that but i think matter. first is whether it is care workers or anybody else, there are quite a number of people who want to get back into the workforce, but are struggling to do so for one reason or another. another example would be people who are all long—term sickness getting back into the workforce. we have a plan for a supported scheme back into work for people, including things like trials. people think they have to be all in or all out. getting companies to give a trial period for a few weeks to someone to see how they get on being back in the work environments. i think there is a lot in this. we went to see siemens, who make the trains, just up the road in crawley. they have asked supported back to work scheme that was really good for people who wanted to come back. some from care, others coming back. some from care, others coming back from illnesses or operations. 0n the question of social care, because this is really impor

if you talked about the investments in workforce training. yesterday i was in front of the chamber commerce visiting and i heard the same plea for those nds of investments in workforce training. one area that you know that i focused a lot on his way of clear work, the car ecomy and domesc workers. i am proud toe the host sponsor of the domeic worrs bill of rights, there are 2 million domestic workers who care for o children, that makesl other work possible. spite the high demand we have for the workforce, domestic workers have long been excluded from the basic protections of the fair labor standards act and they are amongst lowest paid with nearly 90% getting no benefits a all. do you agree we government have aessential re tolay toradica these exclusions and ense that proteions for domestic workers sh as those in the bill of rights are enacted into law? sec. su: thank you for your leadership in that space. president biden has also called for investments in our care economy. all of you in the american rescue plan act made sure there were inves

we have viously talked to the workforce about these issues. i do want to hear from you what you do believe rt review panel and the input employees have in your visibility and you talked about more data and information. the program is very robust and a good tool and as you indicated they are part of that process. we are supportive of that and we would like to see that extended throughout the workforce with the same transparency d participation and we need to have visibility into the reporting coming. >> do you have that now currently in other manufacturers? >> i can respond separately with more detail about the actions. the information about their programs. >> again, some people may not understand or think this may be an over requiremality you think it should be part of a basic system that you have. >> it does. we have our own redundancy by haand requested to the ceos they communicate h they have done and we had reports come in. >> you think there is anything dilatory us here about having quite necessary. >> what can the faa do to make sulyas p

we do recognize the importance that the safety workforce is. that is why enacting the recent law, we basically authorized $67 billion over five years to help boost the faa workforce and make sure we have an increase in the number of aviation safety inspectors. this is to be done across all shifts obviously at manufacturing site. how does the faa know what the right number of safety inspectors are? how do we use metrics to you measure their success? >> the interaction between what the inspectors are finding and what the staffing needs are is a continuous feedback loop so with respect to boeing as we do the audit and you find gaps in the production process that gives us inside of where we need the inspectors and they continue to deploy and continue their audits and inspections and we redeploy assets as needed. for example, there are a lot of issues around tool in management and we do expect as boeing deploys a newer state-of- the-art technologies to manage these tools and parts, once we see that successful, we won't need as many inspectors there

and it needs to reward its— this workforce and it needs to reward its workforce - this workforce andorce and that is - show that it is supporting its workforce and that is why. show that it is supporting its| workforce and that is why we show that it is supporting its i workforce and that is why we are talking _ workforce and that is why we are talking about _ workforce and that is why we are talking about bringing _ workforce and that is why we are talking about bringing more i workforce and that is why we are talking about bringing more gps| workforce and that is why we are i talking about bringing more gps into the nhs _ talking about bringing more gps into the nhs because _ talking about bringing more gps into the nhs because without _ talking about bringing more gps into the nhs because without the - the nhs because without the workforce, _ the nhs because without the workforce, the _ the nhs because without the workforce, the nhs- the nhs because without the workforce, the nhs is- the nhs because without the i workforce, the nhs is nothing, the nhs because without the - workfor

the workforce present in all aspects of her industry.re has been a significant loss of experience for workers and a lack of that natural transfer of knowledge. we encourage operators in the system to recognize that as a risk and build programs around that to mitiat means more training and mentoring and time to complete tasks. s permanently changed its oversight approach following the january five incident with alaska airlines and you believe that that action an is ient to change the safety culture, not just boeing but also suppliers? >> the action plan is comprehensivebut it has to be implemented and it's just a plan and a roadmap and i think the didoes include making sure that suppliers are pulled into this risk and recognize the supply chain as a risk that these have >> just along ese lines, how has the faa been coordinating with international regulators on that supply chain?'s >> that role has been limited. we did have this conference this week. i was able to spend some time with the new head of this area. you have been doing. i want

the workforce challenges are industry.rage operators in the system to recognize that as a risk and build programs around that to mitigate that so that means more aining an mentoring and time to complete tasks. >> last, you talked about in permanently changed its oversight approach following the january five incident with alaska airlines and you believe that that action plan is sufficient to change the safety cultur not just boeing but also suppliers? >> the action plan is comprehensive but itimplemented plan and a roadmap and i think the difficult part in edible mentation but part of that suppliers are pulled into this risk and recognize the supply chain as a risk that these have separate mitigations. >> just along these lines, how with international regulators on that supply chain?'s >> my coordination internationally since taking ththis conference this week. i was able to spend some time with the new head of this area. l you have been doing. ■keed and the faa has responded to boeings safety crisis. i want to thank you fo

the workforce challenges are industry.or workers and a lack of that natural transfer of knowledge. encoura system to recognize that as a risk and build programs around that to mitigate that so that means more training and mentoring and timek1■0 to compl tasks. >> last, you talked about in permanently changed its faa hao5 oversight approach following the january five incident with alaska airlines and you believe that that action plan is sufficient to change the safety culture, no"át just boeing but also suppliers? >> the action plan is implemented and it's just a plan and a roadmap and i think the difficult part in edible mentation but part of that does include making sure that suppliers are pulled into this process so they can mitigate risk and recognize the supply chain as a risk that these have separate mitigations. >> just along ■q■+these lines, ting with international regulators on that supply chain?'s >> my coordination internationally since taking that roledid have this conferen this week. i was able to spend some ti

workforce. comprised of people from a variety of backgrounds who can identify potential biases and prevent biases from being encoded into the models. second, the government must rigorously assess appropriate use cases for a.i. and ensure that the deployment of a.i. will not jeopardize the civil rights, civil liberties, or privacies of the product. law enforcement and national security agencies in particular must implement and exacting review of potential infringements on those fundamental democratic it is e the workforce be included in decision-making processes on how a.i. will be deployed. the workforce is the -- is in the best position to understand capability gaps and where a.i. can be affected. a.i. is also, used to carry out their jobs more effectively. it's not, and should not ever be a replacement for people finally, the a.i. tools we use must be secure. admit exists, can be adopted to i commend the cybersecurity and infrastructure, security agency, commonly called -- for working with the

workforce. at gecko, we talk about upscaling the workforce, we responded by hiring a significant number of former manual workers and train them to operate our robots. more than 20% of our employees don't have four-year degrees. workers who once hung from ropes at dangerous heights are now building robots. they are helping our software developers build the tools to make that work better. thank you again for the opportunity to join you today, i look forward to your questions.>> thank you, i know recognize mr. sikorski to summarize his opening statement. >> chairman green and ranking members of the committee, thank you for the opportunity to testify on the critical role that artificial intelligence plays in enhancing cyber security defenses and securing the homeland, my name is michael sikorski and i'm the vice president of engineering for unit 42 which is the incident response division of palo alto networks. for those not familiar with palo alto networks, we are an american headquartered company f

for example, we're working with the workforce alignment committee, which is staffed by our workforce team, to adopt a citywide definition of workforce development, which will help us in monitoring. and we're working with the controller's office on performance metrics across departments. this slide provides a snapshot of more detailed impact just over the past year. we're happy to go into detail on any of these results, but as you can see, the impact from individual businesses to job seekers to actually bringing people out and about to spend money in the city is pretty great, so in our introduction, i noted a big part of our work is trying to increase our tax base and our general fund for the greater city's benefit. that's why you're going to see continued focus on downtown in our budget. it drives our general fund revenue. and it's where we continue to face post-covid changes. so specifically, sales tax revenue is down 28% pre-covid. hotel tax revenue is down 32% post covid and retail vacancy rates are over 20, particularly in areas like union square. we want to reverse those losses.

we have a strong workforce.al position in the acquisition of chips on the leading edge. all of that conspires to give us retail ones we are building off of. the question is, what can we do as a government to make sure that we are fueling that oath where the incentive is an important role. buwe build what we call ourhruster support operations. we've decided, we have a few clusters that will be important to us. let's roll up our sleeves and figure out what we need to do. that could be working with state and la#ocal stakeholders on this like appropriating or could be pulling in other federal reserve. >> [inaudible] that ended up at a dutch firm [inaudible] a lot of the other national lab partnerships [inaudible] out of the so, i don't know what thebut ito you see that in a healthy way in the u.s. ecosystem? greg: i guess that part -- michael: i guess that part would be another pillar of chips, which we haven't talked about today. 11 billion is focused on building the natural -- natural semiconductor center. the fun

despite benefiting the individual it benefits the capabilities of the workforce. it also benefits their family as their child sees the impact of the mother or father seeking through education and delayed gratification greater opportunity that results in more prosperity. there is a woman i worked with name all lived he would permit nurses assistant to lpn to an rn, to a nurse manager. the clinic she was formerly the na and being the manager of. incredible story will have someone with a similar story. doctor jonas will tell us how she has done that in her career. that is something we need to think how to enable bird we should also look at other challenges to ensure our healthcare system meet the need of all. especially underserved. making sure patients from all walks of life can participate in clinical trials. which often times gives the most advanced treatment to those who have the most advanced disease. and, as i mentioned for my career making sure all have high quality medical treatment is something i am passionate about. one of her witnesses today will tell us h

we have workforce.cquisition of chips on the leading edge. all of that conspires to give us retail ones we are building off of. the question is, what can we do as a government to make sure that we are fueling that■0 oath wh is an important role. but we have done is build what we call our thruster support ns. we've decided, we have a few clusters that will be important to us. let's roll up ourleeves and figure out what we need to do. that could brk local stakeholdes like appropriating or could be pulling in other federal reserve. >> [inaudible] that ended up at a dutch firm [inaudible] a lot of the other national lab partnerships [inaudible] environment [inaudible] so, i don't know what the next [inaudible] but it seems to me that how do you see that in a healthy way in the u.s. ecosystem? greg: i guess that part -- michael: i guess that part chip, which we haven't talked about today. 11 billion is focused on building the natural -- natural semiconductor center. the fundamental premise there is pre-parad

and for ever changing the role of women in the workforce. at a time of great peril for freedom both here at home and around world and estimated. 16 million women. step to learn new skills and to produce the muni nation's battleships. war planes and equipment required by our troops to win the war. mothers wives. sisters. daughters answered our nation's call to action by tirelessly in factories. farms shipyards, aircraft. plants and steel mills in support of our armed. the can do spirit of has inspired tired generations women ever since a few years ago i had the pleasure of meeting otto of caliber, and yet one of the a reds and our rosies. shortly the attack on pearl harbor this single mom with an infant son learned how to operate a rivet gun and began at an aircraft plant. with the exception of a brief hiatus immediately after the war, eleanor remained on the job and till she reached the age. of 95. that likely made our longest working rosie the riveter the contribution made by the roses of great state of maine to the war effort. we're also e

and for ever changing the role of women in the workforce. at a time of great peril for freedom both here at home and around world and estimated. 16 million women. step to learn new skills and to produce the muni nation's battleships. war planes and equipment required by our troops to win the war. mothers wives. sisters. daughters answered our nation's call to action by tirelessly in factories. farms shipyards, aircraft. plants and steel mills in support of our armed. the can do spirit of has inspired tired generations women ever since a few years ago i had the pleasure of meeting otto of caliber, and yet one of the a reds and our rosies. shortly the attack on pearl harbor this single mom with an infant son learned how to operate a rivet gun and began at an aircraft plant. with the exception of a brief hiatus immediately after the war, eleanor remained on the job and till she reached the age. of 95. that likely made our longest working rosie the riveter the contribution made by the roses of great state of maine to the war effort. we're also e

and for ever changing the role of women in the workforce. at a time of great peril for freedom both here at home and around world and estimated. 16 million women. step to learn new skills and to produce the muni nation's battleships. war planes and equipment required by our troops to win the war. mothers wives. sisters. daughters answered our nation's call to action by tirelessly in factories. farms shipyards, aircraft. plants and steel mills in support of our armed. the can do spirit of has inspired tired generations women ever since a few years ago i had the pleasure of meeting otto of caliber, and yet one of the a reds and our rosies. shortly the attack on pearl harbor this single mom with an infant son learned how to operate a rivet gun and began at an aircraft plant. with the exception of a brief hiatus immediately after the war, eleanor remained on the job and till she reached the age. of 95. that likely made our longest working rosie the riveter the contribution made by the roses of great state of maine to the war effort. we're also e

the cyber workforce.inchman which agencies are required to oversee the implementation of federal cybersecurity regulations emselves and shortages are training deficiencies and what do you think we can help you with? >> that's a big unknown right now senator. i will be doing the gao mandates of then bill was passed in the end of next year. after the program has had time to get up and operate one of the things the federal government struggles with his not understanding what our cyberworkforce looks like within federal agencies could be of a traveler doingrc under her systm for this committee that is looking at five of the largest consumers cyber workforce and trying to understand how theyrk are managing at the department level. we are finding in terms of the general practices there's work that needs to be done. there's a job we are doing for chairman green in the cost of the cyber workforce and that's comparing that cost versus how much is on cyber is a service when you hire contractors as well is looking f

heat it is impacting our states and our workforce.chanisms -- heat mechanisms to get employers in employees prepared for the heat that i wan continue to stay-ó active and not have a slowdown in the economy and continued to stay healthy and save lives. with that, i thank you for the time and i'm ready to answer any questions you might have. [applause] and thank you for being here. s? i will start at the end. thank you, secretary. ieat tracking. is health services able to provide a best practice policy associated with that? it seems like every time we go into a legislative sessi fashion or ability to pay the companies to absorb the medion it. sec. becerra:■ i am not sure how far down you want to probe on that. on the health- side we have an office that is trying to provide data on what we are seeingito heat and making that available so people can havestant surveillance. we have agencies that would ugh our medicaid cms team . they would probably are providing servicesork with r state services to provide services. we would be working with

we have a problem with the inequality of our workforce.that shows up among latin americansthat is a problem for foreign direct investors. region is an area wherwe need to above all i would sayrules of the game so foreign direct investors can take a look on the horizon and say i will be here 30 years. i will move my operation from shanghai to monterey or columbia or wherever it will be it does not mean we have to everything perfect. ork on that formally in our countries, but if you look at the chinese business writer, it was not the world bank doing business is spick-and-span, but you need to have agencies that help you navigate that as well. so there is a buor i think it is a big opportunitye to make it work. host: elena, i went to pick up on your comments about informality. tx underscored how essential you have dual economies developing where the formal and informal economies are cut off from each other. besides creating stronger infrastructure, are there other policies you would informality? ms. ianchovichina: actually we have the inform

they employ about half the workforce, and it changes year- to-year. so it is a huge number of businesses, but employs about half the workforce. in terms of workers i think small business owners are agnostic about how they get them. they just want to have good workers. and it is industry dependent. we vary across industries, so we have restaurants in manufacturing and retail. every type of business you could think of. when you get down to industry specifics some people need skilled workers and some don't. it really depends. that education component does matter. they are fairly agnostic about how they get the workers. they just really want them. one thing i can speak to is that minimum wage is very difficult for small business owners. wage and benefit issues are very challenging. if you have less than 10 employees you do not have the economy of scale of an amazon to offer them. you do not have the profit margins to offer those. whenever we look at wage and benefit mandates they usually have a disproportionately large impact on small business owners.>> t

so i think while we look at the workforce gap, as the network workforce gap, as the network capabilityhere we have the unit 42 academy where we are bringing people in who don't maybe have the hands-on experience, we are giving it to them with on-the-job training. and i also think about government programs like i was in when i went to the nsa, i was in a technical development program where i got ramped up on all the things i didn't learn during my education previous to that. those types of programs i think are really powerful in getting people to level up the skills that they maybe did not get during college.>> you pre-much answered my second question, you had these clubs and organizations, what is congress's role in further improving those or do we have a role? because it is over half 1 million jobs and openings in the u.s., that is what keeps me up at night. we don't have the workforce to defend against these cyber attacks. a.i. can only bring us so far. do we have a role and what is it? >> we absolutely do, there's an ability to create these types of programs where it makes it really

for example, we're working with the workforce alignment committee, which is staffed by our workforce team, to adopt a citywide definition of workforce development, which will help us in monitoring. and we're working with the controller's office on performance metrics across departments. this slide provides a snapshot of more detailed impact just over the past year. we're happy to go into detail on any of these results, but as you can see, the impact from individual businesses to job seekers to actually bringing people out and about to spend money in the city is pretty great, so in our introduction, i noted a big part of our work is trying to increase our tax base and our general fund for the greater city's benefit. that's why you're going to see continued focus on downtown in our budget. it drives our general fund revenue. and it's where we continue to face post-covid changes. so specifically, sales tax revenue is down 28% pre-covid. hotel tax revenue is down 32% post covid and retail vacancy rates are over 20, particularly in areas like union square. we want to reverse those losses.

as can you describe for what type of workforce in those teams and for the case managers the level of training that is required? >> so the fun part one has been difficulty in completing those teams and then expanding them as is programs continue on successfully? >> thank you for that. >> so d c m works with the three services social workers and behavorial health clinicians and the health workers don't need to be licensed and, of course, the other other three the case managers need to be licensed the health workers have that team supervisory model that is a licensed background and directive for unalso staff providing the d c m services and in terms of - again a strong supervisor model for services. the case managers the essential team managing this and in terms of like how our workforce is functioning and what that expansion in the summer of if we had about 70 percent staff vacancies across the team and has improved so determined this improvements in our hiring and probably our retention i can look at that as well. such this, of course, helps with the enrollment we're trying to meet ou

wo space, workforce development, what is your strategy to promote workforce development in the space so that we can meet the needs of these businesses that are struggling? >> this is such a huge issue, yesterday i was with the ceo of one of the biggest construction firms in america. he said that the attrition rate on their projects is 50%, going to competitors, that they are turning down work because they cannot find enough construction workers. and his number one biggest problem is lack of skilled workers. we are doing a number of things. we are asking every semi conductor company, before they get our money, to show us their workforce plan. as part of the money, the grant we are giving to these companies , a piece of it is for workforce, so, you know, intel, all these companies are getting tens of millions of dollars just to the workforce. also, we are developing a c.h.i.p.s. workforce center of excellence to train people . this has to be a moonshot, if we fail with this c.h.i.p.s. effort , because we have not taken the workforce stuff seriously enough, which is why we have a entire